Site HSSE Guide
15/04/2020
Z Energy Limited
Site HSSE Guide for Construction and
Maintenance
Current Issue Date
Status
Effective Date
Copy Number
Review Requirements
20 May 2014
V1.2
20 May 2014
Document Posted on Z Energy Intranet
Uncontrolled when downloaded or printed
Annual review
Reissued only if revised
Site HSSE Guide for Construction and Maintenance
Document Author:
Document & Process Custodian
and Tracy Evans-Tracy
Engineering Manager
Tracy Evans-Tracy
Assets HSSE Specialist
Document Owner & Approver
Jan Lacki
Assets Manager
Authorised for issue by:
Julie Rea
HSSE Manager
Signature
Signature
REVISION HISTORY
VERSION
Version 1.0
Version 1.1
Version 1.2
DATE
1 July 2011
1 July2012
20 May 2014
Date
Date
SUMMARY OF REVISIONS
Branded Z, WAH amended to comply with WAH policy. Minor editing
General update, WAH amendments
Update in line with PTW Manual changes only
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Site HSSE Guide for Construction and Maintenance
Contents
Quality of Materials and Workmanship
.................................................................................. 1
National and Local Regulations
.............................................................................................. 1
Hazard Identification, Severity Rating and Control methods.
......................................... 6
Safe Work Method Statement /
............................................................ 6
Approval and monitoring of Safety Plans
............................................................................. 6
............................................................................................. 6
Specific Hazards Related to Petroleum Products
............................................................... 8
Hazardous Areas, Risk of Fire or Explosion
............................................................................. 9
Road Tanker Unloading and Vehicle Refuelling
................................................................. 9
Additional Hazards on Operating Sites
.................................................................................. 9
Person in Control of the Work Place
..................................................................................... 11
Site HSSE Guide for Construction and Maintenance
Medical Attention and First Aid
............................................................................................. 14
Standard of Dress and Personal Protective Equipment
.............................................. 15
Storage, Use, or Contact with Hazardous Materials including Chemicals and
External Conditions, Weather, Lighting, and Off Site Activities
................................. 17
Welding, Gas Cutting, Grinding and Soldering
................................................................. 19
Electrical Tools and Equipment
.............................................................................................. 20
Electrical Work including Telecommunications and Cathodic Protection Systems
Additional requirements for work on Cathodic Protection Systems
............................ 22
Additional requirements for work on Live Equipment
...................................................... 22
15 W ORKING A T H EIGHTS AND L IFTING O PERATIONS .
................................................................................ 23
Additional Requirements where there is risk of a fall exceeding 5 metres
Work on Sloping Surfaces including Sloping Roofs
........................................................... 24
Chains, Slings and Lifting Gear
............................................................................................... 25
Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear
...................................................................................... 25
Ladders, Trestles, Scaffolds, Mobile Scaffolds. Mobile Platforms (cherry pickers)
Site HSSE Guide for Construction and Maintenance
Work in Tank Top Manway Risers
........................................................................................... 29
Tank Top Manway Risers with an Open Tank Manhole.
.................................................. 29
Underground drainage chambers including Oil/Water Separators, manholes and grease traps
Excavations that are entered are classified as a confined space
.............................. 30
Excavations Requiring a Permit to Work
.............................................................................. 31
Site HSSE Guide for Construction and Maintenance
Introduction
1.1
General
The purpose of this guide is to provide general guidelines for undertaking construction and maintenance activities on sites.
Commitment to HSSE is such that no one undertaking construction or maintenance activities should feel obliged to take short cuts or compromise safety in any way. If there is any doubt as to whether or not an activity is safe, stop, assess and then decide the appropriate course of action.
It is the responsibility of the person undertaking the work/in charge of the site to use their professional judgement to control job safety.
The Health and Safety in Employment act 1992 and its amendments are the minimum standard if not specifically covered in these guidelines. Quality of Materials and Workmanship
1.2
Quality of Materials and Workmanship
The continuing safety and functionality of assets is dependent on the quality of the materials and workmanship employed in their construction, future modification and maintenance.
Adherence to specifications, installation instructions and data sheets as well as correct completion of all quality assurance documentation is integral with safety requirements.
Where an apparent conflict exists between any specification, installation instruction and these safety requirements, clarification and instruction should be sought from the Engineer and if necessary the issuer of the documents.
1.3
Reference Documents
HSSE Golden Rules
Comply with the law, standards and procedures
Intervene in unsafe or non-compliant situations
Respect our neighbours
Life Saving Rules
1.4
National and Local Regulations
In all instances the requirements of this manual/local or national regulations shall be followed, whichever is the more stringent.
1.5
Limitations
While the document is a guide to processes that should be followed, the detailed application of these guides remains the responsibility of the person undertaking the works.
If there is any doubt about a specific installation, do not proceed and refer to the Engineer for guidance.
1.6
Feedback
Feedback and improvements should be returned to the Engineer in writing for consideration and inclusion in future updates.
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Site HSSE Guide for Construction and Maintenance
Site HSSE Guide
2
1 Introduction
Z Energy has a commitment to avoid harm to people and the environment. This is expressed in the Health, Safety, Security and Environment Goals and implemented by adopting standards and specifications that reflect “best practice” and continual training and monitoring of staff and contractor safety performance.
These guidelines are intended as both a guide to minimum standards and an indication of best practice process. Proactive safety management requires constant review of practice, and available technologies. Therefore Safety Standards will be subject to constant change as a process of continuous improvement.
Health, Safety Security and Environment Goals
Commitment to Health, Safety and the Environment is:
Pursue the goal of no harm to people;
Protect the environment;
Use material and energy efficiently to provide our products and services;
Develop energy resources, products and services consistent with these aims;
Publicly report on our performance;
Play a leading role in promoting best practice in our industries;
Manage HSSE matters as any other critical business activity.
Promote a culture in which all Company employees share this commitment.
All contractors undertaking construction work should be familiar with these goals as it forms the basis of safe work management on all sites.
It should be noted that it is the responsibility of any contractor to Z Energy to inform all of their employees and any subcontractors of the goals and the requirements it places on the individuals and contractors to perform work in a safe manner. Subcontract arrangements should ensure the goals are implemented in a way that is enforceable.
All personnel employed by any contractor, either directly or under subcontract, to undertake work on a site shall be specifically approved by that contractor and shall be aware of, and have access to the HSSE Goals.
3 Approval of Contractors
Z Energy may operate a Contractor Safety Management Accreditation Scheme.
Where such a scheme is in place, then all contractors undertaking high or medium risk activities on Z installations shall be approved under such a scheme.
Contractors shall only be used if they meet the following criteria
Demonstrated good safety record (do they have records?)
Documented HSSE procedures for managing staff and sub-contractors
Experience in the works they will be undertaking
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4 Scope
These guidelines identify hazards inherent in work on Retail Sites and provide requirements and guidelines to meet Z Energy’s Health, Safety, Security and Environmental Goals.
These guidelines cover:
The specific hazards associated with working where petroleum fuels or lubricants are stored and dispensed in bulk on retail service stations.
Any general hazards that can be expected on the building and demolition work and related trades while working for Z Energy installing, modifying or removing such facilities and their related services, buildings and infrastructure
The intent of these guidelines is to state Z Energy’s minimum standards and to provide additional guidance to contractors on potential hazards, their identification and mitigation.
This specification does not replace the obligations on contractors to have their own systems to identify and mitigate hazards or to meet any other safety requirements of Z Energy included on any order, instruction, or conditions of contract applicable to the project.
The operative standards in all cases shall be the most stringent of:
Legal Minimum Standards
The Contractors own Safety Systems,
The Site Operators Safety Systems
Z Energy’s Safety Systems including adherence to these guidelines and any conditions on the project order; or conditions of contract; or Contractor Management Safety documentation, and in accordance with any formal safety training the contractor has received from Z Energy.
5 Glossary of Terms
Accredited Contractor - Contracting company, or organization, or individual accredited by Z
Energy, or one of Z Energy’s approved providers in accordance with Z Energy’s policies and procedures to undertake medium and high risk work.
Active Site- A site that is trading while construction or maintenance works are being undertaken.
Authorised Gas Tester - A trained person, authorised by Z Energy to carry out tests for flammable hydrocarbon gases/vapours, oxygen levels and presence of toxic gases.
CMAS Contractor Management Accreditation System - A Contractor Management
Accreditation System that approves contractors who undertake medium/high risk activities on
Sites.
Competent Person- A competent person means a person who has acquired through training, qualification or experience, or a combination of those things, the knowledge and skills to perform the task competently.
Confined Space - Any enclosed or partially enclosed space, either above or below ground, where there is some risk of reduced oxygen supply or accumulation of toxic, flammable or explosive materials or where means of entry or exit are limited, or where there is a risk of engulfment or burial.
Contractor - Person/s carrying out maintenance or installation work on a facility, including subcontractors.
CP - Cathodic Protection - Corrosion protection by polarisation of the structure to be more electronegative with respect to the surrounding soil.
May be one of two types:
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Site HSSE Guide for Construction and Maintenance
Sacrificial anode system where the electro-potential is generated by the preferential corrosion of reactive metal, buried anodes, normally, magnesium but occasionally zinc or aluminium.
Impressed current system where the electro-potential is applied by a rectified power supply between buried inert anodes and the buried structure to be protected.
