SNC4M
W2013
SNC4M Final Exam Review
Unit 1: Medical Technologies
Alternative Medicine
Artificial Organ
Viremia
Bypass Surgery
Negative Feedback Loop
Systolic Pressure
Medical Technology
Radiology
Tomography
PET
Systemic Circulation
Atrium
Veins
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
Vital Capacity
Assistive Device
Hematopoiesis
Blood Transfusion
Vital Signs
Positive Feedback Loop
Diastolic Pressure
Medical Device
X-Rays
CT Scan
Circulatory System
Pulmonary Circulation
Ventricle
Arteries
Atrioventricular (AV) Node
Experitory Reserve
Prosthetic Limb
Sepsis
Body Mass Index
Feedback Loops
Sphygmomanometer
Pulse
Plastic Surgery
Ultrasound
MRI
Respiratory System
Septum
Valve
Capillaries
Tidal Volume
1. Create a table comparing the four subcategories of medical technologies
2. Define low, medium, and high risk medical device. Give an example for each
3. What is the difference between a positive and a negative feedback loop? What are the three parts
of a feedback loop?
4. For blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and respiratory rate give the range for human norm
values. Which vital sign has the most variation?
5. What are the two “fifth vital signs”?
6. What are the three main components of the circulatory system? What are the main functions of the
circulatory system?
7. Label the heart structure on the attached diagram sheet, include Right atrium, right ventricle, left
atrium, left ventricle, septum, and aorta
8. Compare and contrast between veins, arteries, and capillaries.
9. What are the three main parts/requirements for the respiratory system
10. Trace the path that air takes as it enters the respiratory system. Use the terms alveoli, trachea nasal
cavity, bronchioles, pharynx, larynx, bronchi. Label these structures on the respiratory system
diagram on the diagram sheet attached
11. Create a table that shows what the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are doing during inhalation
and exhalation.
12. What role does the medulla oblongata play in respiration?
13. Explain why BMI is controversial?
14. What BMI values are considered: underweight? normal? overweight? Obese?
15. Calculate the BMI value for somebody who is 5’6” and 200lbs
16. For each of the following radiology examples explain the mechanisms used and give an example of
what it would be used for: xray, ultrasound, CT scans, MRI, PET scans
SNC4M
W2013
Unit 2: Pathogens and Diseases
Pathogen
Host
Epidemiology
Pandemic
Hematophagic
Airborne
Vaccines
Miasma
Vector
Parasite
Transmission
Eradication
Droplet Contact
Fecal-Oral Pathway
Antibiotics
Miasma Theory Germs
Virus
Virulence
Endemic
Prion
Indirect Contact
Preventative
Sanitizers
Bacteria
Germ Theory
Epidemic
Protist
Vertical Transmission
Reactionary
PHAC
1. For each type of pathogens give an example of an illness and the specific pathogen that causes
it, as well as treatment options (if applicable): Bacteria, Virus, Protists, Prion
2. Give two examples of a reactionary measure and a preventative measure to prevent pathogen
infection.
3. Compare the active ingredient in vaccine and antibiotics. What are each used to treat?
4. What are some other ways that people can prevent themselves from pathogens, other than
antibiotics and vaccines.
5. What was the bubonic plague? What caused the outbreak? Why did it kill so many people?
What theory was used at the time to try to explain what caused the illness?
6. What is the PHAC? When was it founded? What event triggered its creation?
7. What is fluwatch? What are the four levels of influenza activity levels?
8. List the three lines of defense of our immune system
9. Outline the steps of inflammatory response. What role do histamine and phagocytes play?
10. Outline the steps of specific immune response. Explain the role of both T-cells and B-cells
11. What is the difference between Active and passive immunity?
12. List and define the three general modes of disease transmission
13. Outline the fecal-oral route of disease transmission. What are two examples of illnesses that
are commonly spread this way?
14. Give an example of an insect-borne pathogen
15. Explain the difference between direct and indirect contact as a mode of disease transmission.
16. Explain the difference between gastroenteritis (stomach flu) and influenza in terms of
symptoms.
Unit 3: Science and Public Health
Public Health
Influenza A virus
HIV
superbugs
Safe Injection Site
Pandemic
H1N1 Virus
Antigen
Antibodies
AIDS
Retrovirus
VRE
Bisphenol A
Opportunistic pathogens
Basic Reproduction Number
Anti-viral drugs
CHVI
ITN
C.difficile
1. List the characteristics, goal, and focus of public health
2. What three categories is public health usually divided into? Describe each.
Avian flu
MRSA
LLIN
SNC4M
W2013
3. What outbreak was the first ever recorded in history? When and how was the cause of this
outbreak discovered?
4. For the black death pandemic state where it occurred, what caused it, how many people were
affected, and how we would treat the illness today
5. Compare influenza A, B, and C. Which is the most rare? Which most commonly affects
humans?
