[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY,
P.M.B. 4000, OGBOMOSO
FACULTY OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES
STUDENTS’
INFORMATION HANDBOOK
2014 - 2016
1 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Front Cover……………………………………………………………………………….……1
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………….…….2
The Visitors……………………………………………………………………………….……3
List of Principal Officers of the University…………………………………….…3
List of Staff………………………………………………………………………………..……4
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………7
Degrees Awarded…………………………………………………………………..………8
Admission Requirements………………………………………………………….……8
UME Subjects…………………………………………………………………………………8
Requirements for the Award of a B.Tech Degree……………………………9
Course Duration ………………………………………………………………………….…9
Evaluation of Student’s Performance…………………………………..…………9
Examinations Regulations……………………………………………………….……11
Professional Memberships and Affiliations………………………………..…13
Students Welfare, Guidance and Counseling…………………………..……13
Courses Outline. ……………………………………………………………………….…15
Graduation Requirements……………………………………………………………21
Description of Courses (Applied Geology) ……………………………………25
Description of Courses (Applied Geophysics) …………………….…………37
Logistics for Geological Field Mapping………………………………………….45
Report Writing………………………………………………………………………….….48
Field Safety…………………………………………………………………………………..49
2 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
THE VISITORS
The Executive Governor of Oyo State
SENATOR ISIAKA ABIOLA AJIMOBI
The Executive Governor of Osun State
OGBENI RAUF ADESOJI AREGBESOLA
LIST OF PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY
CHANCELLOR
Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu
Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council
Prof. Wale Omole
Vice-Chancellor
Professor A. S. Gbadegesin
Deputy Vice-Chancellor
Prof. T. A. Adebayo
University Registrar
Rev. J. A. Agboola
University Bursar
Mr. A. B. C. Olagunju
University Librarian
Mr. I. O. Ajala
3 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
STAFF LIST
Academic Staff`
S/N
NAME
QUALIFICATION
RANK/POSITION
FIELD/RESEARCH
1.
O.G .Bayowa
B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D (Ife)
Lecturer I and Acting
Head of Department
Applied Geophysics
2.
M.A. Adabanija
B.Sc. (Ife), M.Sc., Ph.D
(Ibadan)
Senior Lecturer
Applied Geophysics
3.
A. O. Adewoye
B.Sc. (Ilorin), M.Sc., M.Phil
(Ibadan) Ph.D (Ogbomoso)
Lecturer I
Hydrogeology,
Environmental and
Engineering Geology
4.
I. A. Akinlabi
B.Sc., M.Sc., M.Phil (Ibadan)
Lecturer I
Applied Geophysics
5.
L. L. Kolawole
B.Sc. (Ibadan), M.Sc.
(Newcastle)
Lecturer I
Hydrogeology and
Engineering Geology
6.
O. A. Afolabi
B.Sc., M.Sc. (Ibadan)
Lecturer I
Mineral Exploration and
Applied Geochemistry
7.
G. O. Ogungbesan
B.Sc. (Ago-Iwoye), M.Sc
(Ibadan)
Lecturer II
Sedimentology and
Petroleum Geology
8.
M. T. Jimoh
B.Sc. (Ago-Iwoye), M.Sc
(Ibadan)
Lecturer II
Mineral Exploration and
Applied Geochemistry
9.
O. C. Oduneye
B.Sc. (Ago-Iwoye), M.Sc
(Ibadan)
Lecturer II
Sedimentology and
Petroleum Geology
4 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
Associate Lecturers
S/N
NAME
QUALIFICATION
RANK/POSITION
FIELD/RESEARCH
1.
P. I. Olasehinde
B.Sc. (Ibadan), PGD (Delft),
M.Sc. (Ilorin), Ph.D (Ilorin)
Professor
Applied Geophysics
2.
G. O. Adeyemi
B.Sc., M.Sc. Ph.D (Ife)
Professor
Engineering Geology and
Hydrogeology
3.
S.A. Alagbe
B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D (Zaria)
Associate Professor
Hydrogeology
4.
R.B. Bale
B.Sc. (Ibadan), M.Sc. (Hull),
Ph.D (Southampton)
Associate Professor
Mineral Exploration and Applied
Geochemistry
5.
A. M. Gbadebo
B.Sc. (Port-Harcourt), M.Sc.
(Ife), PGD (Jerusalem) Ph.D
(Ibadan)
Associate Professor
Environmental Geology
6.
A. A. Adepelumi
B.Tech (Akure), M.Sc. (Ife)
Ph.D (Rio de Janeiro)
Associate Professor
Applied Geophysics
7.
B. Adekeye
B.Sc , M.Sc, Ph.D (Ilorin)
Senior Lecturer
Sedimentology/Petroleum
Geology
8.
I. A. Okunola
B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D
(Germany)
Associate Lecturer
Hydrogeology & Engineering
Geology
5 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
Technical Staff
S/N
NAME
QUALIFICATION
RANK/POSITION
1.
Mr. K. A. Sanni
HND (Ibadan), PGD
(Oyo), NISLT, COMEG
REG.
Senior
Technologist
2.
Mr. O. K. Oyekan
HND (Akure), NISLT
Technologist II
3.
Mr. P. O. Ajani
B.Tech (Ogbomoso)
Laboratory
Assistant
4.
Mrs. C. A.
Ojedokun
ND (Iree), NISLT
Laboratory
Assistant
5.
Mrs. L. T.
Odeniran
NCE (Oyo)
Laboratory
Assistant
6.
Mr. O. Ayoola
WAEC
Laboratory
Assistant
7.
Mr. F. O. Oyewo
WAEC
Driver
6 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
Administrative Staff
S/N
NAME
QUALIFICATION
RANK/POSITION
1.
Mrs. R. O. Oyedijo
Open grading test stage
II & III; OND (Ibadan),
Certificate in Office
Communication & Data
Management.
(Ogbomoso)
Data Management
Officer II
2.
Mrs. E. O. Abogunde
Senior Typist II
3.
Mr. M. Adeleye
Open grading test stage
II & III; NCE,
Certificate in Office
Communication & Data
Management
(Ogbomoso)
Certificate in Word
Processing &
Desktop Publishing
(Ogbomoso)
OND (Ibadan)
7 Students’ Information Handbook
Head Office Assistant
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
1.1
2014 - 2016
INTRODUCTION
The Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology, Ogbomoso was establish in 2004 to offer
opportunities for studies leading to degrees of Bachelor of
Technology in Applied Geology and Applied Geophysics. The
domain of Earth Sciences is a multi-disciplinary field in which the
principles of Chemistry, Physics, Biology and Mathematics are
applied to finding solutions to the problems of the real world
comprising subsurface and terrestrial Earth, understanding the
history of the Earth and projection into the future. These have
manifested in the growing demand for graduates with in Earth
Sciences with sound scientific knowledge.
The aim of the programme is to train Earth Scientists in areas of
exploration for minerals and ores to meet the growing demands for
experts in exploration of abundant solid mineral deposits in
Nigeria. In line with the University’s mission, the training of the
graduates will be geared toward producing self- employable, selfsustaining and self-reliant individuals with great entrepreneurial
skill.
The objectives of the programme are:
i.
To produce high-level manpower needed in the exploration of the
subsurface earth for exploitation and utilization of the abundant
mineral resources in Nigeria.
ii.
To provide broad and balanced foundation of geosciences
knowledge and practical skills for Earth Scientists that would carry
out research into problems of subsurface and terrestrial Earth.
iii. To provide necessary training and exposure for graduates suited for
employment in the mining and petroleum industries, sectors of the
Nigerian economy.
8 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
1.2
Degrees Awarded
The degrees awarded are:
 Bachelor of Technology Earth Sciences (Applied Geology)
 Bachelor of Technology Earth Sciences (Applied Geophysics)
1.3
1.3.1
Admission Requirements
UME
Students intending to specialize in any of the Earth Sciences
programme must satisfy University and Faculty of Pure and
Applied Sciences admission requirements. In addition, they must
have passed at credit level in Physics, Mathematics, English
Language, Chemistry and any of Biology, Technical Drawing or
Geography at the final Senior Secondary School Certificate
Examinations or at the GCE ordinary level or its equivalents.
1.3.2
Direct Entry
Students may be admitted into the second year (200 level) by
direct entry if they have either GCE Advanced level or its
equivalent with good passes in Physics, Chemistry and
Mathematics. National Diploma with upper credit from recognized
Polytechnics and colleges of Technology in relevant areas may
also be admitted but may be required to sit and pass some audited
first year courses to make up for any deficiency they may have.
1.4
UME Subjects
These shall include English Language, Physics, Mathematics and
Chemistry.