Engineer The person or Representative who oversees the engineering aspects of work on behalf of Z Energy. This person may be a Company Employee, or an Engineering/Architectural
Consultant or Project Management Company employee engaged by Z Energy.
Flammable Classification.
A system to classify flammable liquids and gases by their readiness to ignite. Flammable liquids are generally classified by their flashpoints as :
Extremely flammable which includes petrol and avgas
Highly flammable which includes some solvents
Flammable which includes kerosene and jet fuel
Combustible liquids which includes diesel fuel.
Flammable gases are generally classified as to whether they are permanent, (Methane, Natural
Gas) or Liquefiable gases (propane, butane, LPG)
Petroleum fuels may also have additional hazard classifications as a function of their toxicity and eco toxicity.
Forecourt Hazardous area associated with refuelling.
Gas Free An area free of flammable gases or flammable vapour. A non hazardous area, or an area that is classified as either a hazardous area, or a potentially hazardous area , that has been tested by an Authorised Gas Tester, and a valid 0% LEL Gas Test certificate is in force.
Gas Test for Confined Space - A signed statement by an Authorised Gas Tester experienced in gas monitoring that flammable hydrocarbon vapours/gases and oxygen tests have been taken within the confined space to be entered.
Gas Test for Hot Work - A signed statement by an authorised Gas Tester experienced in gas monitoring, that a gas test has been taken for the presence of flammable hydrocarbon vapours/gases within a specified location and that the concentration shows a nil LEL response.
Hazard - The potential of a substance, activity, event, process or energy source has, to impair the health or well being of a person or the environment.
Hazardous Area An area in which an explosive/flammable atmosphere is present, or may be expected to be present, in quantities such as to require special precautions for the construction, installation and use of potential ignition sources.
Hazardous Zone – Specific zones within a Hazardous Area that identify the likelihood of a flammable vapour being present. Usually Zone 0 – present all the time, Zone 1 – likely to be present during normal operation, Zone 2 likely to be present occasionally.
HSE Health, Safety and Environment, as in general use & legislation
HSSE Health, Safety, Security & Environment as used by Z Energy and others.
Hot Work – The use of any equipment or any task that could generate enough energy to ignite a flammable vapour or gas. See also Sources of Ignition
Job Safety Analysis/Safe Work Method Statement - A formal process of identifying hazards & methods for dealing with these hazards either by eliminating, isolating or minimising the risk associated with the hazards identified. It is a required part of the process to devise a safe work system..
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Site HSSE Guide for Construction and Maintenance
Law- Any Law, By law, Regulation, Statute, that is in effect in the Country or Local Authority and enforcement is a government or local government function. Does not include “Codes of
Practice” unless the applicable government has ruled that compliance is mandatory.
Leaded Tank - A tank that has previously contained leaded motor spirit. Additional precautions such as those issued by the Octel Corporation of America are needed to address the toxic hazard caused by the lead additives.
LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) - The concentration of flammable gas, vapour or mist in air below which an explosive gas atmosphere will not be formed.
LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) – Propane or Butane or a mixture of both stored in its liquid state.
Recognised Standard A standard issued by, or endorsed by, the competent territorial or national authority having jurisdiction or in the absence of such endorsement a standard issued by an organization that has international credibility.
Principal The Operating Company involved with the works.
Permit to Work A Permit Issued by a Permit Issuer authorised by Z Energy, to permit specified work to be carried out, in defined area, under defined conditions, to minimise the risk.
Product Means any hydrocarbon product (fuels or lubricants or chemicals) sold by Z Energy.
Risk - The probability that a hazard may fulfil its potential.
Safety Plan A plan to identify and manage the hazards of a project. Such a plan is a mandatory requirement
Separator : A device installed on a drainage system to separate hydrocarbons from water, also called an Interceptor.
Site means any site that a Contractor is performing work on behalf of Z Energy on a fuel, lubricant, or chemical, dispensing or storage facility, whether or not Z Energy manage the site or facility.
Significant Hazard A hazard that is an actual or potential cause or source of serious harm.
Site Safety Control Register A register that may exist on sites that anybody visiting or undertaking work on that site must sign, acknowledging they have read and will comply with the safety procedures in effect on that site.
Sources of Ignition Any source of energy sufficient to ignite a flammable gas or flammable vapour.
Includes Hot Work, Static Electricity, or any appliance or equipment or task that can generate a spark, or a sufficiently hot surface in normal operation, or under a fault condition.
Subcontractor - see “Contractor” definition.
Tank Manhole An opening designed for persons to directly enter any tank (forbidden activity).
Tank Top Manway A ground level manway to access tank top riser fittings, but not directly the inside of the tank.
Toby Box A small ground level access cover to underground fittings.
Work Clearance – Work Clearance is a process used to ensure that all activities on site are undertaken with the knowledge and consent of the Site Operator.
Work Method Statement – A document detailing how a particular task is carried out and the applicable safety precautions. Work Method Statements are particularly suitable for developing standard procedures to undertake specific tasks.
Work Permit Any document issued to formally approve a work task and set conditions for that task. See Permit to Work.
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6 Contractors Safety and Environmental Plan
6.1
General
Safe working is dependent on correct planning.
Z Energy therefore requires that contractors prepare a documented safety plan whenever high or medium risk activities are involved or work is ongoing.
6.2
Hazard Identification, Severity Rating and Control methods.
As a minimum this plan shall include a formal method of hazard identification, and describe the methods required to address all hazards identified.
Preferably the plan should include a formal method of rating hazards by severity, and likelihood to determine significance. Hazard assessments should be updated through- out the course of the works.
6.3
Safe Work Method Statement/Job Safety Analysis
Such a method should include a system employing Safe Work Method Statement
(SWMS)/Job Safety Analysis (JSA)or similar instrument where individual tasks are subject to risk management and analysis to determine hazards, their significance and appropriate controls.
6.4
Approval and monitoring of Safety Plans
Pre-approval of safety plans and changes to the safety plan by Z Energy is mandatory for some high-risk activities and may be a general requirement.
Such approval does not remove from the contractor the obligation to continuously monitor such Safety Plans and if necessary modify such plans for changed conditions, or to address further hazards identified in the course of the works.
Any operative safety plan must be continuously available for inspection and should be checked periodically for compliance by both the contractor operating to the plan and by Z
Energy or its agent. External compliance agencies can also be expected to require such plans and monitor compliance.
The following checklist may be used as a guide by contractors to prepare a Safety Plan and by Z Energy to check the completeness of any such plan.
It should be noted that once petroleum products are delivered onto a new build site it becomes an active site and the safety requirements must change to reflect the additional hazards imposed.
6.5
Hazard Communication Process
Ensure that all identified hazards, preventive measure and controls addressed in JHA/HSSE cases are communicated effectively to trained sub-contractor workers who will perform and execute specific works at site (during tool box talks prior to assignment and sign-off for understanding of safety briefing).
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6.6
Safety Plan Checklist
Item Section
Health, Safety & Environment
Policy
Safety Plan
Work Clearance Forms
SWMS/JSA
Work using power tools 13 &14.2
Electrical work
Work at heights
Lifting operations
Confined space Entry
Excavations
Surface preparation & painting
Permitable activities
PTW
Manual
Potential Incident (PI) Reports
Aware of ‘Hazardous Areas’
Contractor Responsibility
Person in charge of work place
Site Safety Control Register
Incident Notification Path
Accidents Register
First Aid plan incl Direction
Map to Medical Facility
Fire/Evacuation plan
Spill Control Plan
Personal Protective
Equipment
Storage and use of hazardous substances
Material safety data sheets
Permits (among others)
Hot Work
Confined Space
Excavations
Live Electrical Work
Asbestos
Work at height
Crane Work
15.7
Rebuild, and upgrade projects on existing sites
Construction of new facilities on a new site
Required Checked Required Checked
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Site HSSE Guide for Construction and Maintenance
Rebuild, and upgrade projects on existing sites
Construction of new facilities on a new site
Item Section
Hazardous Substances 7.2, 7.3
10.11, 18
Demolition 10, 14.2,
15
7
Required Checked
Site Hazards Specific to Oil Industry Operations
Required Checked
7.1
General
All Contractors undertaking work at sites must be aware of the hazards of petroleum products stored and dispensed (petrol, diesel, LPG and Natural Gas) at such sites.
For new build projects, petroleum product may be present at the site for the last stages of construction. For upgrade and retankage projects, petroleum products may be continuously stored adjacent to the work area or on the site throughout the duration of work.
Where work is undertaken on an operating site, there exists an inherent conflict in bringing customers, suppliers and their vehicles on to the site and separating them from construction and maintenance works.
7.2
Specific Hazards Related to Petroleum Products
All hydrocarbon fuels are hazardous and can cause EXPLOSION or FIRE
Petroleum products are generally also TOXIC and ECOTOXIC
Fire and Explosion
Uncontained motor spirit, LPG and Natural Gas products can readily produce vapours that can result in an explosion/flammable mixture with air.
Vapours are generally colourless, invisible and have an odour, but it is not possible to tell by smell whether the concentration is within the flammable range.
Small quantities of vapour in air can form a flammable mixture, which can be ignited by an
IGNITION source.
Unconfined gases or uncontained vapours, excluding Natural Gas, are heavier than air and will readily collect in excavations, pits, drainage sumps, cellars and any low areas. Under still conditions, the dispersion of accumulated vapour may be slow. Natural Gas is lighter than air and can accumulate in any enclosed area that does not have high-level ventilation.
