A Bibliography/Toolbox
Parent Participation in Schooling, School
Health, Safety, Equity, Social & Sustainable
Development
The following outline is used to list research, reports and resources to describe interventions such as policies/
advocacy, professional or organizational practices, programs, services and other informal activities.
This bibliography/toolbox lists and provide links to research, reports and resources related to school-based and
school-linked forms of parent participation in schooling, school health, safety, equity, social and sustainable
development. Schools can work with other agencies to inform, involve, educate/train, support and empower
parents. Schools are concerned with how to involve parents in schools and their child’s learning but can also
deliver, facilitate, support, promote, refer and recruit parents for programs offered by other agencies and
professionals, either in schools or nearby in the community. Consequently, this collection includes items on most
parent programs, with the exception of those focused on families with very young children who have not yet
resched pre-school, daycare or junior kindergarten age.
Framework for Listing Research, Reports and Resources on School-based and School-Linked
Interventions
In this outline, we identify relevant research, reports and resources within an understanding of the issue that we
describe as an ecological and systems-based approach to school-based and school-linked health, safety, social and
sustainable development. This outline suggests that we need a holistic understanding of the nature, prevalence,
aspects and factors affecting the intervention, the influence of the school's physical and social environment as well
as its core practices, the effectiveness of comprehensive approaches, coordinated agency-school programs and
whole school strategies as well as how interventions can be implemented and sustained while ongoing capacities
are built at all levels within education, health and other systems in a manner that respects the complex, open,
loosely-coupled and bureaucratic systems that support schools. This outline also lists links that apply these
interventions in a variety of local community and country contexts with a deep understanding of the core
mandates and constraints of schools and educators. The outline concludes with items relating to future research
questions, and methods. Interventions are defined as including policies (including professional practice guidelines
and organizational practices), educational programs, health, social, student & other services, social support
activities such as parent involvement, youth engagement, working with media and community and changes to the
physical environment or other practical resources such as transportation to and from school. The research cited
here includes research reviews, important case studies and textbooks. The reports include discussion/position
papers and status reports. The resources include examples of programs/guidelines/mandates, planning
guides/manuals, educational programs/curricula/educational methods guides, health or other agency
service/clinical guidelines/mandates to work with schools, policy tools/guidelines/examples,
assessment/evaluation tools, training tools and other resources such as key web sites or organizations.
A. Defining, describing and Understanding the Intervention
Overview
Research
See our summaries: Glossary Term/Encyclopedia Entry/Handbook Section
_____________________________________________________________
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning, Training etc)
Barriers to Parent Involvement in School Health
Promotion (Canadian Association for School Health,
2001)
Ten Strategies for Parent Involvement in School Health
Promotion (Canadian Association for School Health,
2001)
Parent Engagement: Strategies for Involving Parents in
School Health (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention,
2012)
Community and Family Engagement: Principals Share
What Works. (Coalition for Community Schools, 2006)
Guide to implementing family skills training programmes
for drug abuse prevention. (United Nations Office on
Drugs and Crime, 2009
Julie Savignac (2009) Families, Youth and Delinquency:
the State of Knowledge, and Family-based Juvenile
Delinquency Prevention Programs,National Crime
Prevention Centre (NCPC) Public Safety Canada Ottawa,
Ontario Canada,
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
(nd), Model Programs Guide - Search Criteria, US
Department of Justice).
A-1 Rationale for using the Intervention (How it affects the individual’s or other’s behaviours, social
influences, social determinants, impact of the school, home, neighbourhood, community
environments, etc
Research
Overview of parent/family impact on behaviours
Resnick MD, Harris LJ, Blum RW. (1993) The impact
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
of caring and connectedness on adolescent health
and well-being. Journal of Paediatrics & Child
Health 1993;29 (Suppl 1):S3–9.
Mitchell, P., Sanson, A., Spooner, C., Copeland, J.,
Vimpani, G., Toumbourou, J.W., Howard, J., &
Sanson, A. (2001). The role of families in the
development, identification, prevention and
treatment of illicit drug problems. Commissioned
by the NHMRC for the Strategic Research
Development Committee’s National Illicit Drug
Research Program
Richard D. B. Velleman and Lorna J. Templetonl.