9 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
1.5
2014 - 2016
Requirements for the Award of B.Tech Degree
 To be eligible for the award of B.Tech degree in Earth
Sciences. Students must satisfactorily complete
(i) General Studies
14 units
(ii) Compulsory Courses
122 units
(iii) Core Courses (Applied Geology Option)
53units
(iv) Core Courses (Applied Geophysics Option) 58 units
The minimum number of units required to graduate shall therefore be 189
units for Applied Geology option and 196 units for Applied Geophysics
option excluding free electives. Students may take additional courses of
their choice as free electives provided they do not exceed the maximum
specified load limit of 24 units per semester except in 400 Level rain
semester which is meant for the Students’ Industrial Work Experience
Scheme (SIWES) which carries 4 units. However, the free electives
course must be passed before graduation. On no account should a student
register for less than 12 units in any semester. Students with carry-over of
more than 12 units in Rain semester of 300 level is not eligible to go for
SIWES. Students are expected to register for their carryovers first before
the main courses in a level.
1.6
Course Duration
Five (5) years for Candidates admitted through University
Matriculations Examinations or the Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology Pre-degree Science programme and 4 years for direct
entry candidates.
1.7
1.7.1
Evaluation of Student’s Performance
Examinations
Examinations are conducted in accordance with regulations
approved from time to time by the University Senate. To sit for
any of course examinations, candidates must be duly registered for
the course, and attain 75% point in attendance at the course
10 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
lectures, field work, laboratory practical sessions or tutorials as
applied. Students who are willing to absent from course lectures,
field work, laboratory practical sessions or tutorials must
communicate to and seek the approval of their course instructors.
Every course shall be examined during their respective semesters.
(i) Written Examinations 70%
(ii) Continuous Assessments (including Practicals) 30%
The continuous assessment is compulsory for all taught courses
1.7.2
Grading System
The following letter grades are attached to the examination scores
and the minimum pass mark for each course is 40%.
% Mark
70 - 100
60 - 69
50 - 59
45 - 49
40 - 44
0 - 39
1.7.3
Letter Grade
A
B
C
D
E
F
Grade Point
5
4
3
2
1
0
Computation of Grade Point Average (GPA) and Cumulative Grade
Point Average (CGPA)
For each year of study, CGPA of a student shall be calculated.
Any student whose CGPA is less than 1.0 will be placed on
probation. If after one year (i.e. two consecutive semesters) the
CGPA is still less than 1.0, the student shall be recommended for
withdrawal from the University.
The GPA is computed by dividing the total sum of the products of
the grade points (GP) and corresponding course units (NU) by the
total number of units (TNU).
11 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
That is:
𝐺𝑃𝐴 =
∑𝑁
𝑖=1(𝐺𝑃𝑖 𝑥 𝑁𝑈𝑖 )
∑𝑖=𝑁
𝑖=1 𝑁𝑢
=
2014 - 2016
𝑇𝐶𝑃
𝑇𝑁𝑈
Where GP, is the grade point scored in course:
NU, is the number of unit of course,
N is the number of courses
TCP is the Total Credit Point
TNU is the Total Number of Units
The CPGA is computer for a total number of semester M greater than 1 as:
∑𝑀 𝑇𝐶𝑃(𝑗)
CGPA = ∑𝑀𝑗=1𝑇𝑁𝑈 (𝑗)
𝑗=1
1.7.4
Classes of Degree
The classes of degree are designated as follows:4.50 - 5.00 First Class Honours
3.50 - 4.49 Second Class Honours (Upper Division)
2.40 - 3.49 Second Class Honours (Lower Division)
1.00 - 1.49 Third Class Honours
1.8
1.8.1
Examination Regulations
Conduct of Students at Examinations:
Students shall:
(i) use or consult, during an examination; only such books, papers
notes, instruments or other materials or aids as are specifically
permitted or provided by the Department whose examination is
being taken
(ii) neither introduce nor attempt to introduce any books, papers notes,
instruments or other materials or aids into the examination room.
(iii) neither pass nor attempt to pass any information from one to another
during an examination.
12 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
1.8.2
(i)
(ii)
2014 - 2016
Misconduct
Failure to observe any of the above rules shall prima facie,
constitute misconduct.
At the discretion of the Chief Examiner, a candidate may be
required to leave the examination room when his conduct is judged
to be disturbing or likely to disturb the examination. The Chief
Examiner shall report any action taken by him to the Dean
immediately.
The sanctions for various examination offences committed by any
student/member of staff as approved by the University senate are as
follow:
S/N
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Examination Offence
Involvement in leakages of examination
questions and/or marking Scheme:
Student(s) involved
Staff involved
Illegal possession of answer script(s) by
students
Answer script(s) containing answers
Possession of unauthorized text(s) filled
with more than one handwriting:
Student(s) involved
Staff complicity in multiple handwriting
malpractices
Possession of unauthorized text(s) and
illustration(s) of any form that aid
examinations malpractices
Impersonation (mercenary) in writing
examination:
Student(s) involved
Staff complicity in impersonation/
malpractices/ Impersonation in any form
Sanction
Expulsion
Dismissal
Suspension for two
Semesters
Expulsion
Expulsion
Dismissal
Suspension for 4
Semesters
Expulsion
Dismissal
13 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
6.
Student(s) Involvement in assault on
personnel involved in Invigilation:
Expulsion/Dismissal of
parties involved
7.
Assaults on personnel involved in
invigilation.
Harassment and/or battery of personnel
involved in Invigilation
Harassment of co-students for non-cooperation in examinations malpractices
Battery of co-students for non-cooperation in examinations malpractices
Falsification of identity, such as
matriculation number, etc by a student.
Suspension for 4
Semesters
8.
9.
10.
11.
Expulsion
Suspension for 2
semester
Expulsion
Suspension for 4
semesters
Grafting
Suspension for 2
semesters
Exchanging of scripts or information during Suspension for 4
examination/failure to submit examination semesters
answer Script
1.9
Professional Memberships and Affiliations
All registered students in the Department of Earth Sciences belong
to the Students’ Chapter of the Nigerian Mining and Geosciences
Society (NMGS). They are also eligible for Student Membership
of the following Associations: Society of Exploration
Geophysicists (SEG); American Association of Petroleum
Geologists (AAPG); Nigerian Association of Petroleum
Explorationists (NAPE) and the Nigerian Association of Hydrogeologists (NAH).
1.10
Student’s Welfare, Guidance and Counseling
(a)
Handling of Academic Grievances
The interests of students are sacred and as such their academic
grievances are handled by Students’ Welfare Committee and
subsequently discussed at the Departmental Board. The Students’
14 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
Welfare Committee comprises the level advisors and the Head of
Department.
(b)
Students’ Forum
The Department organizes a Departmental Staff/Students Forum at
least once every academic year. This is meant to complement the
efforts of the administration of the University to bridge
communication gap for a better understanding between the
University and the students. The forum therefore provides
platform for discussion and exchange of ideas. It also offers
opportunity for disseminating official information, rules and
regulations of the University. Students are encouraged to raise
issues of significance as they may affect their welfare.
(c)
Students’ Academic Advisor
The duties of the level advisor include: computation of results;
welfare of students; registration of students; and attendance to
academic grievances. Each staff advisor is responsible for all
aforementioned duties to the point of graduation of the students
assigned. This way, the academic records, progress and history of
each student are well documented.
(d)
Health Matters
For all health matters, students consult the University Health
Centre. Hence, only the certificate obtained from the University’s.
Director of Health Services is acceptable as evidence of sickness
resulting to absence from examinations and/or lectures. If you are
treated outside the University Clinic, it is imperative that you
submit your papers to the University Health Centre for
authentication.
(e)
Sources of Information
The University provides information to students through
university’s internet website, notice boards, University Bulletin,
15 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
announcement by staff at lecture halls and laboratories. Students
are therefore enjoined to use these media regularly. For further
clarification or any other information, students are advised to
consult their course lecturers, Level advisors or the Head of
Department.
2.1
List of Courses by Semester
100 Level Harmattan Semester
Course code Course Title
MTH 101
Elementary Mathematics 1
BIO 101
General Biology 1
PHY 101
General Physics 1
CHM 101
Introductory Chemistry 1
GNS 101
Use of English 1
FAA 101
Fundamental of Drawing
PHY 103
Experimental Physics 1A
BIO 103
Experimental Biology 1A
CHM 191
Experimental Chemistry 1A
LIB 101
Use of Library
Total
Pre Reg. L T P Unit(s)
5 0 0
5
3 0 0
3
4 0 0
4
4 0 0
4
2 0 0
2
2 0 0
2
0 0 3
1
0 0 3
1
0 0 3
1
1 0 0
0
23
100 Level Rain Semester
Course code Course Title
Pre Reg. L T P
MTH 102
Elementary Mathematics II
5 0 0
BIO 102
General Biology II
3 0 0
PHY 102
General Physics II
4 0 0
CHM 102
Introductory Chemistry II
4 0 0
GNS 102
Use of English 11
2 0 0
PHY 104
Experimental Physics 1B
0 0 3
BIO 104
Experimental Biology 1B
0 0 3
CHM 192
Experimental Chemistry 1B
0 0 3
CSE 100
Introduction to Computing
1 0 0
GNS 104
Science & Technology through
2 0 0
the ages
Total
16 Students’ Information Handbook
Unit(s)
5
3
4
4
2
1
1
1
1
2
24
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
200 Level Harmattan Semester
Course code
Course Title
Pre Reg.