Confined Spaces/Toxic Hazards
Petroleum vapours in confined spaces can cause asphyxiation. Under no circumstances shall any confined space be opened, entered or cleaned without a valid Permit to Work. At lower concentrations, petroleum vapours irritate eyes and lungs and may cause nausea, headache and depression.
In addition, petrol may contain toxic lead compounds. Internal surfaces of tanks which have contained leaded product will be contaminated and must be treated as highly toxic, even after all the product has been removed. Similarly, any surface on which petroleum products have been spilled must be treated as toxic.
Other Hazards
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LPG can cause cold burns if the liquid is allowed to come into contact with skin. Uncontrolled discharges through valves can result in the valve freezing open.
7.3
Hazardous Areas, Risk of Fire or Explosion
Activities on sites where petroleum fuels are dispensed, stored, vented or used for other purposes are classified as hazardous areas. An approved system to classify hazardous areas shall be used to define where explosive gas mixtures may occur, and allow the proper selection of equipment and safe work procedures to be used.
Whilst some variation in classification designation occurs in such systems, they are generally similar to the following:
Zone 0 - An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is present continuously, or is expected to be present for long periods, or for short periods which occur with high frequency eg. inside tanks.
Zone 1 - An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere can be expected to occur periodically or occasionally during normal operation eg. product spillage, release of vapour fumes from forecourt dispenser.
Zone 2 - An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not expected to occur in normal operation and if it occurs is likely to be present only infrequently and for short duration.
Construction activities shall be minimised within the hazardous areas. Wherever possible, alternatives to hot work should be adopted and equipment taken out of the area for service.
Permits to Work are required for Hot Work performed within a Hazardous Area.
7.4
Road Tanker Unloading and Vehicle Refuelling
During normal refuelling operations on a site, either during road tanker deliveries or in vehicle refuelling, hydrocarbon (petroleum) vapours may be released. As a result of this, an explosive mixture at or above ground level and around the dispenser and vent pipes may be present.
When product is on site, contractors shall identify the position of the vents for the underground storage tanks. They are a major source of flammable vapour. Large amounts of flammable vapour may be released from tank vents when underground storage tanks are being filled by road tanker which may migrate to and accumulate in low lying areas. All Hot
Work must cease if a road tanker is on site.
Vehicle refuelling and construction work on a forecourt shall not be undertaken simultaneously unless a Permit to Work specifying safety requirements has been issued to authorise the work.
7.5
Additional Hazards on Operating Sites
A fuel dispensing site is subject to complex interaction between vehicles, pedestrians, and fixed obstructions. Construction and maintenance works increase the difficulties experienced on the site resulting in a heightened risk of collision and other accidents.
Site layout changes can disorientate regular visitors and site staff.
Construction work invariably reduces the space available for normal trade.
Barriers are essential to maintain segregation between works and the trade functions of the site.
It is essential to establish control responsibilities for each area of the site. Where areas overlap, then a formal process such as documented site meetings and the Work Clearance system is required between the responsible parties to ensure that safety is not compromised and the business needs of both parties are best met.
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8
Equipment and materials to be used, or removed from the site, shall be organised and stored in such a manner as to minimise hazard to customers, persons working on the site and the public in general.
Clear signage and barricades should be provided to indicate portions and driveways closed by such works and preferably to indicate vehicle and pedestrian paths through the site.
Active traffic management may be required particularly with trade and construction vehicles.
Consideration should be given to providing customers and regular visitors with advance notice of the works and the intended traffic arrangements. This can be by brochures and notices erected before works commence on the site.
At all times fill points must be made available outside the construction zone. If it is deemed necessary by the contractor that the fill points will require to be within the construction zone boundary then it is the responsibility of the contractor to notify Z Energy or its representatives prior to erection of site fencing. During this time the contractor will be required to assist in a managed fill. Fill points shall be made accessible at all times outside of normal construction times i.e. for night deliveries.
Permits to Work
8.1
General
The objectives of the Permit to Work System are:
to ensure the proper authorisation of non-routine medium and high risk work;
to make clear to the person(s) carrying out the work the hazards involved and precautions to be taken;
to verify an appropriate Safe Work Method Statement or Job Safety Analysis has been completed
to provide a record showing that the method of work and the precautions needed have been authorised by an appropriate person.
8.2
Work Clearance Form
A work clearance form shall be completed daily for all work on an operational site or where hydrocarbons are present.
This identifies the activities to be undertaken that day, identifies if there is a need for a Permit to Work and ensure the site representative is aware of works being undertaken.
Refer to PTW system for further Work Clearance Form requirements.
8.3
Permits to Work
Permits to Work requirements are detailed in the Permit to Work (PTW) Manual and attachments. These documents are available on the PTW website at the following link: http://z.co.nz/ptwinfo
Permits to Work will be issued for a specific activity.
Contact an Approved Permit Issuer to obtain a Permit to Work.
All the requirements stated in the Permit must be adhered to at all times by the contractor.
Strict Adherence to all conditions of any Permit to Work is mandatory.
The Contractor is responsible to see that all permits held are valid. Working without a valid permit, or non-compliance with the conditions of any permit is considered a serious breach of
Z Energy’s Safety Standards and may result in the Contractor being removed from the site.
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Site HSSE Guide for Construction and Maintenance
9
The person in control of the site, or any Company representative, has the right to revoke, temporarily or permanently, any Permit to Work.
Refer to the Permit to Work Specification for full details.
Responsibilities
9.1
General
Safe working is dependent on clearly defined responsibilities.
Contract documentation, should clearly state the responsibilities of all parties engaged in the work and the reporting relationships.
Contractors should be assessed prior to placement of any order to ensure that they have the skills and experience to discharge these responsibilities and should be monitored during the work to ensure compliance.
The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to ensure that the works are carried out in such a manner so as to actively minimise all hazards to the site, customers, staff and the general public. The contractor shall ensure all sub-contractors are aware of HSSE requirements and comply with them in full. During the execution of the work the Contractor shall assume responsibility for their work area.
The supervisor in charge of the work site has the responsibility to take all practicable steps to ensure that people in the workplace, and people in the vicinity of the work place, are not harmed by any hazard that is, or arises in the work area.
Intentional violation of HSSE requirements is not acceptable and appropriate consequence management will be applied if it occurs.
9.2
Contractors
Contractors have responsibility for their own safety performance. Z Energy will clearly communicate its safety requirements to the contractors, and may assist and guide them where necessary in the formulation and implementation of their site ‘Safety Plan’. Z Energy expects contractors to actively monitor their own performance against their safety plan and may ask for evidence of this monitoring. All contractors shall include in their safety plan
hazard identification checklists for their trade and site activities. (refer Clause 0)
Contractors shall use a risk assessment process as detailed in the PTW Manual to ensure that all hazards have been identified and assessed as to their potential risk and appropriate steps taken to effectively eliminate, isolate or minimise the risk from the identified hazard.
Contractors shall be responsible for providing all nominated personal protective equipment for their employees and for ensuring that all equipment brought onto the site is in a safe condition and suitable for use on a site which may contain petroleum products.
The contractor’s site supervisor (person in charge of the work place) shall be responsible for the safety of their employees and any subcontractors or suppliers including Company nominated contractors/suppliers.
Contractors shall ensure that all subcontractors are aware of the safety rules and procedures laid down for construction on Company sites. Z Energy’s policy on safety must be implemented in a manner that is enforceable.
9.3
Person in Control of the Work Place
Where a site has a number of contractors working, there shall be a clear hierarchy of site control. Generally there will be a Main Contractor who shall be responsible for controlling the workplace. The main contractor will have a site supervisor who will be responsible for
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Site HSSE Guide for Construction and Maintenance implementing an overall safety plan and controlling the site, including the coordination of other contractor activities on the site.
Generally, but not always, the Main Contractor will have been appointed by Z Energy, and therefore shall have overall responsibility to ensure full compliance with HSSE requirements.
Where the site is a functioning business, or other operation, then the legal occupier of the site has overall legal responsibility for controlling the site and may set additional safety requirements.
The person, or organization, in control of the workplace shall have the right to set conditions to ensure safety and security on the site and remove from the site any person found in breach of site rules or assessed as unfit to be on the site.
In all cases the applicable safety standard for any individual or contractor, undertaking work for Z Energy either directly, or indirectly, on a site, for any task, shall be the most rigorous of:
Any applicable Act, Government Regulation, By Law, Standard, or Code of Practice
The Main Contractors Site Safety Plan and rules.
Any HSSE conditions imposed by the legal occupier of the site.
Z Energy’s HSSE standards and procedures including the requirements to create, and work to, any safety plan or permit to work.
The Contractors or his/her Employers own safety standards and rules for the activity or site.
It is the responsibility of the person who is in control of the site to ensure adherence to safe working practices, as specified in any Safety Plan.
It should be noted that all safety contingencies might not be quoted. It is the responsibility of the person in control of the site to use their professional judgement to control the job safety and this document provides guidance only
9.4
Accident Reporting
All accidents and incidents shall be reported immediately to the person in control of the site, or to an immediate supervisor. In all instances Z Energy shall be notified of any serious harm or lost time injury accidents within 24 hours of the accident occurring.
All accidents shall be reported to appropriate authorities as required by law.
