Final Exam Study Guide 6th
Name: ________________________
Unit A: “Studying People Scientifically”
1. A good experiment :
*includes a _______________________ sample size Large
*includes ________________________ trials Multiple
*can be _________________Repeated by others to get similar results
* respects human and animal subjects
2. Give an example of qualitative data. Color, shape, feelings
3. Give an example of quantitative data. numbers
4. A hypothesis is a suggested solution based on facts.
UNIT B: “Body Works”
5. Name 3 things blood transports through your body.
1) Oxygen 2) Carbon Dioxide 3) Nutrients and Waste
6. During digestion, what is the effect of mechanical breakdown on chemical
breakdown? (Hint: think of our Alka-Seltzer lab with vinegar!)
Mechanical break down speeds up chemical breakdown!
7. You have just eaten lunch. What path does food take through your digestive system?
Mouth--> Esophagus  Stomach  Small intestine  Large intestine
8. You are walking down the street when you decide to run. After running for a
few minutes, your pulse is likely to have increased.
9. Name 3 wastes produced by your body.
Carbon Dioxide, Urine, Feces, Sweat
10. You stop exercising regularly for 6 months. What is most likely to happen to
your resting pulse (compared to your resting pulse 6 months ago)? It will increase
11. Describe how the human body is organized, from the smallest to largest
structure?
Organelle -- > Cell  Tissue  Organ  Organ System--> Organism
12. You have a headache and decide to take some medicine. What would be tradeoff of taking medicine to treat your headache? Side-effects
UNIT C: “Micro-Life”
13. Put the following in order from smallest to largest: bacteria, virus, protist
Virus, Bacteria, Protist
14. Bacteria can be found where? Everywhere (soil, air, humans)
15. Can an infectious disease be caused by genes? No
Can an infectious disease be caused by microbes? Yes
16. Name 3 functions (jobs) a cell performs.
1. Respire (energy) 2. Take in nutrients 3. Waste products (reproduce)
17. Name a disease that is not infectious. Asthma, diabetes, Pellegra, Cancer
18. Name two rules for handling a microscope correctly.
1. Carry it with 2 hands
2. Do not let the objective lens touch the slide.
19. Quarantine is sometimes used to prevent the spread of an infectious disease.
Name a trade-off associated with quarantine loss of freedom.
20. Describe the “Germ Theory of Disease.” Infectious diseases are caused by
microbes!
21. Substances pass in and out of a cell through the cell membrane.
22. Mark each T (true) or F (false).
a. All cells look the same. False
b. All cells perform the same function. False
c. The shape and structure of a cell is related to its function. True
23. One of the most effective ways you can prevent the spread of infectious
disease is to wash your hands.
24. Antibiotics can be used to kill bacteria and protist.
25. What happened to the number of people infected with this disease over time in
the above graph? The number increased.
UNIT D: “Our Genes”
26. The father of Genetics is Gregor Mendel.
27. Where are genes located? DNA GENES  Chromosomes  Nucleus  Cell
28. The gene that always shows itself is called Dominant.
** Albinism (albino) is a recessive trait. Both parents are heterozygous (Aa) for
the trait. If you are heterozygous (Aa), you will not show the trait.
29. How many offsprings are dominant? 3
30. How many offspring are recessive? 1
31. What are the chances the offspring will be albino? 25%, 1:3, 1/4
32. Offspring of sexual reproduction will look never identical to the parents.
33. Traits can be determined by genes or by the environment.
34. Offspring of asexual reproduction get all of their genetic material from one
parent.
35. Name 3 organisms that reproduce asexually. Bacteria, yeast, hydra
36. Name 3 organisms that reproduce sexually. Dogs, trees, humans
37. Offspring of sexual reproduction get 1/2 of their genetic material from each
parents.
38. Name 2 trade-offs in choosing to have genetic testing.
Insurance problems, Costs- $, Find out you have the disease
Individuals with the trait are shown with shading
39. By studying the diagram above, you will see the trait skips a generation. You
can conclude that the trait is recessive.
40. The gene that gets overwhelmed by another gene is called recessive.
UNIT E: “ECOLOGY”
41. You watch a worm slowly disappear into the ground. Give an example of an
Observation: The worm disappeared into the ground.
Inference: The worm was scared and that is why he disappeared into the ground.
42. List 3 factors that could affect carrying capacity.
1. Food
2. Water
3. Shelter
43. What is the job of a decomposer? Break down dead and waste material.
44. Helen decides to release her pet fish into Lake Mead. What would be the
possible trade-offs of her decision? She will introduce a new species into the
ecosystem and maybe change the food web and the ecosystem.
45. Fill in the missing information from the photosynthesis formula.
Carbon dioxide + Water
Sunlight

glucose (sugar) + Oxygen
A new species of fox has been introduced into Yosemite National Park. This fox
eats rabbits that live in the forest.