AGY 201 Introductory Geology
AGY 203 Introductory Geological Field
Mapping
AGP 203 Introduction to Earth Physics
CVE 303 Elementary Surveying and
Photogrammetry
MTH 201 Mathematical Methods 1
CSE 201
Computer Programming 1
GNS 209 Elements of Administration
CHM 241 Principles of Analytical Chemistry
Total
2014 - 2016
L T P
2 0 3
Unit(s)
3
0
3
1
3
0 3
0 0
2 0 3
3 0 0
2 1 0
2 0 0
2 1 0
3
3
3
2
3
21
200 Level Rain Semester
Course code Course Title
Pre Reg. L T P Unit(s)
AGY 206 Geological Map Interpretations
0 0 3 1
AGY 208 Introduction to Igneous &
Metamorphic Petrology
AGY 201 2 0 3 3
AGY 210
Sedimentary Systems and Processes
2 0 3 3
AGY 212
Crystallography & Systematic
Mineralogy
2 0 3 3
MTH 212 Mathematical Methods II
3 0 0 3
CSE 204
Computer Programming II
2 0 0 2
GNS 202
Mind, Machine and Society
2 0 0 2
PHY 204
Electric circuit & Electronics
3 3 0 3
Total
20
17 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
300 Level Harmattan Semester (Applied Geology)
Course code Course Title
Pre Reg. L
AGY 303
Sedimentology and
Sedimentary Petrology
AGY 201 2
AGY 307
Mineralogy
AGY 212 2
AGY 309
Introduction to Geochemistry
AGY 201 2
AGY 311
Introduction to Paleontology
2
AGY 315
Fundamental of Hydrogeology
3
GNS 301
Introduction to Oral
Communications
2
STA 207
Statistics for Physical Sciences
3
300 Level Rain Semester (Applied Geology)
Course code Course Title
AGY 302
Independent Geological Field
Mapping
AGY 304
AGY 310
AGY 306
AGY 318
AGY 324
GNS 302
URP 326
Structural Geology
Principles of Stratigraphy &
Geochronology
Photogeology and Remote Sensing
Advanced Hydrogeology
Entrepreneurial Skills and
Consultancy 1
Introduction to Communication
Skills
Geographic Information System 1
Total
T P Unit(s)
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
3
0
0 0
1 0
3
3
3
3
3
2
4
21
Pre Reg. L T P Unit(s)
AGY 203
AGY206
AGY 208 0 0 3 2
2 0 3 3
18 Students’ Information Handbook
2
1
3
0 0
0 3
0 0
2
2
3
1
0 3
2
2
2
0 0
0 3
2
3
21
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
400 Level Harmattan Semester (Applied Geology)
Course code Course Title
Pre Reg. L
AGY 401
Petroleum Geology
AGY 310 3
AGY 403
Economic Geology
AGY 307 3
AGY 405
Engineering Geology
2
AGP 411
Exploration Geophysics
AGP203 3
AGY 409
Palynology & Sequence
Stratigraphy
3
AGY 410
Applied Geology Seminar
1
AGY 411
Igneous petrology
AGY 201 2
AGY 415
Micropaleontology
AGY 311 2
Total
T P Unit(s)
0 0 3
0 0 3
0 0
2
0 0
3
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
3
4
1
3
3
22
Electives (Maximum of 5 units, Minimum: 0 units)
400 Level Rain Semester (Applied Geology)
Course code
ESC 400
Course Title
SIWES PROGRAMME
Units
4
500 Level Harmattan Semester (Applied Geology)
Course code Course Title
Pre Reg.
AGY 505
Global Tectonics & Structures
AGY 304
AGY 509
Geology of Africa
AGY 510
Final Year Project
AGY 511
Ore and Industrial Minerals
AGY403
AGP 515
Introduction to Earth Observations
AGY 513
Marine Geology
AGY 519
Exploration and Mining Geology
AGY 523
Basin Analysis
AGY210
Total
L T P Unit(s)
2 1 0 3
2 0 0 2
0 0 9 3
1 0 3 2
2 0 3 3
2 0 0 2
2 0 0 2
2 0 0 2
21
Electives (Maximum of 4 units, Minimum: 0 units)
19 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
500 Level Rain Semester (Applied Geology)
Course code Course title
AGY 502
Metamorphic petrology
AGY 504
Gemstones Technology
AGY 506
Special Topics and Case
Histories in Geology
AGY 508
Environmental Geology
AGY 510
Final Year Project
AGY 512
Crustal Evolution & Metallogeny
AGY 514
Entrepreneurial Skills &
Consultancy II
Total
2014 - 2016
Pre Reg. L T P Unit(s)
AGY 208 2 0 3 3
AGY307 2 0 3 3
1
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
3
9
0
1
3
3
2
1
0 3 2
17
Electives (Maximum of 7 units, Minimum: 0 units)
300 Level Harmattan Semester (Applied Geophysics)
Course code Course title
Pre Reg.
AGP 301
Gravity Methods in Prospecting
AGP 303
Electrical Method in Prospecting
AGY 315
Fundamentals of Hydrogeology
AGY 303
Sedimentology and
Sedimentary Petrology
AGY 201
GNS 301
Introduction to oral
Communication
PHY 303
Electromagnetic Field Theory
STA 207
Statistics for Physical Sciences
Total
20 Students’ Information Handbook
L T
2 0
2 0
2 0
2
2
3
3
P Unit(s)
3 3
3 3
3 3
0 3
3
0 0
0 0
1 0
2
3
4
21
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
300 Level Rain Semester (Applied Geophysics)
Course code Course Title
Pre Reg.
AGP 304
Magnetic Method in Prospecting
AGP 306
Seismic Refraction Methods in
Prospecting
AGP 308
Independent Geological Field
Mapping and Geophysical
AGY 203
Field Work
AGP 208
AGY 306
Photogeology and Remote Sensing
AGY 314
Mineral Resources and
Environmental Geology
AGY 324
Entrepreneurial Skills and
Consultancy I
AGY 310
Principles of Statigraphy &
Geochronology
AGY 304
Structural Geology
URP 316
Geographic Information System I
GNS 302
Introduction to Communication
Skills
Total
2014 - 2016
L
2
400 Level Harmattan Semester (Applied Geophysics)
Course code Course Title
Pre Reg.
AGP401
Borehole Geophysics
AGP 403
Radioactivity Methods in
Prospecting
AGP 405
Electromagnetics Prospecting
Techniques
AGP 409
Seismic Reflection Prospecting
Method
AGY401
Petroleum Geology
AGP 310
AGY 405
Engineering Geology
AGP 410
Seminar
AGY 411
Igneous Petrology
Total
21 Students’ Information Handbook
T P Unit(s)
0 3 3
2
0 3 3
0
1
0 6 2
0 3 2
1
0 3
2
1
0 3
2
2
2
2
0 0
0 3
0 3
2
3
3
2
0 0
2
24
L T P Unit(s)
2 0 3 3
1
0 3
2
2
0 3
3
3 0 3
2 0 3
2 0 0
1 0 0
2 0 3
4
3
2
1
3
21
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
400 Level Rain Semester (Applied Geophysics)
Course code
Course title
ESC 400
SIWES PROGRAMME
2014 - 2016
Unit(s)
4
500 Level Harmattan Semester (Applied Geophysics)
Course Code Course Title
Pre Reg.