(2007) Substance misuse by children and young
people: the role of the family and implications for
intervention and prevention. Paediatrics and Child
Health, 17(1):25–30, January 2007.
Henry, Kimberly L.; Oetting, Eugene R.; Slater,
Michael D. (2009) The role of attachment to family,
school, and peers in adolescents’ use of alcohol: A
longitudinal study of within-person and betweenpersons effects. Journal of Counseling Psychology,
Vol 56(4), Oct 2009, 564-572.
Guilamo-Ramos, V., Jaccard, J., Dittus, P. & Bouris,
A.M. (2006). Parental expertise, trustworthiness
and accessibility: Parent-adolescent
communication and adolescent risk behavior.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 68, 1229–1246.
Chie Noyori-Corbett and Sung S. Moon.
(2010)Multifaceted reality of juvenile delinquency:
An empirical analysis of structural theories and
literature. Child and Adolescent Social Work
Journal, 27(4):245–268, August 2010.
Cleveland, Michael J.; Feinberg, Mark E.; Jones,
Damon E. (2012) Predicting Alcohol Use Across
Adolescence: Relative Strength of Individual,
Family, Peer, and Contextual Risk and Protective
Factors. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Mar 5 ,
2012, No Pagination Specified
Impact of family functioning/system on behaviours
A. Morawska, L. Winter, and M. R. Sanders. (2009)
Parenting knowledge and its role in the prediction
of dysfunctional parenting and disruptive child
behaviour. Child: Care, Health and Development,
35(2):217–226, 2009
Cassandra Dittman, Louise J. Keown, Matthew
Sanders, Dennis Rose, Susan P. Farruggia, and Kate
Sofronoff. (2011) An epidemiological examination
of parenting and family correlates of emotional
problems in young children. American Journal of
Orthopsychiatry, 81(3):360–371, 2011.
Carolyn S. Henry, Linda C. Robinson, and Stephan
M. Wilson. (2003) Adolescent perceptions of their
family system, parents’ behavior, Self-Esteem, and
family life satisfaction in relation to their substance
use. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance
Abuse, 13(2):29–59, February 2003.
Impact of parenting styles and skills on behaviours
David A. Wolfe and Caroline McIsaac. (2011)
Distinguishing between poor/dysfunctional
parenting and child emotional maltreatment. Child
Abuse & Neglect, 35(10):802–813, October 2011.
Izabela Tabak, Joanna Mazur, Maria del Carmen
Granado Alcón, Ágota Örkenyi, Apolinaras
Zaborskis, Katrin Aasvee, and Carmen Moreno
Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development
(2010) Parenting skills Centre of Excellence on
Early Childhood Development, University of
Montreal
(2012) Examining Trends in Parent-Child
Communication in Europe Over 12 Years The
Journal of Early Adolescence February 2012 32: 2654
Panayiotis Stavrinides (2011) The Relationship
Between Parental Knowledge and Adolescent
Delinquency: a Longitudinal Study International
Journal about Parents in Education 5, (1), 46-55
Elisardo Becoña, Úrsula Martı ́nez, Amador Calafat,
Montse Juan, José R. Fernández-Hermida, and
Roberto Secades-Villa. (2011) Parental styles and
drug use: A review. Drugs Edu Prev Pol, 19(1):1–10,
December 2011.
Tera R. Hurt, Gene H. Brody, Velma M. Murry, Cady
Berkel, and Yi-Fu Chen. (2012) Elucidating
parenting processes that influence adolescent
alcohol use: A qualitative inquiry. Journal of
Adolescent Research, July 2012.
Keryn E. Pasch, Melissa H. Stigler, Cheryl L. Perry,
and Kelli A.Komro. (2010) Parents’ and children’s
self-report of parenting factors: How much do they
agree and which is more strongly associated with
early adolescent alcohol use? Health Education
Journal, 69(1):31–42, March 2010.