The Contractor is required to make and keep a written record of all incidents and accidents and make available such records to appropriate authorities and Z Energy upon request.
It is expected that any contractor undertaking work for Z Energy shall be pro-active in the reporting of Potential Incidents to Z Energy. Potential Incidents allow Z Energy to identify any potential patterns in site safety and resolve them before an incident occurs.
9.5
Site Visitor Register
A “Site Visitor Register” should be in existence on all work sites. This may be a function of an existing system, and may include a formal site induction process.
For new build sites such a register must be created.
This register must form a continuous and complete record of who is on site at any time as such a record is an essential component of the sites evacuation plan in the event of an emergency.
All personal, workers, visitors and Company representatives must be required to sign the register prior to entering the site.
In addition the purpose of such a register is to monitor the work undertaken and to record that appropriate safety briefings have been made and appropriate safety precautions are in place.
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Therefore such a register needs to include:
A description of the work to be undertaken, or reason for the visit.
An acknowledgement that the visitor has received notification of hazards, and agrees to abide by the safety requirements of the site and task.
Any special safety precautions.
9.6
Inspection Records
The contractor shall make and retain records of all safety inspections carried out on the site including equipment reports and excavation inspections and any audit reports.
10 Site Safety and Security Procedures
10.1
General
Site and workplace security is essential to maintain a safe site and methods required to achieve this are required as part of the ‘Safety Plan’.
10.2
Site and Workplace Security
Construction Sites shall be isolated to exclude the public.
Unless the works are of less than one day duration, or unless the works can be left overnight free from any significant hazards then a 1.8-metre high hard barrier fence shall be in place to isolate the construction site from the general public.
This barrier is always required on any contract that requires a site to be closed during the construction phase.
Within a construction site, significant hazards including any excavation shall be marked and barriered using at least a 1 metre high plastic mesh fence. Lesser temporary hazards may be marked and barriered using hazard warning tape.
All sites shall be assessed to identify any particular security considerations such as, criminal activity, proximity to playgrounds, schools, etc and security measures modified accordingly.
Site management and site staff are to be expected to challenge people entering the site or particular work area within the site, and ensure those persons have a valid reason for being there, they are appropriately clothed and equipped, and are aware of any immediate hazards.
Consideration shall be given to employing a watch person or security patrol where physical barriers may be inadequate.
Access controls and barriers shall reflect that building and demolition works at sites, may be an attraction and hazard to children.
The contractor shall take all reasonable steps to protect Z Energy’s property, and that of others on the site, from loss or damage.
10.3
Warning Signs
The contractor shall supply and display signs at all accessible work site perimeters stating as a minimum:
“Danger Construction Site No Unauthorised Entry”
The method that entry can be authorised.- for example; All visitors must report to the
Site Office and sign the Site Visitors Register prior to proceeding into the work area.
Any conditions that must be complied with before entry. For example, No smoking.
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Minimum personal protective equipment required for site entry.
Emergency contact details of the Contractor and Z Energy.
In addition, on a prominent place on the work site, the contractor shall place signage detailing the hazards that are present on the site and all mandatory site requirements.
Such a sign may employ a whiteboard or similar, so that the site management can enter hazards specific to certain dates and operations. In addition emergency procedures and the location of emergency equipment can also be displayed.
Further signage should be placed adjacent to any significant hazards and adjacent to emergency equipment and if applicable to indicate emergency exits.
Where works are being carried out on an active site, consideration should be given to providing signs to indicate driveways closed by the works and to indicate vehicle paths available.
All safety signs shall be clearly legible and shall preferably comply with recognised standards and use standard pictograms.
10.4
Traffic Management
The Site Safety Plan shall take into consideration the means required to get vehicles and materials in and out of the site, and the effects of such movements on passing traffic and pedestrians.
The contractor may be required to devise, implement and get approval for a Traffic
Management Plan, or may be required to operate under a Traffic Management Plan devised by others.
During earthmoving operations consideration must be given to the facilities and methods required to ensure vehicles do not deposit dirt or other materials on roadways.
Contractor's vehicles shall be parked offsite unless needed for a specific purpose. Vehicles parked offsite shall be positioned so as not to be a hindrance or cause an obstruction to the public.
Where the site is an active site the Traffic Management plan must be devised in consultation with the site operator.
10.5
Toilet & Washing Facilities
The contractor shall provide, or ensure that there is reasonably available suitable toilet and washing facilities, and that these facilities are kept clean, hygienic and provisioned.
10.6
Medical Attention and First Aid
The contractor shall ensure that an appropriately qualified first aider is available at all times and that an appropriate first aid kit is available. The Contractor shall identify the location of the nearest medical centre and record its phone number and directional map to the facility in an accessible location. The names of any first aid qualified people should be displayed clearly.
10.7
Fire/Evacuation
For all sites, contractors will ensure they are informed of the fire drill/evacuation procedures at the site and the position of all fire hydrants and extinguishers at the site prior to commencing work. Contractors will ensure that all staff and subcontractors are aware of them.
Whenever or wherever work is being undertaken, contractors shall supply and have on hand an efficient fire extinguisher suitable for the work area and work they are undertaking. In
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Smoking is prohibited in all areas within the site boundary. An area specifically nominated outside of the construction site and acceptable to Z Energy may be designated.
When product is on site, contractors shall identify the position of the vents for the underground storage tanks. They are a major source of flammable vapour. Large amounts of flammable vapour may be released from tank vents when underground storage tanks are being filled by road tanker which may migrate to and accumulate in low lying areas. All hot work must cease if a road tanker is on site and for a minimum of 30 minutes after a discharge is completed. Gas testing as required for the hot work permitted shall be undertaken before work recommences.
10.8
Spill Response
The contractor is required to maintain on site in a container labelled “Spill Kit” or similar, appropriate materials and equipment to deal with any reasonable spill event.
In the event of any spill the contractor shall take immediate steps to minimise the effects
This shall include:
Immediate containment and if possible, recovery.
Immediate notification to Z Energy and appropriate emergency response staff.
Provide full assistance to Emergency Response Staff
Reporting to Z Energy of the incident as per the call tree
The contractor shall provide reasonable assistance to any other parties on the site that suffers a spill event.
The above applies to spills of over 5ltrs only unless spill is directly to ground or over Z Energy’s boundary. In these cases all spills shall be reported.
10.9
Fitness to work
Refer to Z Energy’s Drug and Alcohol Policy
The contractor is to ensure that they do not enter the site, or allow access to anybody who is impaired by drugs, alcohol or their mental or emotional state or for any other reason that places themselves or others at risk.
The contractor shall not undertake any task, nor allow any person under their control to enter any area or undertake any task, for which they are unfit. This needs an assessment of the possible effects of any known medical conditions.
Some tasks like those involving the use of breathing apparatus or work at extreme heights require a more stringent consideration of medical conditions.
If anybody becomes concerned that the state of somebody else may impose an unacceptable risk performing a task or to being on the site, they shall take immediate steps to notify a responsible party or person to have the risk assessed, and if necessary having the person redeployed or removed from the site.
10.10
Personnel undertaking confined space entry works using breathing apparatus shall be subject to a medical check annually that confirms they are able to undertake this work. Standard of Dress and Personal Protective Equipment
Appropriate clothing and personal protective equipment must always be worn.
All personal protective equipment shall be in good condition and comply with relevant
Standards.
High visibility clothing is mandatory
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Cotton overalls are recommended either under a high visibility vest or incorporating high visibility elements.
Safety footwear must be worn.
Safety helmets (hard hats) must be worn at all times on designated construction sites
Safety helmets must be worn whenever work or an activity is taking place above the work area, including pit entry, and any lifting operation.
Eye/face protection must be worn when undertaking operations where ever there is an eye or face hazard
This includes any operations that could generate radiation, sparks, fragments, dust and liquid splashes or spray.
Hearing protection must be worn wherever there is a noise hazard. This includes undertaking, or being adjacent to any concrete sawing, breaking and grinding operations and most power tool operation.
Dust masks or respirators must be worn whenever there is a dust or grit hazard.
Appropriate gloves and protective clothing when handling sharp objects or hazardous liquids.
Full length clothing is mandatory whilst fuel is present on site.
T-shirts and shorts shall be acceptable on site on agreement with Z Energy.
It is the contractors responsibility to manage all aspects of personal protective clothing and to ensure that all contractors on site are employing the correct clothing for the tasks being undertaken.
10.11
Storage, Use, or Contact with Hazardous Materials including Chemicals and Asbestos
Storage and use of any Hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the law. The contractor shall be familiar with the requirements of any such laws.
All storage tanks or containers of petroleum products, chemicals and corrosives must be clearly labelled indicating the nature of the contents. If necessary barricade or tape off areas where these are stored.
Material Safety Data Sheets should be held by the contractor for all hazardous substances held or used at the site.
All areas where hazardous substances are stored or used or present must be clearly marked as such.
If Asbestos materials are suspected or known to be on the site then appropriate precautions must be taken. If in any doubt then an asbestos survey should be carried out prior to commencing demolition to ensure clear identification of where asbestos is present.
If while work is being carried out and contractors suspect/uncover asbestos all work in that area is to be stopped immediately until an asbestos survey has been conducted and appropriate precautions determined.
Any Works involving contact with Asbestos products must be carried out in accordance with law and require a Permit to Work.