L T P Unit(s)
AGP503
AGP 505
AGP507
AGP 509
AGP510
AGP 515
AGY519
2 0
2 0
2 0
2 0
0 0
2 0
2 0
Computational Geophysics
CSE204
Environmental Geophysics
Engineering Geophysics
Reservoir Geophysics
AGP401
Final Year Project
Introduction to Earth Observations
Geology of Nigeria
Total
3
3
3
3
9
3
0
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
20
Electives (Maximum of 4 units, Minimum: 0 unit)
500 Level Rain Semester (Applied Geophysics)
Course Code Course Title
Pre Reg. L T P Unit(s)
AGP 502
Global Geodynamics and
3 0 0 3
Geomagnetics
AGY502
Metamorphic Petrology
AGY208 2 0 3 3
AGP 504
Hydro Geophysics
2 0 3 3
AGP506
Case Histories and Current
2 0 0 2
Trends in Geophysics
AGP510
Final Year Project
0 0 9 3
AGP 516
Modelling in Geophysics
1 0 3 2
AGY514
Entrepreneurial Skills &
Consultancy II
1 0 3 2
Total
18
Electives (Maximum of 4 units, Minimum: 0 unit)
22 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2.1
Graduation Requirements
(a)
General Studies Courses
Course Code
GNS101
GNS102
GNS104
GNS209
GNS102
GNS301
GNS302
Course Title
L
Use of English I
2
Use of English II
2
Science & Technology through the ages 2
Elements of Administration
2
Mind, Machine and Society
2
Introduction to Oral Communication
2
Introduction to Communication Skills
2
2014 - 2016
T
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
U
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
14
T
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
0
3
3
0
3
3
U
5
3
4
4
2
1
1
1
0
5
3
4
4
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
3
1
0
3
3
Total
(b)
Course Code
MTH101
BIO101
PHY101
CHM101
FAA101
PHY103
BIO103
CHM191
LIB 101
MTH102
BIO102
PHY102
CHM102
PHY104
BIO104
CHM192
CSE100
AGY201
AGY203
PHY204
CVE303
AGY206
AGY208
Departmental General Courses
Course Title
Elementary Mathematics I
General Biology I
General Physics I
Introductory Chemistry I
Fundamental of Drawing
Experimental Physics 1A
Experimental Biology 1A
Experimental Chemistry 1A
Use of Library
Elementary Mathematics II
General Biology II
General Physics II
Introductory Chemistry II
Experimental Physics 1B
Experimental Biology 1B
Experimental Chemistry 1B
Introduction to Computing
Introductory Geology
Introductory Geological field Mapping
Electric circuit & Electronics
L
5
3
4
4
2
0
0
0
1
5
3
4
4
0
0
0
1
2
0
3
Elementary Surveying and Photogrammetry 2
Geological Map Interpretation
0
Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic
Petrology
2
L = Lectures; T = Tutorials; P = Practicals; U = Units
23 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
Course Code
AGY210
AGY212
AGP203
MTH201
CSE201
CHM 241
MTH212
CSE204
STA207
AGY303
AGY304
AGY314
AGY315
AGY310
AGY306
AGY324
URP326
AGY401
AGY405
AGY411
ESC400
AGY502
AGY514
AGY519
AGP515
Course Title
Sedimentary systems and Processes
L
2
Crystallography & Systematic Mineralogy 2
Introduction to Earth Physics
3
Mathematical Methods I
3
Computing Programming 1
3
Principles of Analytical Chemistry
3
Mathematical Methods 11
4
Computer Programming 11
2
Statistics for Physical Sciences
4
Sedimentology and Sedimentary Petrology 2
Structural Geology
2
Mineral Resources and Environmental Geology 1
Fundamental Hydrogeology
2
Principles of Stratigraphy & Geochronology
2
Photogeology and Remote Sensing
1
Entrepreneurial Skills & Consultancy I
1
Geographic Information System I
2
Petroleum Geology
2
Engineering Geology
1
Igneous Petrology
2
SIWES Programme
0
Metamorphic Petrology
2
Entrepreneurial Skills & Consultancy II
1
Geology of Nigeria
2
Introduction to Earth Observations
2
T
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2014 - 2016
P
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
3
0
3
3
3
3
3
3
0
3
3
0
3
Total
L = Lectures; T = Tutorials; P = Practicals; U = Units
24 Students’ Information Handbook
U
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
2
4
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
4
3
2
2
3
122
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
(c)
2014 - 2016
Core Courses (Applied Geology Option)
Course code Course Title
AGY302
Independent Geological
Field Mapping
AGY307
Mineralogy
AGY309
Introductory Geochemistry
AGY318
Advanced Hydrogeology
AGY403
Economic Geology
AGY409
Palynology & Sequence Stratigraphy
AGP411
Exploration Geophysics
AGY415
Micropaleontology
AGY410
Seminar
AGY512
Crustal Evolution and Metallogeny
AGY504
Gemstones Technology
AGY505
Global Tectonies & Structures
AGY506
Special Topics and Case Histories
in Geology
AGY508
Environmental Geology
AGY509
Geology of Africa
AGY510
Final Year Project
AGY511
Ore & Industrial Minerals
AGY513
Marine Geology
AGY521
Exploration and Mining Geology
AGY523
Basin Analysis
L
T
P
U
0
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
1
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
3
0
3
3
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
2
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
1
2
3
3
1
2
2
0
1
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
3
0
0
0
1
3
2
6
2
2
2
2
53
T
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P
3
3
3
3
6
0
0
3
0
3
U
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
4
Total
(d)
Course code
AGP301
AGP303
AGP304
AGP306
AGP308
PHY303
AGP401
AGP403
AGP405
AGP409
Core Courses (Applied Geophysics Option)
Course Title
L
Gravity Methods in Prospecting
2
Electrical Methods in Prospecting
2
Magnetic Methods in Prospecting
2
Seismic Refraction Methods in Prospecting
2
Supervised Geological Field Mapping 0
Electromagnetic Field Theory
3
Borehole Geophysics
2
Radioactive Methods in Prospecting
1
Electromagnetic Prospecting Techniques
2
Seismic Reflection Prospecting Method 3
L = Lectures; T = Tutorials; P = Practicals; U = Units
25 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
Course code
AGP410
AGP502
AGP503
AGP504
AGP505
AGP506
AGP507
AGP509
AGP510
AGP516
Course Title
Seminar
Global Geodynamics and Geomagnetism
Computational Geophysics
Hydro Geophysics
Environmental Geophysics
Case Histories and current Trend in Geophysics
Engineering Geophysics
Reservoir Geophysics
Final Year Project
Modeling in Geophysics
L
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
1
2014 - 2016
T
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P
0
0
3
0
3
0
3
3
18
3
U
1
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
6
2
58
L
2
3
2
1
2
T
0
0
0
0
0
P
3
0
0
3
3
U
3
3
2
2
3
2
0
3
3
2
2
0
0
3
3
3
3
Total
(e)
ELECTIVES
Course code
AGY322
AGY516
AGY518
AGP413
AGP501
AGP512
AGP514
PHY502
Course Title
Quaternary Geology
Energy Resources
Geotechnics
Signal Processing Skills for Geophysics
Archaeometry
Geophysical Field Methods &
Instrumental Analysis
Contaminants Transport &
Groundwater Remediation
Nuclear Analytical Techniques
L = Lectures; T = Tutorials; P = Practicals; U = Units
26 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2.2
2014 - 2016
Course Descriptions (Applied Geology)
AGY201
Introduction Geology
(2-0-3) 3 Unit
The composition of the Planet Earth from the Core to the Crust. Revision
of the surface processes and landforms, major earth structures such as
joints, faults, folds etc. rivers, oceans and oceanic deposits. The solar
system. Fundamentals of plate tectonics.
Physics of the earth.
Elementary crystallography. Physics of minerals. Elements of crystal
chemistry and silicate structure. Properties of minerals and rocks.
Classification, identification, occurrence and introductory petrogenesis of
Igneous. Metamorphic and Sedimentary rocks. Facies and facies
changes. Radiometric dating rock structures. Ore deposits.
AGY203
Introductory Geological Field Mapping (0-0-3) 1 Unit
A field course involving geological mapping.
Strike and dip
measurement. Identification of structural features such as folds, fault and
identification of rocks.
Co-Requisite: AGY201
AGY206 Geological Map Interpretation (0-0-3) 1 Unit
The interpretation of simple topographic and geological maps involving
the thickness of strata and the geometrical forms of outcrops. The
interpretation of one-inch geological maps and the drawing of simple
geological sections.
AGY208 Introductions to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology (2-0-3) 3
Units
Origin of magmas: magmatic crystallization, magmatic differentiation and crystal
fractionation.
Classification of Igneous rocks: plutonic and volcanic
associations.
Physical conditions of metamorphism. Physico-chemical processes involved in
metamorphism, controls of metamorphism, experimental appraisal of
metamorphic reactions. Metamorphic differentiation and metasomatism.
Pre-requisite: AGY201
27 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
AGY210 Sedimentary Systems and Processes (2-0-3) 3 Units
Sedimentary particles, their origin and properties. Main types of
sediments. Overview of the sedimentary processes, facies and depositional
environment, modern sediments and illustration on how these can be used
to interpret the ancient sedimentary record. Mechanics related to
sedimentary processes, and an analysis of fluid-sediment interaction
including erosion, deposition and bed-form development and bio-and
chemical processes of sediment formation. Spectrum of environments
from continental to deep water, the processes that operate and the facies
by which they can be distinguished. The practical component is based
around laboratory and field excursions, and seeks to examine both modern
processes and sediments as well as ancient sedimentary rocks.
AGY212 Crystallography and Systematic Mineralogy (2-0-3) 3 Units
The main morphological properties, classification and mode of occurrence
of rock forming minerals. Crystal system and identification Optical
properties of the common rock forming minerals.
AGY302 Independent Geological Field Mapping (0-0-6) 2 Units
Field mapping exercise lasting 4-6 weeks comprising 2 weeks of
supervised and 4 weeks of independent mapping in selected parts of
Nigeria. A report on this exercise must be written and submitted.
Pre-requisite AGY203, AGY206, AGY208
AGY303 Sedimentology and Sedimentary Petrology (2-0-3) 3 Units
Origin of sediments, its distribution and classification, Sedimentary
processes. Origin, identification and classification of sedimentary rocks,
Texture of clastic sediments. Concepts of size, grade scales, methods of
size analysis. Grain size distributions and interpretation. Shape,
roundness, fabric and surface texture of clastic grains. Porosity and
permeability. Composition of sedimentary rocks: minerals in sediments:
primary, secondary detrital and authigenic minerals. Study of diagenetic
28 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
processes. Evolution of clastic and carbonate rocks. Petrography study of
sedimentary rocks under the polarizing microscope.
