Ch. 10/12 Notes- Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
______________- Is the breakdown of rock into smaller and smaller pieces.
2 types of weathering:
_______________ Weathering: simply the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical means.
Ex: ice, ___________, water, gravity, __________, and animals.
Examples of mechanical weathering:
 Ice __________
 _____________________ into cracks to spread more
 Gravity, water, and wind cause _______________
 Activities of __________________________________ on rock
Chemical _________________: chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals into new substances.
 Agents of chemical weathering: _________, weak acids, ________, and soil.
Examples of chemical weathering:
 Water ____________ rocks and minerals.
 _____________________________ acids from pollution
 Natural acids found in ______________________
 __________________ from oxygen and other metallic elements combining.
_____________ of Weathering
_______________________: process by which softer, less weather resistant rocks wear away.
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The __________ the surface area of a rock, the __________ the rate of weathering.
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________________________ promote different rates of weathering.
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Chemical weathering occurs ____________ in warm, humid climates.
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Usually occurs at faster rate at ________________ due to an increase in ice, rain, and wind.
Soil

_________ is made up of loose, weathered material that can include organic material called humus.
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Also includes __________________________
Residual soils rest _____________ of their parent rock, and transported soils collect in areas far from
their parent rock.
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Soils usually consists of ___________, layers that are different from one another.
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Soils are ___________ b/c they provide nutrients for plants, _____________________, and storage
for water.
_________________- ability of soil to provide nutrients so that plants can survive and grow

Soils _____________________________ from nutrient depletion and erosion through the use of
soil conservation methods.
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______________________ have different ____________________, depending on temp. and rain
fall
Agents of Erosion and Deposition
_______________: breakdown and movement of materials.
Deposition: takes place when these materials are __________
1. _______________: where land and water meet
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Wind from storms usually produces large waves that cause ______________________.
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Surf- _______________ when they enter shallow water.
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_____________ are made of the materials ____________________.
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Sandbars and spits are _______________________ caused by longshore currents.
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_______________, sea caves, ________________, and sea stacks are coastal formations
caused by wave erosion.
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Longshore current cause sand to move in a _________________ along the shore.
2. Wind

Is an important agent of ________________________________ in deserts and along coastlines.

________________: process of the wind bouncing sand grains downwind along the grain.
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Deflation: ______________ of materials by wind. If deflation removes all fine rock materials, a
barren surface called desert pavement is formed.
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Abrasion: ____________________ down of rock surfaces by other rock or sand particles.
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________________: formations caused by wind-deposited sand.
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Loess: _____________________________ and it forms soil material good for farming.
 3 formations caused by wind erosion and deposition: _________________, deflation hollows,
and ____________.
3. Ice
 Glaciers: masses of _____________________
 2 types of glaciers:
 __________________- form in ____________________ areas
 _________________ glacier- spread across entire _________________
Glaciers move when the ice that comes into ___________________________________ melts and when
the ice crystals slip over one another.
o Alpine glaciers produce _________________ features.
o Ex.- ___________, aretes, __________.
Continental glaciers _______________the landscape.
Glacial deposits:
 _______________: rock material that has been ___________________________ in layers
by water flowing from melting ice
 Till: ___________________________ that is deposited directly by ice melting
 Landforms deposited by glaciers include _______________________ and moraines.
4 types of moraines-__________, medial, _____________, and terminal
4. Gravity: causes __________________________ to move downslope
 Mass movement: movement of _________________________ due to force of gravity
 __________________________: steepest slope at which loose material will remain at rest.
 Rock falls, ________________, mudflows, and _______________ are all types of rapid
mass movement.
 Creep: type of ___________________________.
 Water, plants, and burrowing animals can cause _____________