Any building suspected or known to have been built and/or modified prior to 1980 may have lead based paint. If in any doubt testing of surfaces should be undertaken prior to commencing demolition and if positive appropriate precautions taken.
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10.12
External Conditions, Weather, Lighting, and Off Site Activities
The contractor shall monitor and take account of the effects of external conditions and their impact on the site and tasks.
Internal combustion engines shall be located downwind of work areas and the wind direction monitored to ensure exhaust fumes remain clear of work areas.
The contractor shall secure equipment and materials from movement by wind.
High Winds affect the safety of lifting operations and working at height.
Rain may destabilise excavations.
Dry cold conditions are conducive to static electricity build up.
Low temperatures, particularly combined with wind, may lead to loss of coordination and impaired judgement.
High temperatures raise the fire danger and can cause heat stress and dehydration, which may cause loss of coordination and impaired judgement.
High temperatures may accelerate the release of hydrocarbon vapours from product contaminated soil.
Electrical storms pose a hazard to product transfer operations and work in the open.
Poor lighting contributes to collision and fall hazards.
Events, such as rubbish burning, on an adjacent site may impact on the safety of some tasks.
11 Notifiable Work
Some Authorities require advance notification of some hazardous operations or tasks.
The contractor shall be familiar and comply with all such requirements.
12 Gas Free Area, Hot Work and Ignition Sources
12.1
General
To allow construction works to be undertaken safely, the Engineer shall designate a gas free area.
Any area that is not gas free is a Hazardous Area.
Locate all non-flameproof engine or motor driven equipment upwind of potential vapour sources.
Site hazardous area drawings are available on all sites identifying hazardous zones on site. If these are not available on site these areas shall be as per the Permit to Work designated areas including but not limited to:
dispensing pumps
vents
tank dip points
fill points
any excavations or trenches
8 metres at least from any:
motor spirit dispensing pump
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LPG dispenser
LPG pumpset
LPG cylinder filling area.
4 metres horizontally from any tank vent
10 metres to any LPG bulk storage vessel.
Any areas deemed to be hazardous due to construction activities.
12.2
Sources of Ignition
Sources of ignition includes any Hot Work, and Static Electricity
Sources of ignition typically include:-
welding or flame cutting equipment match, naked light, cigarette, cigarette lighter, flame or spark
grinders, electric drills, electric lamps, and all other non-flameproof electrical equipment including its connecting electrical cables
hot tapping equipment
spark ignition engines or non-approved compression ignition engines
hand tools that may create a spark
Operation of UPP thermal welding equipment
The use of any battery powered electrical device that is not certified for operation inside a hazardous zone. This includes phones, pagers, radios, cameras etc.
Un-bonded hoses and nozzles during product transfer.
Un-bonded and non grounded tank cleaning equipment
Concrete saws and grinders
Synthetic clothing and vehicle upholstery may present a static electricity hazard.
No person shall take into, or operate, any source of ignition into a hazardous area without the equipment being specifically approved and listed, with any limitations to use, and required precautions, on a Permit to Work
Only approved flashlights approved for use in a hazardous area may be used inside the hazardous areas.
12.3
Static Electricity
Any operation that causes friction may generate static electricity. This includes product transfers. Any hoses or equipment in contact with hydrocarbon products during product transfer shall be bonded and earthed or grounded so the maximum resistance to earth is:
1M for components that have an electrical resistance greater than or equal to 1M ; and
10M , for components that have an electrical resistance of between 10 and 1M .
12.4
Hot Work
Hot Work shall not be carried out in or adjacent to any hazardous area unless a gas test has been carried out using an approved flammable gas test meter by an Authorised Gas Tester.
The area or site shall be certified free of flammable vapours and gases and a “Hot Work
Permit” issued by a Permit Issuer.
Appropriate barricades shall be put in place to control access to the hot work area.
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A temporary gas/vapour tight barrier fence may be required in some circumstances to exclude vapours from the work area.
A fully charged fire extinguisher (9kg Minimum dry powder) must always be stationed within easy reach in the work area where Hot Work is involved. This shall be checked visually on a weekly basis and re-charged after use.
Whilst Hot Work operations are in progress ‘no fill’ discs should be placed in all fill points. An alternative is to lock the fill points.
If required by the “Hot Work permit” a fire watch shall be maintained for the duration of the works.
12.5
Gas Test
The atmosphere in and around the work area shall be tested to confirm it is gas free before any Hot Work can commence.
Prior to undertaking gas tests the gas tester shall be checked against a calibrated gas to ensure it is working satisfactorily.
Gas tests shall be carried out to confirm the entire work and adjacent areas are “flammable gas free”.
Tests shall be repeated at regular intervals while work is in progress as per the Permit to Work requirements. Continuous monitoring of the work area for flammable vapours is required for some tasks.
Re-testing shall be carried out after every work break before work commences.
12.6
Welding, Gas Cutting, Grinding and Soldering
12.6.1
General
Goggles or face shields or protective glasses shall be worn when burning, welding, riveting, grinding or striking metal.
All persons employed as assistants to a welder, or those who have to work near the welding point, shall wear suitable eye protective glasses or goggles.
Care should be taken to ensure that falling sparks and welding slag do not fall or travel into a
Hazardous Zone where flammable vapours may be present.
All welding operations in the open air and close to others shall be suitably screened to prevent eye injury, ingress of wet weather and to contain flying sparks
A fire extinguisher must always be stationed within easy reach when ‘Hot Work' is being done.
The work area must be free from all flammable or loose combustible material. Any oil spillages should be cleaned up and the area sanded.
Industrial overalls and appropriate eye protection are required by persons engaged in welding, and cutting operations. Gloves or gauntlets must be worn by persons engaged in arc welding, as protection against shock, burns and radiation burns.
12.6.2
Welding Equipment
All oxygen and acetylene equipment must be fitted with `flashback' arresters that are marked as being made to a recognised standard.
Oxygen and acetylene cylinders (full or empty) must be kept upright in a proper rack that will prevent them falling over. Hoses must be in a good condition and free from leaks.
Oxy-acetylene hoses and electrical welding cables shall be placed in such a manner that they will not be subjected to heavy objects striking them or vehicles running over them.
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Arc welding cables must be in good condition and where they must cross pipelines, etc, a suitable insulated bridge must be used to prevent contact. Earth wire must be direct to the machine and must be positioned as close as is practicable to the job. No arc welding is allowed in the rain or if welding personnel, welding machine or the work is wet.
Gas cylinders and hoses should always be located as to be safe from falling sparks and welding slag. This applies especially to work done above ground level with cylinders located on the ground.
Any defective welding or cutting equipment must always be removed immediately from the site for repair.
13 Plant with internal combustion engines
Internal combustion engines are a source of ignition.
Plant using internal combustion engines should be located outside hazardous areas and may only be operated inside such areas with a valid hot work permit and gas free certificate.
Internal combustion engines are a source of carbon monoxide and oxygen deprivation and therefore shall be located downwind of where people are working and both oxygen levels and carbon monoxide levels may be required to be checked by an Authorised Gas Tester.
Internal combustion engines may constitute a noise hazard. Such plant shall only be operated if fitted with an effective silencer even then personal hearing protection may be required by persons in the proximity.
All moving and rotating components require effective machine guards.
Plant shall be located, or protected such that people are protected from contacting hot surfaces.
14 Electrical Tools and Electrical Works
14.1
Temporary lighting
Temporary lighting should be located outside of hazardous areas. Temporary lighting required to be installed above any Hazardous Zone requires that the lamp be fully enclosed
Temporary lighting within any hazardous area must be of a type approved for the zone
(Flameproof) and requires the issue of a Permit to Work.
14.2
Electrical Tools and Equipment
14.2.1
Standards
All electrical equipment, including portable equipment (for use outside of and within hazardous zones) shall comply with:
AS/NZS 3012 Electrical installations construction and demolition sites
AS/NZS 3760 In-service safety inspection and testing of electrical equipment
AS/NZS 2381 Electrical equipment for explosive gas atmospheres
14.2.2
Requirements
All electrical equipment, including portable equipment (for use outside of and within hazardous zones) shall be approved and certified to comply with relevant regulations. Where no such regulations exist then the equipment shall be approved and certified to an appropriate and recognised international standard.
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Electrical equipment shall have name plates showing compliance with an approved flameproof or intrinsically safe standard and shall be approved for use by the Engineer before being taken into any area that has not been tested as Gas Free.
All electric tools with insulating handsets must be in good condition with no damage to the insulation.
All electrically driven hand tools shall be double insulated and shall be clearly marked indicating compliance with an approved standard.
Personnel operating electrically driven power tools and other portable appliances shall be protected by an RCD (residual current device).
All extension leads shall comply with the following requirements:
they shall carry a test certificate issued by an approved electrical inspector issued within the last twelve months or any lesser period dictated by law.
the outer sheath and all plugs and connectors shall be intact and in good condition i.e. no sign of damage or repair by splicing a cut cord back together
they shall be in one continuous length;
they shall contain an earth continuity conductor;
they shall be of the shortest practical length to suit the application;
they shall be fitted with high impact industrial type plugs and connections;
they shall have flexible conductors.
they shall be rated for the maximum current of the connected load.
they shall be protected against all vehicular and pedestrian traffic
All test equipment shall be purpose built for testing and inspection and be approved by the relevant Regulatory Authority.
