Additional file 1 Details of radio-collaring studies conducted/ongoing in India from 1983 to 2013 Total studies 82 Species MAMMALS Tiger Panthera tigris Species 47 Duration Collar type (Manufacturer) Colla rs Anima ls Study reference Nagarhole National Park Panna Tiger Reserve 1990 – 1995 1996 – 2002 2004 – 2009 2007 – 2010 VHF (Telonics) 4 4 [1] VHF (Telonics) 10 7 [2] VHF, GPS-VHF, Argos only (Telonics, Habit) VHF, GPS-VHF (Wildlife Materials, Habit) 10 10 [3] 3 3 Pench Tiger Reserve 2007 – 2011 5 4 Sariska Tiger Reserve 2008 – ongoing VHF, GPS-VHF, GPS-Argos (Telonics, Habit, Vectronics) VHF, Argos only (Telonics, Lotek) 6 5 Panna Tiger Reserve 2009 – ongoing 3 3 Sunderban Tiger Reserve 2010 – ongoing VHF, GPS-VHF, GPS-UHF, GPS-Argos (African Wildlife Tracking, Telonics) GPS- Iridium (Vectronics) YV Jhala, unpublished data† K Sankar, unpublished data† K Sankar, unpublished data† K Ramesh, unpublished data† 3 3 Brahmapuri Forest Division, Maharashtra Gir National Park 2011-12 GPS-GSM (Vectronics) 1 1 YV Jhala, unpublished data† [4] 1989 – 1990 2002 – 2009 VHF (Wildlife Materials) 4 4 [5] VHF, GPS-UHF, GPS – Iridium (Telonics, Wildlife Materials, Vectronics, Habit) VHF (Telonics) 10 9 YV Jhala, unpublished data† 3 3 [1] VHF (Telonics) 5 5 [6] VHF (Telonics) 2 2 K Sankar, unpublished data† [7] Ranthambore Tiger Reserve Gir National Park Leopard Panthera pardus Total collars used 496 Place Kanha Tiger Reserve Asiatic lion Panthera leo persica Total animals collared 483 Nagarhole National Park Gir National Park Sariska National Park 1990 – 1992 2003 – 2007 2008 – ongoing Nasik Forest Circle, Maharashtra Dachigam National Park 2009 – 2010 2012 – ongoing GPS-GSM (Vectronics) 5 5 GPS-UHF (Vectronics) 3 3 Snow leopard Panthera uncia Clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa Hemis National Park 1989 – 1990 2010 VHF (Telonics) 1 1 VHF (Telonics) 1 1 Jungle cat Felis chaus Smooth coated otter Lutrogale perspicillata Brown palm civet Paradoxurus jerdoni Karnakwas, near Sariska Tiger Reserve National Chambal Sanctuary 1989 VHF (Telonics) 1 1 Wildlife Trust of India, unpublished data [9] 1990 – 1992 VHF-Implant (Telonics) 4 4 [10] KalakadMundanthurai Tiger Reserve Kachchh, Gujarat 1998 – 1999 VHF (AVM Instruments) 7 7 [11] 1999 – 2000 VHF (Telonics) 4 4 GIB Sanctuary Maharashtra 2002 – 2005 VHF (Telonics) 5 5 YV Jhala, unpublished data† [12] Indian wolf Canis lupus Manas National Park 1 B Habib, unpublished data† [8] Wild dog Cuon alpinus Jackal Canis aureus Pench Tiger Reserve Indian fox Vulpes bengalensis GIB Sanctuary Maharashtra Kachchh, Gujarat Hyena Hyaena hyaena Sloth bear Melursus ursinus Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus Asiatic elephant Elephas maximus 2002 – 2004 1991 2000 – 2002 2006 – 2007 2007 – 2011 2002 VHF (Telonics) 3 3 [13] VHF (Not available) VHF (Wildlife Materials) 1 6 1 6 [14] [15] VHF (Advanced Telemetry Systems) VHF (Telonics, Habit) 36 36 [16] 12 12 [17] VHF (Wildlife Materials) 1 1 Nasik Forest Circle, Maharashtra 2002 VHF (Vectronics) 1 1 Panna Tiger Reserve 1996 – 2000 1999 – 2002 2009 – ongoing 2011 – ongoing VHF (Telonics) 9 9 YV Jhala, unpublished data† YV Jhala, unpublished data† [18] VHF (Telonics) 3 3 [19] GPS-Argos (Telonics) 6 6 [20] VHF (Telonics) 2 2 1985 1990 1986 – 1988 1986 – 1988 1990 1992 1995 – 1997 1996 – 1999 2001 – 2003 2011 – ongoing VHF (Not available) 6 6 Wildlife Trust of India, unpublished data [21] VHF (Wildlife Materials) 1 1 [22] VHF (Wildlife Materials) 4 4 [23] VHF (Not Available) 2 2 [24] VHF (Telonics) 6 6 [25] VHF (Telonics) 8 8 [26] VHF, Argos only (Telonics) GPS-Argos (Telonics) 8 7 [27] 2 2 Manas National Park 2009 VHF (Telonics) 3 3 Wildlife Trust of India, unpublished data [28] Ranthambore National Park Sariska Tiger Reserve 2008 – 2010 19901991 VHF (Telonics) 6 6 [29] VHF (Wildlife Materials) 2 2 Panna Tiger Reserve 1996 – 2002 19901991 VHF (Telonics) 5 5 K Sankar, unpublished data† [2] VHF (Wildlife Materials) 2 2 1996 – 2002 19901991 VHF (Telonics) 2 2 VHF (Wildlife Materials) 1 1 Panna National Park 2005 VHF (Habit) 1 1 Hemis National Park 1994 – 1995 1998 2000 VHF (Telonics) 7 7 [30] VHF (Telonics) 3 3 K Sankar, unpublished data† Kanha Tiger Reserve Bhal, Gujarat Kachchh, Gujarat North Bilaspur Forest Division, Chhatisgarh Dachigam National Park Pakke Tiger Reserve Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary Rajaji National Park Rajaji National Park Rajaji National Park Buxa-Jaldapara Tiger Reserve Rajaji National Park Buxa-Jaldapara Tiger Reserve Manas National Park One-horned rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis Wild pig Sus scrofa Sambar Rusa unicolor Chital Axis axis Sariska Tiger Reserve Panna Tiger Reserve Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus Four-Horned Antelope Tetracerus quadricornis Himalayan ibex Capra ibex Gaur Bos gaurus Sariska Tiger Reserve Pench Tiger Reserve 2 K Sankar, unpublished data† [2] K Sankar, unpublished data† Bombay Natural History Society, unpublished data Bhandavgarh National Park 2011 – Ongoing VHF , GPS- Argos (Telonics) 27 27 Indian wild ass Equs hemionus khur Malabar spiny dormouse Platacanthomys lasiurus Indian flying fox Pteropus giganteus Little Rann of Kutch VHF (Telonics) 2 2 Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary 19901991 2002 – 2005 K Sankar, unpublished data† [31] VHF (Telonics) 4 4 [32] Doon Valley, Uttarakhand 1985 1989 VHF (Telonics) 6 6 Slender loris Loris tardigradus KalakadMundanthurai Tiger Reserve 2002 – 2003 Not available 33 33 SP Goyal, unpublished data† [33] Shimla Hills, Himachal Pradesh 1990 VHF (Biotrack) 10 10 [34] Keoladeo National Park Rann of Kutch 1994 PTT (Nippon) 3 3 [35] 1999 – 2001 1999-2000 PTT (Nippon) 3 3 [36] PTT (Nippon) 2 2 [37] 2010 PTT (Telonics) 4 4 [38] 2012 – Ongoing PTT (Telonics) 2 2 AVES White crested kalij Lophura leucomelanos Eurasian crane Grus grus Bar-headed geese Anser indicus Keoladeo National Park Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary Gharana, Jammu and Kashmir Swamp francolin Francolinus gularis Satyr tragopan Tragopan satyra Western tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus Grey francolin Francolinus pondicerianus Black francolin Francolinus francolinus Red-wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus Dudwa National Park 1998 Not available 13 13 SA Hussain, unpublished data† [39] Singhalila National Park Great Himalayan National Park Not available 1999 Not available 1 1 [40] VHF (Biotrack) 1 1 [41] Yamuna Plains, Haryana 2002 – 2003 VHF (Local made) 5 5 [42] Yamuna Plains, Haryana 2002 – 2003 VHF (Local made) 6 6 [43] Sri Lankamleswara Wildlife sanctuary 2002 – 2008 VHF (Not available) 3 3 Bombay Natural History Society, unpublished data Pallid harrier Circus macrourus Gadwall Anas strepera Velavadar National Park Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary 2008 PTT (Not available) 1 1 [44] 2010 PTT (Telonics) 1 1 Bombay Natural History Society, unpublished data National Chambal Sanctuary National Chambal Sanctuary Various Locations on East Coast Various Locations on East Coast and Sri Lanka Western Ghats 1983 – 1984 2009 – 2010 2001 VHF (Wildlife Materials) 12 12 [45] VHF (Advanced Telemetry Systems) PTT (Sirtrack) 10 10 [46] 4 4 [47] 2007 – 2010 PTT (Sirtrack) 69 69 [48] 2007 – 2009 2008 – 2010 VHF (AVM Instruments) 11 6 [49] VHF (AVM Instruments) 6 5 [49] 2008 – VHF (Holohil Ltd.) 2 2 [50] REPTILES Gharial Gavialis gangetics Olive ridley turtles Lepidochelys olivacea Cane turtle Vijaychelys silvatica Travancore tortoise Indotestudo travancorica King cobra Western Ghats Agumbe Forest, 3 Ophiophagus hannah Green turtle Chelonia mydas Karnataka East coast 2010 2010 PTT (Sirtrack) 1 1 Green turtle Chelonia mydas Leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea PISCES Whale shark Rhincodon typus Sri Lankan coast 2010 PTT (Sirtrack) 1 1 Andaman and Nicobar islands 2011 PTT (Not available) 3 3 West coast, Gujarat 2011 PTT (Wildlife Computers) 1 1 TREE Foundation, unpublished data [48] K Shanker, unpublished data ‡ Wildlife Trust of India, unpublished data GSM, global system for mobile communication; GPS, global positioning system; PTT, platform terminal transmitter; UHF, ultra-high frequency; 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