Pre-requisite: AGY201
AGY304
Structural Geology (2-0-3) Units
Physics of deformation: Stress and strain analysis, stress ellipsoid, stress
components and trajectories in faults and classification of faults. Origin
and classification of folds, salt domes and diaprism. Cleavage, lineation
and other minor structures. Tectonic significance of structures of igneous
rocks. Major crystal structures and tectonics such as geosynclines,
orogenesis and orogenic belts; epirogenesis, world rift system, continental
drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics. Solution of structural
problems by stereographic projection.
AGY306
Photogeology and Remote Sensing (1-0-3) 2 Units
Concepts and foundations of remote sensing; types of sensors; elements of
photographic systems. Aerial photography types (Geomorphological,
Geological etc); principles of stereoscopic vision. Measuring and plotting
instruments in photogeology. Principles of aerial photo-interpretation;
photogeological mapping; factors that affect results, their identification
and interpretation. The use of remote sensing and photogeology in
reconnaissance mapping, economic mineral prospecting and
hydrogeology.
Pre-Requisite: AGY208
AGY307 Mineralogy (2-0-3) 3 Units
Crystal structure, crystallographic notations, crystal lattices, elements of
symmetry: the crystal systems, twining. Morphological, optical and X-ray
techniques in crystallography. Stereographic projections. Systematic
description, occurrence and uses of common rock-forming minerals;
association of minerals in rocks; physical and optical properties and
identification of common rock-forming minerals. Bonding, Isomorphism
and polymorphism of minerals.
Pre-Requisite: AGY201
29 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
AGY309 Introductory Geochemistry (3-0-0) 3 Units
Abundance, classification and distribution of elements in the cosmic
systems; meteorites; Lithosphere; Hydrosphere; and atmosphere,
Geochemistry of different rock types and mineral deposits; weathering and
soil formation; principles and methods of exploration geochemistry and
geochemical analysis.
Pre-requisite AGY201
AGY310 Principles of Stratigraphy and Geochronology (2-0-0) 2
Units
Concepts of chronostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy,
agnetostratigraphy and stereotypes.
Principles of stratigraphic
classification, terminology and correlation. Facies analysis. Origin and
evolution of sedimentary basin. Depositional sedimentary environments
and unconformities. Principles of geochronology; Rb-Sr, K-Ar, U-Pb and
other dating methods. Stable isotopes; Pre-Cambrian geochronology.
AGY311 Introduction to Paleontology (2-0-3) 3 Units
Fossils, fossilization, major groups.
Invertebrate paleontology.
Morphology, classification, geological history and paleoecology of major
invertebrate phyla namely Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterate, Bryozoa,
Brachopoda, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata.
AGY314 Mineral Resources and Environmental Geology (1-0-3) 2
Units.
Metallic and non-metallic mineral resources: composition, distribution and
utilization with emphasis on Nigeria.
Fossil fuels. Surface and
groundwater hydrology. Environmental pollution: types, sources, hazards
and control. Prediction and control of geologic hazards.
30 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
AGY 315 Fundamentals of Hydrogeology (3-0-0) 3 Units
Origin of groundwater, the hydrologic cycle: groundwater movement.
Aquifers and their hydrologic properties, artesian systems, Springs,
Groundwater mapping; hydrometeorology: rainfall, Run off and
evapotranspiration.
Elementary theory of groundwater flow: Darcy’s law: porosity:
permeability, hydraulic conductivity. Flow net, Elements of soil physics
and effects on groundwater flow and storage. Methods of groundwater
exploration, Groundwater in sedimentary and crystalline rocks.
Groundwater inventory; (groundwater in Nigeria.)
AGY 316 Ore Deposits (2-0-3) 3 Units
Origin, transports, deposition and occurrence of ores. Hydrothermal,
Placer, Epigenetic, Hypogenetic, Syngenetic, Sedimentary deposits; Group
and classification. Study of the physical and optical properties, laboratory
study inclusive of clay and Industrial minerals. Association of mineral in
rocks. Ore deposits in Nigeria.
Pre-requisite: AGY307
AGY318 Advance Hydrogeology (2-0-3) 3 Units
Aquifers and types, groundwater exploration and exploitation techniques,
hydrochemistry. Case histories of basement complex hydrogeology,
Hydrogeologic mapping; groundwater development (including springs).
Water quality using physical, chemical and biological parameters. Effect
of groundwater on rocks and soils as construction materials.
Pre-requisite AGY315
AGY322 Quaternary Geology (2-0-0) 2 Units
World-wide geological events in quaternary times-glacial and interglacial
periods, marine transgressions and regressions. Shifting climatic belts in
the tropics. Mineral deposits in quaternary environments. Origin of man
and the earliest use of rocks and minerals. Quaternary geology of West
Africa with special emphasis on Nigeria.
31 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
AGY324 Entrepreneurial Skills and Consultancy I (1-0-3) 2 Units
Students are trained about the geological, geophysical and technical skills
required in establishing a consultancy outfit; development of the students
skill in design and execution of a project and project management.
Students will be exposed to the application, tender and bidding and
geosciences consultancy for mining, Quarry Company, water borehole and
environmental projects.
AGY401 Petroleum Geology (2-0-3) 3 Units
The origin, migration and accumulation of petroleum. Source rock
characteristics, maturation and production of petroleum. Properties of
petroleum reservoirs, fluid flow in reservoirs. Subsurface and production
geology.
Hydrocarbon traps: Stratigraphic traps, structural traps,
unconformities, salt domes. Exploration methods, evaluation of petroleum
potential and reserves. Reserves and basin classification. Drilling,
completing and producing oil and natural gas wells. Examples of major
oil deposits in Nigeria. Oil and geopolitics.
Pre-requisite AGY 310
ESC400 Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) 4
Units.
Six months industrial attachments in industries, research institutes and
governments establishments/parastatals. The students prepare and defend
the reports on the scheme.
AGY403 Economic Geology (2-0-3) 3 Units
The role of structure in mineral exploration. Definition of economic
minerals and economic mineral deposits. “Ore” and “gangue” minerals.
Processes of formation of mineral deposits: environments and localization
of ore deposits. Wall-rock alteration. Paragenesis and zoning in minerals
deposits with emphasis on Nigeria. Textures of ore deposits.
Pre-requisite AGY307
32 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
AGY405 Engineering Geology (1-0-3) 2 Units
Engineering properties of rocks: concrete aggregates and quarrying
techniques. Elements of soil mechanics. Geological site/investigations.
Landfill sites, foundations (building) and dams. Influence of groundwater
on engineering structures. Clays and other soil types. Geological aspects
of engineering projects: slopes, road, railroads, dams and reservoirs.
Methods of ground improvement: grouting, compaction, anchoring and
drainage.
AGY409 Palynology and Sequence Stratigraphy (3-0-3) 4 Units
Reproductive cycle of plants.
Functions of pollen and spores.
Morphology and classification of pollen and spores: sample collection
from field. Laboratory preparation of palynological slides. Application of
palynology in geology qualitative and quantitative study: presentation of
data and interpretation. Palyhorizons, Palynology of Nigerian Basins,
sequence stratigraphy. Data requirements: procedure for well log.
Seismic sequence stratigraphy analysis. System trends. Application of
sequence stratigraphy.
Co-requisite AGY415
AGY410 Seminar (1-0-0) J Unit
Presentation by class members of material drawn from personal
investigation or material selected from geological literature.
AGY411 Igneous Petrology (2-0-3) 3 Units
Extrusive and intrusive igneous processes; associations of igneous rocks
space and time; phase equilibrium and the genesis of selected igneous
rocks. Classification and petrogenesis of granitic rocks: older and younger
granites of Nigeria, mafic and ultramafic rocks, layered complexes,
Basalts-variation with structural environment, petrognesis, serpentinites,
peridoties, kimberlites, carbonatites, alkali volcanic rocks.
33 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
AGY415 Micropaleontology (2-0-3) 3 Units
Morphology and biostratlgraphy study of major groups of microfossils
especially foraminifera, ostracods and conodonts. Rules of nomenclature
in naming species. Life history of foraminiferid; trimorphism and
polymorphism, foraminifera tents, chamber development/plan of
growth/arrangement of chamber and economic uses of forams.
Morphology of Ostracods, carapace, geologic history and stratigraphic
range. Condonts: nature of condonts, microstructure and morphology:
nature of condont-bearing organisms.
Pre-requisite AGY311
AGY502 Metamorphic Petrology (2-0-3) 3 Units
Textures of metamorphic rocks. Classification of metamorphic rocks.
General characteristic of contact and regional metamorphism.
Metamorphic facies and facies series.
Retrograde metamorphism,
ploymetamorphism and Orogeny, Facies of regional dynamothermal
metamorphism. The carbonatite problem: Eclogites, Evolution of gneisses
and migmatites; Anatexis and granitisation: metasomatism.
Pre-requisite ACY201, AGY208
AGY503 Exploration Geochemistry (2-0-3) 3 Units
Fundamental principles of geochemistry; Distribution of elements in the
earth; geochemical mobility; associations of elements. Primary dispersion
syngenetic, hydrothermal and gasesous dispersion pattern; secondary
dispersion patterns. Biochemical anomalies, anomalies not related to
mineral deposits.