14.3
Electrical Work including Telecommunications and Cathodic Protection Systems
Electrical/telecommunication works shall comply in all respects with the provisions of all statutory requirements and codes of practice.
Work shall only be undertaken by personal holding all the appropriate licences and registration. All persons working on electrical equipment shall be familiar with rescue and resuscitation procedures for electrical shock.
Persons working on electrical services and equipment shall familiarise themselves with the general electrical and communications layout including locations of isolation points and any available documentation before commencing work.
A Permit To Work is required for:-
Hot Work in a Hazardous Area
Entry into a Confined Space including trenches and pits.
Any work involving work on, or within the same enclosure as any conductors or equipment still connected to an electrical supply.
No electrical work shall be undertaken on any equipment within a hazardous area unless the equipment has been effectively isolated from the electrical supply.
No electrical equipment is to be worked on, disconnected or removed unless the following actions have been taken,
Firstly isolate from all possible sources of supply by the following means:
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Switch off and Lock off circuit isolator and retain key in possession (at some sites the
Contractor will have to provide their own padlocks for switches fitted with lockable isolators) or if this is not possible,
Switch off and Lock off main isolator and retain key in possession or if this is not possible Withdraw the relevant fuses.
Earth/Grounding connections shall be applied to cables and overhead lines.
Secondly Tag isolators with details of the Date and Time, Contractor name and contact details, and work being undertaken.
It is necessary to isolate and tag communications circuits as well as power circuits when working on petroleum dispensing pumps.
Ensure site operator is made aware of all circuits isolated and tagged out.
Finally test all contacts with approved mains tester to confirm power has been removed
All electrical systems should be assumed as “live” until tested and proved isolated.
Where possible circuits should only be re-energised by the person who performed the isolation. Where this is not possible some procedure of “handover” should be in place between the person who placed the isolation and the person who withdraws the isolation.
Note – where multiple parties are working on the same circuit, to prevent reenergizing the circuit while others are still working on it use a multiple locking device. This allows locks to be removed as each party completes their work, but will not allow the circuit to be reenergized until all locks are removed.
14.4
Additional requirements for work on Cathodic Protection Systems
No work shall be undertaken on any Cathodic Protection system unless the person working on the system is familiar with the system, or has received site-specific instructions from the
Cathodic Protection maintenance contractor.
No work shall be undertaken on any Cathodic Protection system without the knowledge of the Cathodic Protection maintenance contractor.
No work shall be undertaken on any Cathodic Protection system until the power supply or sacrificial anodes have been isolated at the test station or supply point.
14.5
Additional requirements for work on Live Equipment
Work on live equipment must be avoided or if unavoidable then only carried out if the following additional precautions are in place:
A Permit to Work has been issued and is in force
at least two persons must be present.
shield any bare live circuits terminals, conductors and busbars with plastic covers
supply and wear 1000V insulating gloves
supply and stand on rubber mat (1000mm x 1000mm)
wear clothing to cover arms from shoulders to wrists
remove all watches, rings and other metal objects from arms
place warning signs and barriers as necessary to prevent others from approaching the activity
The person shall wear an approved harness and non-conductive safety line fastened to prevent a fall towards the live equipment.
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15 Working At Heights and Lifting Operations.
15.1
General
Work at Height shall comply with Z Energy WAH Policy.
The WAH policy covers working where there is a possibility of a fall of 1.8m or more, or if working within 2m of the edge of a possible fall.
Falls are a major cause of workplace injuries and fatalities therefore work at height is generally subject to specific government regulation. In all cases the more stringent of the applicable law or government regulation or Z Energy’s requirements will apply.
Minimum requirements in order of application are:
Avoid work at height where possible. This may be achievable by adopting different methods or design.
Where work at height is unavoidable use work equipment or other measures to prevent falls, and where the risk of fall cannot be eliminated, use work equipment or other measures to minimise the distance and consequences of a fall should one occur.
Any work place (this includes temporary structures such as scaffolds and mobile plant) that involves a risk of a fall of more than 1.8 metres (or any lesser height stipulated by Law) requires that effective means are provided to prevent harmful falls. The preferred method is a handrail or guard rail.
This requirement is applicable to ground level work places adjacent to any bank, or excavation.
Any guard/hand rail used shall consist of a top rail, at least 900mm – 1100mm above -the height the persons feet are working at, a mid rail and on all scaffolds, toe boards shall be in place.
Guard/hand rail shall be sufficiently strong to prevent failure under conceivable events; e.g. to prevent a person from falling.
Where it is impracticable to use guard/hand rails then a fall restraint system must be used.
Such a system shall employ an approved harness and lanyard and must be attached either directly to a structure or fitting robust enough to accept the imposed load of a person falling, or via a lifeline located such that the fall distance is minimised and the lifeline and its attachments and supporting structure are adequate to accept the load required to arrest a fall.
The anchoring structure must be such that an application of a 1500kg static load on the point of attachment does not cause a deflection greater than 1mm.
A rescue plan must be in place that ensures that if a person falls and is suspended they are rescued within 6-20 minutes.
Any building or demolition work must be performed in a manner that avoids the likelihood of:
Objects falling on to people, on or off site;
Objects falling on property off site;
Other hazards arising on the site affecting people off the site and other property;
Suitable construction methods shall be used to avoid the likelihood of tools or materials falling on to places where people might be present.
Suitable barriers and/or signs and enforcement shall be provided to exclude people from the area at risk from objects or materials falling. This may involve providing a safe alternative route to the public.
All working at heights activities and equipment shall comply with AS/NZS 1891.
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15.2
Additional Requirements where there is risk of a fall exceeding 5 metres
Refer to Section 11 for any task that involves risk of a fall of 5 metres or more.
15.3
Work on Roofs
Before anybody accesses any roof except when the access is confined to a recognised trafficable area then a hazard assessment is required.
The assessment shall include:
A determination that the roof will support the intended load.
The locations, if any, of any fragile surfaces such as skylights that will require extra care and precautions.
Any contamination hazard, particularly asbestos, that requires additional precautions.
The effects of weather, particularly moisture creating slippery surfaces, and wind capable of dislodging people and materials
The effects of materials present, or being used, to elevate a slip hazard.
The means of providing access to the roof for people and materials.
The need for a fall restraint system if working near the edge of the roof
15.4
Work on Sloping Surfaces including Sloping Roofs
Sloping elevated surfaces such as roofs and tank tops are particularly hazardous.
The slope increases the likelihood of slips followed by falls. Additional precautions are required to ensure a fall on the surface is not followed by a fall from the surface.
Unsecured tools and materials create a hazard below.
Work on sloping surfaces such as painting may require specialised equipment, such as roof ladders, or specialised techniques such as abseiling. Should the need for any of this specialised equipment be required the contractor shall obtain authorisation from the
Engineer.
15.5
Work near overhead wires
Overhead power lines are a hazard.
Electricity should always be treated with respect, especially when working near power lines.
To protect people and property, minimum safe clearances from power lines have been established in regulations under the New Zealand Electrical Code of Practice for Electrical
Safety Distances (NZECP 34:2001). These shall be complied with in all respects.
No ladder shall be placed near any overhead power wire such that:
1.
A person on a ladder could contact such a wire, and
2.
If the ladder was to fall it could contact such a wire.
No part of a crane or other mechanical plant or suspended load used in the vicinity of overhead power lines shall be brought closer than 4 metres from any power line without the written consent and isolation by the power line owner. An observer shall monitor the use of cranes or plant in the vicinity of power lines at all times to ensure separation requirements are being met.
Where any authorities allow for any reduced distances subject to specified conditions, then a specific Permit to Work is required.
Where overhead powerlines are in close proximity to a scaffold or ladder, the following clearances should be observed:
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Height
4 metres
Clearances where any metal material is being handled or metal equipment, including ladders and scaffolding is being used
1.5 metres Where only non-conductive material such as dry timber is being handled.
Where overhead powerlines are in close proximity to cranes and mobile plant, the following clearances should be observed:
Voltage
132,000V or less
Minimum Approach Distance
3 metres
Over 132,000V but 330,000V or less
Above 330,000V
6 metres
8 metres
In calculating these distances the following factors should be considered:
The sag of the overhead powerlines.
The swing of the load during handling.
The effect of wind forces.
If the minimum safe approach distances cannot be maintained the relevant electricity power supply authority must be contacted and a written risk assessment and safe system of work developed. A safety observer should also be present to observe the position of the plant tools or materials and to warn workers that they are approaching the proximity of the overhead powerlines.
15.6
Chains, Slings and Lifting Gear
All lifting equipment and lifelines shall be inspected and examined for mechanical or chemical damage prior to every use. Defective equipment must be repaired or replaced.
Lifting chains and slings shall be marked with their safe working load. This must never be exceeded.
Slings shall be protected from sharp edges when lifting.
The selection and arrangement of load slings shall be undertaken by a competent person to ensure that loads are secure and correctly slung. Care must be taken to ensure that slings and lifting attachments are not overloaded. The angle between slings must not exceed 90 0.
Rope slings should never be used for lifting structural steel.
Leather gloves should be worn when handling steel wire.
15.7
Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear
All cranes, lifting appliances and rigging equipment shall be suitable for the work being undertaken and shall have current certificates from the appropriate regulatory authorities or an approved testing centre. Personnel operating cranes shall be suitably experienced and qualified. At no time shall a crane be left unattended with a suspended load.