46. What do you predict will happen to the population of rabbits in Yosemite
National Park? It will decrease.
47. The new species of fox in Yosemite National Park added another consumer to
the forest.
48. Define “population.” A group of the same organism living in a certain place.
49. Every organism requires a certain amount of water, oxygen, and food.
Together, these requirements of an organism and its environments define its
ecosystem.
50. In a food web, the arrows show the transfer of energy from one organism to
another.
51. You decide you no longer want your pet snake. The best thing to do with it is
give it away or return it to the store.
52. What are some of the specific requirements needed by most organisms in
order to survive?
1. Food
2. Water
3. Shelter
53. The role of producers in an ecosystem is to convert sunlight energy into food.
54. In this diagram, which of the following is a consumer? Owl, human, rabbit
55. The original source of energy for the food webs is the Sun.
56. Are there any scavengers in the above diagram? No
57. Name 3 things that must be available for a plant to photosynthesize.
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Water
3. Sunlight
58. What is the “niche” or job of a decomposer?
The niche of a decomposer is to break down the wastes and remains of other
organisms.
59. Give an example of a population. Earth worms living in your garden.
UNIT F: “Evolution”
60. “Diversity of species” means that there are many varieties (kinds) of
species.
61. What could cause the extinction of a species? 1. Change in the environment
2. Loss of habitat 3. Hunting 4. Lack of food 5. Disease
Mark each statement as either TRUE or FALSE.
62. Millions of species of organisms live on Earth.
True
63. Organisms have evolved only over the last few hundred years.
False
64. Many species that have lived on Earth no longer exist.
True
65. Species that are endangered have a high risk of becoming extinct. True
Which of these are fossils?
66. Footprint
67. Tooth
68. Bones
69. Rock
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
‹— Plants
‹— Fish
‹— Shells
70. What evidence does the diagram above show? A series of rock layers and the
presence of fossils.
71. Based on evidence in the diagram above, the organism that lived most recently
is the Plants.
72. Name the organism that has survived the longest on our planet.
Bacteria
73. What kind of information can you collect from footprints? The organisms foot
shape and how many toes it has.
74. List organisms from youngest to oldest. (Fish, bird, bacteria, mammals)
Mammals, Bird, Fish, Bacteria
75. Name 3 scientists that contributed to the evolutionary theory.
1. Darwin
2. Lamarck
3. Wallace
76. According to geological evidence, the earth is 4.6 billion years old.
A population of birds eats the green moths that live in a pine forest. Every
so often, the green moths have a brown offspring. The brown moths are
usually seen more quickly by the birds and eaten sooner.
77. The fact that the brown moths are easier to see and are less likely to survive
as a result is known as natural selection.
Mark each “True” or “False.”
78. The brown moths are probably a result of a mutation.
True
79. The brown moths increase the variation within the moth population. True
80. Why do the green moths survive in the forest? They can hide (camouflage) in
the forest, blend in.
81. Mutations are always/sometimes/never helpful.
82. Charles Darwin developed his theories based on his work with finches (bird)
on the Galapagos Islands.
83. What kinds of evidence did Charles Darwin used to form his theory of evolution?
1. Fossils
2. Finches beaks
3. Skeletons
84. Bringing an extinct species back to life is not yet possible. Still, some people
would like to see it happen because the species could be a source of new
information. What is a trade-off of such a decision? Change food webs, change
habitats, destroy humans (Dinosaurs).
85. Over long periods of time, some species have become extinct, while new species
have descended from earlier species. These changes over time are known as
evolution.
86. A woman lifts weights and exercises until she is very muscular. She works out with
the hope that her children will also be very strong. What is wrong with her thinking?
Characteristics acquired after birth cannot be passed to their offspring.
87. Variation is the result of randomly occurring changes over time (evolution,
mutations).
Mark each “True” or “False.”
88. The more similar the DNA, the less closely related the organisms. False
89. The more similar the DNA, the more closely related the organisms. True
90. The more different the DNA, the more closely related the organisms. False
91. You enter your science classroom and notice some supplies and equipment set up
on your table. You should not touch anything until directed by the teacher.
92. Where are we located in the Universe or what is our “address” in the Universe?
Universe  Milky Way Galaxy  Solar System  Earth
Give 3 descriptions of each of the 5 classes of chordates in the Animal Kingdom.
93. Fish – cold blooded, scales, gills
94. Amphibians – cold blooded, moist smooth skin, lays egg in water
95. Reptiles - cold blooded, scaly (rough skin) , lay eggs on land
96. Birds – warm blooded, feathers, most fly, lay eggs
97. Mammals – warm blooded, hair/fur, live birth (most), milk to young
If a new student joins our class, name 3 lab safety rules that we must maintain in
our labs to be safe.
98. No Horseplay.
99. Follow directions from the teacher for the lab!
100. Never mix chemicals for the “fun” of it!