Principles of trace elements analysis, preparation and analytical
procedures. Geochemical surveys, fields operations, collecting and
processing of samples, surveying techniques, preparation of maps
interpretation of data.
Geochemical methods in mineral prospecting and exploration. Case
histories of geochemical surveys and of integrated exploration
programme.
Pre-requisite:ACY309
34 Students’ Information Handbook
[DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES (LAUTECH)]
2014 - 2016
AGY504 Gemstones Technology (2-0-3) 3 Units
Crystal form and habit, Twinning, Isomorphism and Isomorphoms
replacement. Determination of specific gravity and refractive index or
crystals. Optical properties, Colours; causes and artificial alteration.
Diffraction of light spectroscopy and absorption spectra. Luminescent and
electrical properties. Application of X-rays and ultra violet light to gem
testing. Inclusions and other internal features. Description of gem
materials; Natural gemstones; color, chemical composition, crystal system,
cleavage, hardness, specific gravity, refractive index. Pleochroism, luster,
mode of occurrence, sources of different gem varieties and methods of
identification.
Pre-requisite: AGY307
AGY505 Global Tectonics & Structures (2-1-0) 3 Units
The Earth’s magnetic field and paleomagnetism. The Earth’s heat and
internal temperatures. The structure of the continents and oceans, Isostas;
seismicity and earth-quake zones; volcanic belts; Orogeny and mountain
belts.
Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics,
Palinopastic reconstructions of fold-bets.
Pre-requisite AGY304
AGY506 Special Topics & Case Histories in Geology (1-0-0) 1 Unit
The case histories of interests include: Applied geology methods in
mineral exploration, Oil prospecting, Water Investigation, Detailed
geological mapping in Nigeria, problems and prospects.
AGY508 Environmental Geology (2-0-3) 3 Units
Fundamental concepts of environmental geology: Earth as a closed
system, Limitations of earth resources, natural earth processes
(endogenetic and exogenetics processes). Land use decisions, Hazardous
Earth processes; River flooding, Landslides, Earthquakes, volcanic
Activity and coastal hazards. Hydrology and human use; surface and
groundwater hydrology, sediment and groundwater pollution,
channelization. Waste disposal; solid waste (definition and classification)
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disposal, deep-well disposal, radioactive waste management, septic-tank
sewage disposal, waste-water treatment Environmental impact of mineral
development. Recycling of resources. Land use; land-use planning, site
selection (Engineering purpose and landfill sites) and evaluation,
Environmental impact, Trace elements and health.
AGY509 Geology of Africa (2-0-0) 2 Units
Principles of Precambrian stratigraphy and application to major shield
areas of the world. Precambrian Geology of African, Regional, Paleozoic
stratigraphy of Africa, with special reference to coastal and other
sedimentary basins.
AGY510 Final Year Project 6 Units
Independent research project involving geologic mapping and independent
study of an assigned area followed by laboratory analysis, data
interpretation and the preparation of thesis. The thesis shall be defended
(orally) after a seminar on the research must have been presented.
AGY511 Ore and Industrial Minerals (1-0-3) 2 Units
The role of structure in mineral exploration, systematic study of economic
mineral deposits; ferrous metals and their alloys (Iron, Manganese,
columbite, tantalite, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, chromium,
titanium non-ferrous metals (Copper, Lead, Zinc, Aluminum, Tin),
precious metals (Gold, Silver, Platinum), radioactive elements (Uranium,
Thorium), industrial minerals (Talc, Clay, Limestone, Marble, Asbestos,
Barites, Serpentine etc) their possible uses in industry. Methods of
acquisition and exploration of mineral deposits in Nigeria.
Pre-requisite AGY403
AGY512 Crustal Evolution and Metallogeny (2-0-0) 2 Units
The geological time scale.
The Archean; petrology, tectonism,
metallogeny and crustal evolution. The early Proterozoic; Basic/ultrabasic
intrusion, geosynclines, mineralization, Mid-late Proterozoic, Basinal
development crustal evolution and metallogeny. The Paleozoic:
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petrotectonic evolution of continents from Cambrian to Permian;
mineralization associated with the tectonism. Mesozoic-Cenozoic, the
break-up of pangea; the evolution of new Atlantic ocean, petrol tectonic
evolution and associated mineralization.
Pre-requisite AGY208
AGY513 Marine Geology (2-0-0) 2 Units
Elements of physical, chemical and biological oceanography. Methods of
ocean floor sampling and probing. Structure and physiography of ocean
basins. Distribution of marine sediments and mineral resources. Beach
erosion and coastal management.
AGY514 Entrepreneurial Skills and Consultancy II (1-0-3) 2 Units
Design and execution of a consultancy project emphasized in AGY324,
including literature searching and data analysis. The simulation skill take
place in a structure environment and emphasis placed on independent and
team based approach to the problems. The students will write a project
report. Liaison meetings with the co-ordinator will provide suitable
feedback and progress. A series of oral presentations on progress are held
giving opportunity for supervisory internal (and if possible external) and
peer appraisal.
AGY516 Energy Resources (3-0-0) 3 Units
Introduction to energy resources: Primary resources; the earth’s internal
heat. Secondary resources, photosynthesis and fossil fuel. The fossil fuel
bank. Global perspective of energy resources, the growth of energy
demand, global requirement and distribution. Fossil energy; coal geology,
origins, stages of formation, properties, and ages, world coal resources;
petroleum nature, origin, generation.
World petroleum resources
problems of fossils fuel conversion. Nuclear energy: Nuclear reactions
and reactors, fuel requirement for reactors: uranium, geology and
geochemistry; occurrence pegmatite’s and magmatic deposits, veins (e.g.
fissures, fault zones), unconformities, production and economics
importance, reserves and resources. Geothermal Energy; Hyper-thermal
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resources, hot rocks. Geysers and warm springs. Surface Energy; solar
energy –thermal collection, photovoltaic conversion, biomass conversion
through photosynthesis. Wind energy, Hydro-electric power-contribution
to global power supplies. Tidal power, Wave energy.
AGY518 Geotechnics (2-0-0-) 2 Units
Geotechnics and applications, terrain classification, Application of soil
mechanics, water retaining structures, dams, highways, foundations, slope
stability, settlement, design of structures, site investigations methods –
tunneling, driving and sampling techniques. Reclamation and dredging,
Erosion problems.
AGY519 Geology of Nigeria (2-0-0) 2 Units
Major geomorphic and structural elements in Nigeria. The Basement
Complex; origin, structure and evolution of early-middle Proteozic
lithostratigraphy schist belt, pan African orogeny and the evolution of
older granites. The Jurassic of Nigeria younger granite. Postpaleozoic
drfts and the evolution. Structure and stratigraphy of the Nigerian
sedimentary basins. The lectures must be complemented with geological
map of Nigeria and excursion at the end of the semester around some
Basement complex and sedimentary parts of Nigeria.
AGY521 Exploration and Mining Geology (2-0-0) 2 Units
Definition and scope of mineral exploration. Mode of occurrence and
factors controlling ore deposition.
Concepts of ore search.
Reconnaissance and detailed exploration techniques; geological,
geochemical and geophysical. Types of drilling and machinery, ore
reserve estimation Mining and mining methods. Factors controlling the
choice of mining methods. Geological mapping and surveying of openpits and underground mines. Roles of geologists in mining. Introduction
to mineral economic. Mining rights and mining law.
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AGY523 Basin Analysis (2-0-0) 2 Units
Description of sediment transport determinations under unidirectional
currents, waves and wave/current interaction. Basic concepts of sediment
movement within the context of coastal and inner continental shelf waters.
A series of applied studies such as modeling of non-cohesive/cohesive
sediment transport; sea bed scouring; beach.
2.3 DESCRIPTION OF COURSES (APPLIED GEOPHYSICS)
AGP203 Introduction to Earth Physics (3-0-0) 3 Units
Solar system and earth’s history. The earth’s interiors. Seismiciy and
earthquake zones. Erth’s gravitational field, origin, nature law of
gravitation, measurements, variation, shape of the earth (polar flattening
concept). Earth’s revolution and planetary motion. Kepler’s law of
planetary motion. The Earth’s magnetic field. Rock magnetism,
measurement, magnetization proress, hysteresis loop, paleomagnetism,
polar wandering and the continental drift.
Head flow and
geothermometry.
AGP301 Gravity Methods in Prospecting (2-0-3) 3 Units
Introduction: potential theory, gravitational attraction, Green and Gauss
theorems. The field equations, Green’s formulae and equivalent surface
layers. Fundamental principles and instrumentations, Field procedure
(data acquisition), data reduction. Residualization process (residual and
regional anomaly separation). Bouguer and free air anomalies. Isostasy,
interpretation of gravity data and anomalies, depth and total mass
estimates, Application of gravity methods in mineral and Oil exploration
and geologic mapping.
AGP303 Electrical Methods in Prospecting (2-0-3) 3 Units
An introduction to the fundamentals of electrical methods; potential
distribution in the earth; electrical properties of rocks and ores,
instrumentation, field procedure, computations.