The area of operation around equipment shall be cordoned off to prevent access by unauthorised pedestrians and vehicles. This is to include the area around and behind the equipment when the equipment turns while in operation.
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If overhead work is being carried out that presents a hazard to personnel below, appropriate precautions shall be in place to ensure that personnel do not enter the area below the work location. All persons engaged in or working within 15m of any lifting operations must wear safety helmets. All structures must be vacated where loads are being lifted over such structure. The crane operator and the site foreman are responsible for confirming vacancy of structures. No suspended load shall be lifted over pedestrians and/or contractors.
Crane drivers and their assistants are responsible for the operation of their cranes, and it is their duty to see that no person is permitted to ride the crane, or work, or pass under the boom while it is in operation.
Excavators, loaders and combined excavator loaders may be used as cranes in connection with work directly associated with an excavation provided the machine has approval for such use.
The approval may only be issued by a competent person, appointed by the owner of the machine, who must specify the safe working load (free on wheels or with outriggers fully extended) for each length, or construction of jib or boom.
The safe working load must be the same for all radii at which the jib or boom is operated, and must not be greater than the load the machine can safely lift in its least stable configuration.
The safe working load must be clearly marked on the machine, or a copy of the tables of safe working loads bearing the identification number of the machine must be clearly visible in the cab.
In the case of hydraulically operated machines, a condition of exemption is that these machines should be fitted with check valves or other devices to prevent the gravity fall of the load in the event of hydraulic failure.
Chains or slings for lifting must not be placed on or around the teeth of the bucket. Lifting gear may only be attached to a purpose made point on the machine.
Guide ropes shall be used where necessary to control items being lifted.
15.8
Ladders, Trestles, Scaffolds, Mobile Scaffolds. Mobile Platforms (cherry pickers)
15.8.1
General
Refer to AS/NZS 1576.1:2010 Scaffolding, AS/NZS 4576-1995 Guidelines for scaffolding
Duty Class
Light Duty
Medium Duty
Heavy Duty
Approx max total load for persons and materials kg/platform/bay
225
450
675
Approx maximum mass of any single concentrated load
Kg
100
150
200
Min length & width of platform mm
450
900
1 000
Any equipment used to gain access to heights must be:
Suitable for the purpose
Positioned safely.
Effectively protected from collision, and be provided with effective means to warn and prevent people from passing beneath such equipment when in use.
This may be by a combination of one or more of the following:
signs,
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safety cones,
safety fences or safety tape
A watch person employed to watch and direct people and vehicles from the hazard area.
Any equipment used to access heights and any equipment used at heights shall be stable and secured against falling including
Sole plates must be used on soft ground.
Any wheels must be locked, and fixed legs secured from sliding
Any outriggers provided shall be deployed and locked
Any tools and materials used at heights shall be provided with a means to prevent those falling
900mm-1100mm high fall protection guard/hand rail comprising a top rail, middle rail and toe board must be provided on any Work platform where a fall of more than 1.8 metres is possible.
Refer to Section 15.2 for when working more than 5m from the ground.
15.8.2
Ladders
Use, Construction and Inspection should comply with recognised Standards.
Must be free of damage and defects and subject to periodic inspection.
Working from ladders is only permitted when undertaking maintenance activities and if the lowest point where the person is standing or sitting at work is less than 1.8m with the potential fall being less than 1.8m.
When working on a construction project, working from ladders is not permitted without the written approval of the Engineer. Stand alone ladders shall be permitted for access purposes only.
It is essential that contractors performing works at height complete a thorough risk assessment to ensure that the choice of equipment is suitable for the task at hand. A-frame or multipurpose ladders must only be used as a last resort when there are no alternatives higher up in the hierarchy of control available and approved by the Engineer.
A-frame or multi-purpose ladders may be used provided they are stable. Stability can be achieved by either using the ladder on a level surface, having a second person foot the ladder or by securing the ladder to a fixed object.
Access ladders shall be positioned on a firm level base with an angle of 1unit horizontal to between 4 to 6 units vertical and extend 1metre minimum beyond the step off point.
Access ladders shall be secured at the top by tying off to a stable structure or anchor point and restrained from slipping at the bottom.
Access ladders are only to be used for providing temporary access to other levels..
3 points of contact shall be maintained whilst using any ladder.
15.8.3
Trestles
Use of trestles is forbidden on Company sites.
15.8.4
Scaffolds
Refer to AS/NZS 4576-1995 Guidelines for scaffolding
All scaffolds, and scaffolding shall comply fully with approved regulations, or standards.
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All scaffolding must be erected, altered and dismantled by competent workers under proper supervision.
Persons who erect or alter any scaffold, any part of which is more than 4 metres from the ground or any suspended scaffold must hold an appropriate certificate of competency.
Scaffolding of which is more than 4 meters shall require scaffold tags and shall require a scaffold register to be held on site with information of inspection for the scaffold.
All scaffolds should be erected complete with a top rail, at least 1metre above floor level, a mid rail and toe boards.
15.8.5
Additional requirements for unpowered mobile scaffolds
They shall only be used on firm level surfaces.
When in use the castors shall be turned outwards and locked.
Scaffolds must not be ridden on whilst in motion.
The shall be fitted with internal access ladders
All other requirements as outlined above shall be adhered to.
15.8.6
Requirements for powered mobile scaffolds and powered mobile platforms
They must comply with, and be operated in accordance with any regulations or approved standards.
All such equipment must be inspected and tested within the last six months and have certificate of compliance.
The contractor shall ensure that a rescue plan is in place before the use of any powered mobile scaffolds/platforms.
15.9
Manual Handling/Lifting
The Contractor shall undertake and provide training in lifting techniques and all manual handling tasks to identify and minimise risks of manual handling and lifting operations
16 Entry into a Confined Space
16.1
General
Any entry into a confined space requires a Permit to Work. Any confined space that requires gas testing for flammable gases, oxygen content or toxic gases requires a Permit to.
Permits to Work will be issued by an authorised Permit Issuer after completion of a Safe Work
Method Statement (SWMS).
The SWMS Analysis shall include consideration of
Oxygen Depletion
Oxygen Enrichment, (Possible adjacent to welding, soldering, gas cutting operations)
Flammable Vapours
Toxic Fumes including Hydrogen Sulphide and Carbon Monoxide
Contaminants and Biological Organisms
Biocides
Pyrophoric substances (Self Igniting) that may be present in material removed from
LPG storage.
Effective exclusion of vehicles and people away from the work area
Access and egress to the work area
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Provision of Lighting
Emergency notification and rescue preparations.
Provision of first aid
Structural and Ground Stability
Prevention and /or mitigation of falls
These include entry into any underground tank, sewer pit greater than 1.25 metres deep or where any part or the pit including the entry way is less than 1.2 metres in diameter.
Entry includes entry by any part of the head or torso of a person.
Pits and excavations may collect carbon monoxide from motor powered plant or passing motor vehicles, particularly if they are adjacent to roads and driveways subject to queuing.
Any confined space that has or could contain hydrocarbons may be oxygen deficient, or oxygen enriched, or may contain hydrogen sulphide gas (from geothermal activity or sewage) or may contain carbon monoxide, shall be tested by an Authorised Gas Safety Tester and a gas free certificate issued before entry.
Where gas testing is required then there shall be continuous monitoring while the confined space is occupied.
Unless a reading of less than 0% LEL is obtained then no entry is permissible without approved breathing apparatus, harness and lifeline. Entry is totally prohibited if there is more 5%LEL or if the gas testing equipment indicates an oxygen or hydrogen sulphide or carbon monoxide alarm condition.
Generally all work within a confined space requires the use of an approved harness, lifeline and a second person to initiate rescue by calling for help in the event of an emergency. Depending on the confined space it may be necessary to use a tripod and lifting equipment to extract an unconscious person from the space.
Provision has to be made for safe access and emergency egress from the confined space.
16.2
Work in Tank Top Manway Risers
Manways are often located in areas exposed to traffic. Effective barriers and signs must be positioned to provide protection.
Hazards include oxygen depletion, flammable vapours and carbon monoxide
16.3
Tank Top Manway Risers with an Open Tank Manhole.
No person shall work in any tank top manway riser with an open tank manhole unless absolutely necessary.
Specific Authority shall be obtained from Z Energy to carry out this activity and a Permit to
Work is required.
16.4
Entry into fuel storage tanks
This is inherently hazardous and is to be avoided unless absolutely necessary.
Specific Authority shall be obtained from Z Energy to carry out this activity and a Permit to
Work is required.
16.5
Underground drainage chambers including Oil/Water Separators, manholes and grease traps
Hazards include oxygen depletion, flammable vapours/gas, hydrogen sulphide carbon monoxide and biological organisms.
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Gas testing and certification is required for Oxygen, Flammable gases and hydrogen sulphide
Breathing apparatus or respirators may be required.
Clothes and skin may get contaminated by biological organisms requiring provisions for workers to shower and change clothes.
Manholes are often located in areas exposed to traffic. Effective barriers and signs must be positioned to provide protection.
16.6
Excavations that are entered are classified as a confined space
See also Section 17.3 Excavations Requiring a Permit to Work
Any work within any excavation more than 1.5 metres deep, or any task in an excavation that requires the head being below ground level is a confined space. This includes work in any tank
pit or separator excavation.