6. How is swine flu different from seasonal influenza?
7. Who is considered to be in a high risk group for flu infection? Why?
8. Explain how the HIV virus attacks the immune system
9. What are some opportunistic pathogens that people with HIV/AIDS commonly become infected
with.
10. List three ways HIV can be transmitted
11. Who is currently working on a vaccine for HIV?
12. Explain how bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics naturally
13. Make a list of human activities that influence the development of superbugs
14. Why is it important to insure that poultry is cooked properly, and the area where it was
prepared is cleaned thoroughly after?
15. Who is at greatest risk for acquiring a superbug? Why?
16. Complete the following flow chart to organize the environmental factors discussed in class
Environmental factors
influencing public
health
17. For each environmental factor above explain how it impacts public health
18. List and give a brief description of the 7 social and economic factors that impact public health
19. What harmful chemical is found in plastics? Why is it a threat to public health? How did Canada
respond to this issue?
20. What are two illnesses that mosquito nets help prevent? What is the difference between ITN
and LLIN?
SNC4M
W2013
21. What are some specific areas in Africa where non-profit organizations are helping with the
mosquito net initiative?
22. What are safe injection sites? Where is the one in Canada located? Describe the services
provided? Do you think it is beneficial to the community? Why or why not (support with facts)
23. Compare Subharan Africans to Aboriginal Canadians as susceptible populations. List three
reasons that each are classified as susceptible. What types of illnesses/health issues are they
susceptible to?
Unit 4: Nutritional Science
Mouth
Bolus
Enzyme
Amylase
Physical digestion
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Peristalsis
Chemical
digestion
Sphincter
Stomach
Small intestine
Rectum
Anus
Nutrient
Vitamin
Mineral
Carbohydrate
Protein
Lipid
Monosaccharide
Denatured
Disaccharide
Calorie
Polysaccharide
Calorimetry
Saturated fat
Body Image
Bulimia Nervosa
Megarexia
Gastroenterology
Antioxidant
Basal metabolic
rate
Esophagus
Large intestine
(Colon)
Nutritional
Science
Organic
Compound
Unsaturated fat
Anorexia
Nervosa
Fiber
1. Trace the path that food takes through digestive tract. Include the following organs and their
functions in your answer: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum,
anus.
2. Label the digestive system on the following diagram sheet including the above terms as well as
the salivary glands, liver and pancreas.
3. What hormone plays a role in the digestive system?
4. What enzyme is found in the mouth? What role does it play?
5. Compare Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Lipids in their structural components. How many
calories per gram does each have?
6. Determine the % of calories that come from carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
using the nutrition label to the right
7. What role does Vitamin A and C play in the body? What are some good sources
for each?
8. What role do Iron, Calcium, and Sodium play in the body? What are some good
sources for each?
9. What is a common function of minerals in the body?
10. List 5 tips for maintaining a proper diet? What should you try and eat the most
of? And the least of?
11. What is calorimetry used for? How does it work?
SNC4M
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
W2013
Explain the importance of drinking water and obtaining fiber.
What is BMR? calculate yours.
List and describe the three subcategories of digestive disorders, give an example for each
Explain how heartburn occurs? What subcategory would it be classified as and why.
Outline the four dimensions of body image.
List and describe three eating disorders that stem from body image disturbances
Unit 5: Biotechnology
Biotechnology
Red biotechnology
Blue Biotechnology
Green Biotechnology
White Biotechnology
Environmental Biotechnology
Medical Biotechnology
Agricultural Biotechnology
Food Biotechnology
Therapeutic Cloning
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Bt Corn
Genes
DNA
Protein
GMF or GMO
Biopharming
Biofortification
Gene Bank
Micropropagation
Reproductive Cloning
Bioprocessing
Bioremediation
Stem Cells
Tissue Engineering
Biosensor
Biofuel
Biodiesel
Biofuel cell
Replacement Cloning
Describe the structure of DNA. How is the structure of RNA different? (Give 2 differences)
Explain how DNA and protein are related.
Outline the six steps of protein synthesis.
What was the first modern example of biotechnology?
Give an example of an application of agriculture biotechnology
Give an example of an application of food biotechnology
Outline the potential risks with modifying food
What are three reasons why we should pursue environmental biotechnology?
Outline the four current areas of research. Which do you think is the most beneficial for the
environment? Why?
Do you think biofuels will become more common than fossil fuels? Why or why not?
Describe the process used to create insulin
Explain what stem cells are. What characteristics of stem cells make them ideal for the
treatment of illness or generation of tissues
Explain the difference between therapeutic and reproductive cloning.
Give an argument for and against reproductive cloning (from note)
SNC4M
DIAGRAM SHEET
W2013