Interpretation, and
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application of electrical exploration methods namely; Electrical resistivity
self or spontaneous potential, Telluric, Induced polarization.
Co-requisite: PHY303
AGP304 Magnetic Methods in Prospecting (2-0-3) 3 Units
Introduction; Potentials function, Fundamentals of magnetic dipole
interactions with applications to simple mass distribution (relative and
absolute equipments), data acquisition; field procedure, Air borne,
seaborne and ground magnetic surveys, Interpretations and data reduction.
World magnetic map and distribution, Applications of magnetic methods
in mineral exploration and geologic mapping.
AGP306 Seismic Refraction Methods in Prospecting (2-0-3) 3 Units
Wave types, P-wave, S-wave, Raleigh wave, Love wave, Elastic and
deformation properties of materials. Seismic waves, direct, refracted and
reflected wave paths. Curved ray theory and applications, Refraction for
the n-layer horizontal case. Numerical solution for a refraction profile
over a single dipping interface. Field techniques, processing and
interpretation of modern seismic refraction section, static correction
charts.
AGP308 Independent Geological Field Mapping and Geophysical
Field Work (0-0-6) 2 Units.
Field mapping exercise and geophysical field work using electrical
resistivity, ground magnetic and spontaneous polarization techniques as
may be applicable lasting 4-6 weeks in selected parts of Nigeria
comprising 2 weeks of supervised and 4 weeks of independent during first
semester at 400 level. A report on this exercise must be written and
submitted.
Pre-requisite AGY203, AGY208, AGY303, AGP301, AGP303
Co-requisite AGP304.
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AGP314 Geophysics for Geologists and Engineers (2-0-3 3 Units
Gravity and magnetic methods; data acquisition and interpretation.
Electrical potential, potential due to a point source (general concept and
applications to various electrodes configurations to obtain the apparent
resistivity); spontaneous potential and electrical resistivity methods.
Electrical receptivity field equipments, data acquisition and interpretation.
AGP403 Radioactivity Prospecting Methods (1-0-3) 2 Units
Fundamental principle of radioactivity, Nuclear disintegration, radioactive
decay processes, radioactivity of rocks.
Soils and minerals,
Instrumentation and data interpretation Radiometry, Radiometric mapping,
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sound and interpretation. Case
histories and field work.
AGP 405 Electromagnetic Prospecting Techniques (2-0-3) 3 Units
Overview of the application of electrical methods in mineral exploration.
The principles of electromagnetic methods.
Classification of
electromagnetic method. Amplitude and phase anomalies, compensator
method. Turam method, Moving source and receive mthods. Transient
electromagnetic methods (TEM). Maxwell’s electromagnetic equations,
Electromagnetic depth soundings and interpretation, Applications of
electromagnetic methods in mineral and groundwater exploration.
Pre-requisite PHY303 AGP303
AGP409 Seismic Reflection Prospecting Method (3-03) 4 Units
Ray path geometry of seismic reflection, Instrumentation sources
(explosives and non explosives, their advantages and limitations);
Detectors (Geophones and hydrophones, mechanisms or detection using
damped harmonic oscilation concept). Processing of seismic reflection
data; move outs (Normal move outs, dip move out, common depth point
and CP gather; stacking; migration, convolution and deconvolution Field
techniques and interpretation of modern seismic reflection sections.
Pre-requisite AGP306
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AGP410 Seminar (1-0-0) 1 Unit
Presentation of seminar by class members on a chosen topic investigated
personally from the field of geophysics.
AGP411 Exploration Geophysics (2-0-3) 3 Units
Role of geophysics in ore and oil prospecting, methods or geophysics,
basic sciences and applied geology, Magnetic methods, Earth’s magnetic
field, magnetic susceptibility of rocks and ores. Instruments and field
procedures, interpretation of data, aerial magnetic surveys, Resolving
different geological problems by magnetic methods. Gravity methods,
Fundamental principles, instruments, field procedure and reduction of
gravity data. Density of rocsks and ores, Interpretation of gravity data.
Application of gravity method in prospecting and exploration for oil and
ores.Electrical methods; Fundamental principles, electrical properties of
rocks and ores, self potential, resistivity and equipotent methods. The
“mise-a-la -masse” method. Electromagnetic and induced polarization
methods, Application of electrical methods in oil and mineral prospecting,
radioactive methods, Prospecting techniques, radioactive elements in
rocks and minerals, prospecting for radioactive ores and examples of
radioactive surveys.
Pre-requisite AGP203
AGP413 Signal Processing Skills for Geophysicists (1-0-3) 2 Units
Signals processing; Definition of signals, signals transmission
(Modulation and demodulation); carrier waves, signals amplification,
mutiplexing, demultiplexing,; digital representation. Noise, Filters (lowpass, high-pass, bank reject Notch. Chebysheve, Butterworhs). Sampling
theory, Contour map gridding and digitization techniques.
AGP401 Borehole Geophysics (2-0-3) 3 Units
Fundamental principles of Borehole geophysics, Geophysical borehole
techniques; Electrical, radioactive and neutron logging technique. Archie’s law,
Application of geophysical logging in oil and mining geology.
Pre-requisite 303
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ESC400 Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) 04 Units
Six months industrial attachments in industries, research institutes and
government establishments/ parastatals. The students prepare and defend
the reports on the scheme.
AGP501 Archaeometry (2-0-3) 3 Units
Radioactivity and radioactive decay process.
Radioisotopes and
applications. Radioisotope dating elements (carbon-14, Rb-sr, K-Ar, ArAr); Decay schemes and applications in age determination of fossils and
rocks. Physical dating techniques ; Gas-spanning (Thermo luminescence,
optical stimulated Luminescence, electron spin resonance); Accelerator
mass spectrometry; shallow geophysical technique (Electrical and
magnetic methods, Ground-penetrating radar system). Ages of the earth,.
Its material contents and the solar systems discoveries.
AGP502 Geodynamics and Solid Earth Geophysics (2-0-3) 3 Units
The use of geophysics to describe the internal structure of he earth. Other
topics include; seismology – interpretation of first motions from
seismogram to determine focal” mechanisms, terrestrial heat flow
practical experience of the application of elastic plate bending theory and
heat conduction equations; geomagnetism and palaeomagnetism with an
emphasis on understanding the geometry, kinematics and dynamics of
plate motion, and interpretation of palaomagnetic data in terms of largescale plate motions. Development of simple models of lithosphere
rheology and application to case studies.
AGP503 Computational Geophysics (2-0-3) 3 Units
Fourier series, Fourier Integrals, Fourier transforms and applications time
series analysis of geophysical waveforms and data filter design
convolution impulse response sampling theory. Review and detailed study
of Z-transforms and geophysical application. Specil functions, Gamma,
delta, and Bessel functions with particular attention to geophysical
application. The computer must be extensively used by grouping the
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students and assign them laboratory work which must be submitted with
reports.
Pre-requisite CSE204
AGP504 Hydorgeophysics )2-0-3) 3 Units
Applications of geophysical methods in ground water exploration, Aquifer
determination in basement complex and sedimentary area. Mapping of
geological structure useful to groundwater investigation, Determination of
aquifer characteristics. Relevant geophysical techniques and Field
procedures, Borehole location strategy, Case histories.
Pre-requisite AGY206, AGP308, AGP405
AGP505 Environmental Geophysics (2-0-3) 3 Units
Application of geophysical techniques in environmental pollution studies,
saline water intrusion and mapping, Determination of groundwater quality,
Chemical pollution at industrial sites and delineation of chemical plumes,
oil spillage, pollution and its mapping.
AGP506 Case Histories and Current Trend in Geophysics (1-0-0) Unit
Students will write reports on important and new developments in
geophysics. The case histories of interest include; Applied geophysical
methods in mineral exploration, Oil prospecting; Ground water
Investigation, Detailed geophysical investigations and survey in Nigeria;
problems and prospects.
AGP507 Engineering Geophysics (2-0-3) 3 Units
Shallow geophysical techniques for evaluation of engineering parameters;
elastic co-efficient, geologic structure, groundwater, seismic hazards and
regulatory criteria.
Prerequisite AGP306, AGP318, AGP405
AGP509 Reservoir Geophysics (2-0-3) 3 Units
Concepts of the logging techniques, Electrical logging methods,
Resistively, self potential, Induced
polarization, Electromagnetic,
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dipmeter, Porosity, Sonic, density and neutron los, Instruments, data
acquisition and interpretation of logs. Applications of geophysical logs in
oil and groundwater exploration.
Voids; origin, types and relationship to porosity, Digenesis and formation
of oil reservoirs. Permeability concepts, types (effective and relative
permeability), significance and piper representation for oil, water and gas
permeability.
Classification of oil and gas traps, Petrophysical
characteristics of hydrocarbon source, reservoir and cap rock,
Hydrocarbon recovery methods primary, secondary and tertiary, Coring;
cutting, Cleaning, Storage and applications.
Pre-requisite AGP401
AGP512 Geophysical Field Methods and Instrumental Analysis (2-03) 3 Units
Study of the essential elements of geophysical data acquisition systems.