Gas testing is required for work in any excavation that passes through, or is adjacent to any hazardous area, or if hydrocarbon residues are encountered, or if indications of hydrogen sulphide is encountered, or if carbon monoxide may be present from internal combustion engines.
A gas break/vapour barrier, may be used, if directed by the Permit Issuer, to exclude any petroleum vapours from entering the work area
Entry into any excavation for a tank or underground drainage structure or trench that presents a burial or engulfment hazard shall be minimised and shall be certified by a geotechnical engineer or other such qualified person and supervised by a competent person.
Where work is undertaken in any excavation precautions are required to minimise the risk to people of ground collapse and unintended movement of objects within the excavation.
Objects placed within an excavation must always be sufficiently secured to prevent unintended movement creating a crush hazard. This may require placement of chocks and/or separation fenders.
17 Excavations
17.1
General
Excavation works shall comply in all respects with the provision of any statutory requirements or codes of practice
Underground energy services, electricity, gas and fuel lines are a hazard to any excavation operation.
The disruption of other underground services such as water, telephone, sewage and storm water may incur substantial costs.
Prior to any excavation work the contractor shall:
First ascertain, as far as practicable, location and nature of underground services likely to be affected by the excavation, and
Take such steps as may be necessary to prevent danger to workmen or unnecessary interruption of any such services.
Confirm with the local utilities (power, gas, water, sewer, telecommunications, etc) the whereabouts of any known services within the area of the excavation and agree on any procedures to uncover these services.
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Carry out a grid scan of the area to be excavated with a cable locater to check positions of known services and to identify unknown services.
Test and confirm all services found during excavation to be dead before removal.
The Engineer where possible will provide underground service plans of the site, although the information given on the plans provided, is supplied in good faith it is not necessarily either complete or totally accurate.
The contractor is required to locate and mark all services prior to commencing excavation
The contractor shall hand dig to locate known services.
Should any damage be done to any underground or overhead services, the Contractor shall immediately notify effected parties and arrange without delay, with the appropriate
Authority, to make good and to repair it.
All excavations shall be barricaded and unauthorised persons kept clear of such areas.
Vehicular traffic and heavy equipment shall be segregated from excavations. All excavations in areas exposed to traffic shall be clearly identified at night with flashing warning lights. All spoil should be removed from public areas.
The contractor shall prior to commencing physical works assess the area to be excavated and identify as far as practically possible the effects of the excavation on surrounding area, land features and/or structures including the effects of any falling/rolling debris. Should this assessment identify any impact on surrounding areas the contractor shall be responsible for taking all necessary pre-cautions to minimise impact.
In all cases where excavation takes place on slopped land intermediate fencing shall be erected around the excavation to prevent any falling debris rolling outside of the excavation area.
In all cases on sites with underground LPG pipework the pipework shall be depressurised and nitrogen filled prior to any excavation works commencing.
17.2
Contaminated Material
Excavated material may be contaminated, particularly with hydrocarbons but also if landfills are encountered other hazardous materials such as asbestos.
Any such contamination shall be immediately reported to the Engineer to determine further action.
17.3
Excavations Requiring a Permit to Work
A Permit to Work is required for the following excavation activities:
All excavations more than 1.5 metres deep
Any excavation in which a person is required to perform any task that requires his head to be below surface level.
Precautions are also required to minimise the risk of ground collapse
These may include
Removal of water from the base of any excavation or pit or trench
Providing sufficient batter to achieve stability. This will require expert assessment.
Bracing, shoring, piling or anchoring the face.
Any system of battering, bracing, shoring or piling shall be subject to a formal design check by a competent engineer before installation and regular checks to verify stability.
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Excavations near the foundations of any adjacent structure require a formal assessment by a competent engineer to determine the risk to that structure and appropriate precautions. No excavation should encroach within a 45 deg angle from the bottom of any foundation without such assessment.
A competent engineer shall be responsible for the design of all excavations and shall examine all excavations, daily before work starts and continuously if a collapse would cause immediate danger to anyone.
A daily diary recording of the examinations shall be kept.
For surfaces more than 1 metre above or below ground level access shall be provided by means of:
Properly set Ladders or
Properly constructed stairways or ramps.
18 Surface Preparation and Painting
18.1
General
The processes used and materials involved in preparing surfaces for painting and the application of paint require comprehensive hazard identification and control methods.
The required safety hazard identification and control methods should be an integral part of any paint preparation and application specification.
Such specifications should either be provided by Z Energy, or should be forwarded to Z
Energy for approval prior to commencement of work.
“On Site” abrasive blasting and spray painting requires approval from the Engineer.
Any such specification should be based on legal requirements and any approved codes of practice as well as the Material Safety Data Sheets for all products intended to be used.
18.2
Surface Preparation
This is a process of removing contaminants from the existing surfaces.
The contaminants to be removed may contain.
Leaded Paint
Silicon dioxide (sand and similar)
Metal Fragments
Inorganic & organic toxic material
The process selected may involve the introduction of further contaminants and hazardous materials including:
Solvents
Blast and tool fragments
The process may create flammable and toxic dust and vapour, as well as damaging noise.
Disposal of basting material residue shall be disposed of in accordance with local regulations.
18.3
Paint Application
This is a process of applying layers of coating in liquid form to a surface generally by using a brush or roller or by spraying which then hardens by solvent evaporation or chemical reaction.
The Coatings and their solvents are generally all toxic to varying degrees. Many are flammable.
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Overspray may cause considerable damage to other surfaces.
It is essential that contractors have access to their Material Data Sheets and comply with all safety instructions.
19 Protecting the Environment and Minimising Nuisance
19.1
General
The contractor shall comply with:
Applicable planning and building Laws
All conditions of any consents issued
All applicable rules of any regional, town or district plans
The contractor shall ensure that the works are carried out in such a manner to minimise any adverse effects on the environment and the normal operation of the business and life of others.
The contractor shall ensure that all materials and equipment removed from the site are either, stored; or disposed of legally and responsibly.
19.2
Heritage and Landscape
Unless the contract indicates otherwise the contractor is required to protect any significant, vegetation, structures and landscape features from damage.
The contactor shall not remove, trim, damage or work within the dripline of any tree without checking for any operative tree protection provisions.
If evidence is encountered of any historically significant previous occupation of the site, the contractor shall take immediate provisions to stabilise the evidence and notify appropriate authorities and the Engineer so that an archaeological assessment can be carried out.
19.3
Resources
The contractor shall not waste water.
If water restrictions are in place then the contractor shall implement a water conservation plan.
The contractor shall not waste electricity.
If electricity restrictions are in place then the contractor shall implement an electricity conservation plan.
19.4
Contamination
If a pre commencement site investigation reveals, or contamination can be reasonably expected, (such as in tank removal operations); then the contractor shall develop a plan with the Engineer to handle, and dispose of the contaminants. This plan shall include any required testing, precautions, and disposal location and documentation.
19.4.1
Contamination to soil
The Contractor has a duty to ensure that contamination of soil does not occur. In the event of any contamination occurring through the actions on site the contractor shall take immediate steps to contain and recover the contaminated material.
In the event that the contractor discovers a previous contamination or if the contamination is such that it causes an immediate hazard or cessation of work then notification shall be made immediately to the Engineer.
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19.4.2
Contamination to water
The Contractor is to ensure that no liquid passes from the site except to an appropriate and approved receptor.
Silt. The contractor shall ensure that effective silt traps to maintain the quality of site runoff water to that of normal rainwater runoff are in place.
Concrete Washings. Concrete cutting slurry and concrete cooling water are Ecotoxic.
The contractor shall ensure that run off of such water does not enter any storm water system, or natural drainage system. Such water can be diverted to an unsealed area for natural soakage, or filtered using hay bales or filter cloth and disposed of to sewer with the approval of the territorial authority, or collected and disposed of by a reputable trade waste contractor.
Asphalt Cutting. All wastewater must be disposed of to sewer with the approval of the territorial authority, or collected and disposed of by a reputable trade waste contractor.
Hydrocarbons. These may be pumped into an operative hydrocarbon separator with approval from territorial authority, or otherwise a Vacuum Truck with the appropriate
Dangerous Goods Rating shall be used to take the material to an approved location.
19.5
Nuisance
The contractor is to conduct their work to minimise the creation of nuisance to others on the site, neighbours and the general public.
19.5.1
Noise
The contractor is to select, operate and maintain their plant and equipment to minimise noise nuisance. On some projects or sites there may be a requirement to implement a Construction
Noise Management Plan. This may involve undertaking noisy tasks outside sensitive hours and may impose a restriction on working hours.
Noise levels shall not exceed any levels imposed by law or by project specific consent.
19.5.2
Dust
The contractor is required to operate an effective dust suppression regime.
19.5.3
Site Management & Appearance
The contractor is required to keep the site neat and tidy, and to arrange his plant, materials, and any rubbish areas in a way that minimises any adverse appearance and inconvenience to others.
Hazardous materials and/or flammable liquids must not be stored in areas that contain flammable materials.
The contractor is required to remove all rubbish and unwanted materials and spoil promptly.
The contractor is to ensure any damage caused by the works, including damage to planted areas and lawns is repaired in a timely manner.
The contractor is to remove from the site all left-over materials, rubbish, and spoil promptly at the completion of the project, and leave the site clean and tidy to the Engineer’s satisfaction.
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