Seismic surveys using explosive and surface sources, Elements of current
and voltage measurement circuitries in electrical prospecting methods.
Field surveys using gravimeters and land based magnetometers. Sources
and receivers in electromagnetic prospecting, Field procedures for the
different electromagnetic methods, Geophysical logging instruments and
methods, Instrument circuitry in induced polarization.
Pre-requisite PHY204, AGY307, AGP308
AGP514 Contaminants Transports and Groundwater Remediation
(2-0-3) 3 Units
Brief introduction to fluid mechanics and Darcy’s law. Single phase flow
and the associated dynamics and kinematics, Darcy’s law for single phase
flow, Multiphase flow, general conception, geologic medium, problems of
multiphase flow system (fluids miscibility and saturation). Flow models,
Network flow model; theoretical basis and assumptions, Continuity
equation, Numerical solutions to the flow model fracture network model
solute (tracers and contaminants) transport in geologic media homogenous
and heterogeneous media, adjective dispersive equation, breakthrough
curves, Application to groundwater contaminants and use of tracers.
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Groundwater remediation technology: Geological and geophysical
approach.
AGP510 Supervised Independent Final Year Project (0-0-18) 6 Units
An independent research project in geophysical field of interest by student
and supervised by staff during the final year. The research must involve
field work.
AGP515 Introduction to Earth Observations (2-0-3) 3 Units
Introduction on earth observatory systems, Modern earth observation
techniques and applications. The diverse applications of satellite earth
observations, The historical development of earth observing systems.
Remote sensing of the atmosphere, Land remote sensing, Observing the
earth as a system, Handling remote sensing data, Data processing and
analysis for earth observation, Data visualization and presentation. Using
in situ instrumentation and measurements for calibration, validation and
complement satellite data. Combining data from different sources
(synergy). Earth observation as an international activity – the space
agencies and other international organizations. Policy and legal issues,
who owns satellite data?, source of funds. Global monitoring for
environment and security. The future of earth observations.
AGP516 Modeling in Geophysics (1-0-3) 2 units
Specific topics to be covered are; quantitative earth science;
hydrodynamic and climate system; biogeochemical cycling and
geophysical imaging, modeling and inversion-understanding of a variety
of forward and inverse modeling approaches and apply them intelligently
to earth system science.
Use of numerical models in scientific
programming. The lectures must be complemented with computer-based
practical sessions and students presentations.
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2.4 LOGISTICS FOR GEOLOGICAL FIELD MAPPING
Introduction
Geological mapping is the process of gathering geological data in the field
and adding that to a topographic map to create a geological map of our
own. It involves the careful observation of exposures, searching for other
clues about the hidden geology, interpretation of these data to create the
map and often, then writing a report to accompany the map. It can be fun
and it will change the way that a student looks at published geological,
maps and perhaps the science as a whole. A general introduction to
geological sciences and courses in Physical and Historical Geology,
Mineralogy, Petrology, Structural Geology, Stratigraphy and
Sedimentology are required pre-requistites. The main purpose of
fieldwork is to inculcate in the students, the art of map reading, simple
observation on outcrops and the use of the compass-clinometer to measure
strike and dip
The main aspects include:
 Introduction to field geological mapping techniques and recording
of outcrop information from igneous, metamorphic and
sedimentary rocks.
 Fieldwork Tools
 Report Writing
 Field Safety.
Fieldwork Tools
1. Geology compass equipped with clinometer (not hikers’ compass,
positioning compass)
2. Hard-cover field notebook
3. Geological hammer, chisels
4. Proper field clothing: sun hat, sunglasses, strong walking boots
with spare laces, thick socks; Avoid red clothing and perfumes
5. Protractor, ruler, set square (Maths set)
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6. Pencil (2H and HB) coloured crayons/pencils, sharpeners, rubber
and graph paper
7. Mapping case (large enough to take maps and air photo)
8. Pocket measuring tape (5m)
9. Sample bags and waterproof markers
10. Binoculars and camera
11. GPD (or altimeter/aneroid barometer)
12. Hand lens
13. Diluted hydrochloric acid in small bottle
14. Global Positioning System (GPS)
Topographic/Base Map
A topographical map is an already prepared map by a cartographer on
which the geologist plots his data. The scale adopted for the map may be
enlarged depending on the scale adopted for the field exercise to form base
map. Good topographical maps show all the major natural topographical
features such as hills, plains, valleys, rivers as well as towns, villages,
major and secondary roads, bridges, among others. In mapping any
locality, the student needs to be able to:
*
locate himself and place the rock exposures on the basemap
(topographic map).
*
obtain systematic necessary information from the rock exposures,
and
*
interpret and utilize the geologic information so obtained.
Global Positioning system (GPS)
The use of GPS helps the student to properly locate himself in the
field, as it provides information on longitudes and latitudes, elevations and
bearing, which should be correlated with the coordinate details on the
basemap.
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Notebook, Pencil and Eraser
These constitute the major recording tools during geological field
mapping. The standard field notebook is a pocket-size hardcover type. 2H
pencils and good quality erasers are widely used for mapping and should
be attached to the map case. The inside from cover page should contain
the bio-data of student: e.g. Full name, home address (not school address)
next of kin name; address and phone number, blood group, specific
medical need.
Compass-Clinometer
The compass-clinometer is a very important equipment used to
examine the structural features of an outcrop, in order to understand the
geologic history of the area of interest. Strike and dip measurements
record the structural attitude of rocks (e.g. layers, planar fabrics of folds,
cleavages, faults joints and planar veins). It also aid field traversing as a
tool for determination of directions.
Scale Protractor
Protractor is used for plotting bearing lines and symbols of structures on
maps and photographs. It helps to measure angles as well as locations at
given points.
Hammer and Chisel
These are indispensable and useful tools for breaking off hard (igneous or
metamorphic or indurated sedimentary) rocks during fieldwork. Usually,
only fresh samples are collected and these should be properly labeled with
type name, sample (location) number and date with waterproof/permanent
marker. Good and adequate sampling gives strong value to fieldwork and
a sense of accomplishment to the field geologist.
Sample Bags
Representative samples collected from the field for detailed analysis after
fieldwork must be stored in temporary containers referred to as sample
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bags. Cloth or plastic sample bags can be used depending on the nature
and type of samples collected.
Steel Tape/Ruler
To plot the exact positions of rocks and their exposures during fieldwork,
it is important to measure distances in metres to a good degree of
accuracy.
Hand lens
Hand lens is a very useful tool for on-the-spot examination of textures,
mineral grains in rocks and the finer details of fossils in the field.
Camera
A camera, preferably the digital type, is useful in recording pictures and
important structural features in the field.
Clothing, Footwear and Hat
Brightly coloured dresses/clothing such as white, bright red and bright
yellow are recommended as they easily reveal the presence of human
beings. Spotted or striped clothing/dresses such as snake skin and tiger
coat or any wildlife skin colours are dangerous as hunters may mistake
such colour in the bush for real animals. All students irrespective of sex
and beliefs, should put on jeans trousers. Footwear should be any strong
brand that have sufficient grip on slippery earth and slopes. It is dangerous
and absolutely useless to wear high-heeled shoes and slippery footwear as
they easily cause accidents and slow down the progress of the mapping. A
broad, hard hat and sunglasses are useful shields during mapping in a hot
bright day.
2.5 REPORT WRITING

Title Page and author: The title should be concise and
informative, for example “The geology of …”
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






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Abstract: A short précis of the report that should make sense
without reading the whole report, designed to give the reader the
key points about the geology of the area.
The main part of the report is split into sections or chapters (such
as the examples below):
Introduction: The introduction includes the aims of the mapping,
details of previous research in the area (from your literature
search), techniques used in the present investigation, geography
and geomorphology.
The Rocks: A descriptive listing of the rock types in the area
should be
Geological history of the Area
Geology and Landscape
Conclusions
References: Remember to follow accepted standards for
referencing.
2.6: FIELD SAFETY
Activity
Hazard
Risk
Action
Hammerin
g or using a
hammer
and chisel
Pieces of rock
may fly off and
cause injury to
you or others
nearby
Moderate to
high depending
on your
experience
Handling
specimens
Sharp edges-some
specimens,
especially “hard
Moderate to
high
 Never use a hammer
if other people are
near you
 Never use a second
geological hammer
as a chisel
 Never hammer under
an overhang or on a
loose rock face
 Consider wearing
thick gloves to
protect your hands
 Carry out a visual
inspection before
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rocks” that have
been recently
hammered, may
have sharp edges
that could cause
cuts.


Augering
to obtain
samples of
sub-soil
Heavy lifting
when removing
auger from hole
Back strain


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handing specimens,
do not hold the sharp
edges and take care
when handing
specimens to other
students
Wear stout gloves
when hammering
“hard rocks”
Do not discard rock
fragments with sharp
edges in fields where
they will be a hazard
to livestock and
wildlife
Do the augering in
stages-don’t put the
auger in so deep that
it is difficult to lift
using your leg
muscles rather than
by bending your
back.
Ask someone else to
help you