Kerr, Margaret; Stattin, Håkan; Özdemir, Metin
(2012) Perceived Parenting Style and Adolescent
Adjustment: Revisiting Directions of Effects and the
Role of Parental Knowledge. Developmental
Psychology, Mar 26 , 2012, No Pagination Specified
Impact of parent-child communications on
behaviours
Zhiwen Xiao, Xiaoming Li, and Bonita Stanton
(2011) Perceptions of parent–adolescent
communication within families: It is a matter of
perspective. Psychology, Health & Medicine,
16(1):53–65, January 2011.
Tamara D. Afifi, Andrea Joseph, and Desiree Aldeis.
(2008) Why can’t we just talk about it? Journal of
Adolescent Research, 23(6):689–721, November
2008.
Tanusree Moitra, Indrani Mukherjee (2012) Parent
– Adolescent Communication and Delinquency: A
Comparative study in Kolkata, India Europe’s
Journal of Psychology, 8 (1) 74-94
Maria E. Perozzi (2007) Examining adolescent
drinking and adolescents’ perceptions of parental
monitoring, communication, and parenting style in
a rural setting, Thesis submitted to the faculty of
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Seldin, Bobbee (2002) The nature of parentadolescent communication about relationships
Thesis, Emory University
Impact of parental monitoring of their children’s
behaviours, values,
Philip A. Fisher, Leslie D. Leve, Catherine C. O’Leary,
and Craig Leve. (2003) Parental monitoring of
children’s behavior: Variation across stepmother,
stepfather, and Two-Parent biological families*.
Family Relations, 52(1):45–52, 2003.
Vincent Guilamo-Ramos, James Jaccard, Patricia
Dittus (2010) Parental Monitoring of
Adolescents: Current Perspectives for Researchers
and Practitioners Columbia University Press
Maria E. Perozzi (2007) Examining adolescent
drinking and adolescents’ perceptions of parental
monitoring, communication, and parenting style in
a rural setting, Thesis submitted to the faculty of
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Douglas A. Gentile, Amy I. Nathanson, Eric E.
Rasmussen, Rachel A. Reimer, and David A. Walsh.
(2012) Do you see what I see? Parent and child
reports of parental monitoring of media. Family
Relations, 61(3):470–487, 2012.
Jennifer Ruh Linder and Nicole E. Werner. (2012)
Relationally aggressive media exposure and
children’s normative beliefs: Does parental
mediation matter? Family Relations, 61(3):488–
500, 2012.
Impact of Mothers and Fathers on Child
Development
Amanda L. Hare, Emily G. Marston, and Joseph P.
Allen (2011) Maternal acceptance and adolescents’
emotional communication: A longitudinal study.
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(6):744–751,
June 2011.
Natoshia M. Askelson, Shelly Campo, and Sandi
Smith. (2011) Mother–Daughter communication
about sex: The influence of authoritative parenting
style. Health Communication, 27(5):439–448,
October 2011.
Christine M. Ohannessian. (2011) Parental problem
drinking and adolescent psychological problems:
The moderating effect of Adolescent–Parent
communication. Youth & Society, June 2011.
Impact of parent expectations on behaviours
Gary L. Bowen, Laura M. Hopson, Roderick A. Rose,
and Elizabeth J. Glennie. (2012) Students’
perceived parental school behavior expectations
and their academic performance: A longitudinal
analysis. Family Relations, 61(2):175–191, 2012.
Bobby P Smyth, Catherine D Darker, Erica DonnellySwift, Joe M Barry, Shane PA Allwright (2010) A
telephone survey of parental attitudes and
behaviours regarding teenage drinking BMC Public
Health 2010, 10:297
Camilla Pettersson, Margareta Linden-Boström,
and Charli Eriksson. (2009) Parental attitudes and
behaviour concerning adolescent alcohol
consumption: do sociodemographic factors
matter? Scandinavian Journal of Public Health,
37(5):509–517, July 2009.
Impact of parents as Role Models
Sarah Boon and Lorna Templeton (2007) Children
of Parental Substance Misusers and Substance
Misusers who are Parents: Study of Need and
Response for Norfolk university of Bath
Jennifer L. McComb and Catherine M. Sabiston.
(2011) Family influences on adolescent gambling
behavior: A review of the literature. Journal of
Gambling Studies, 26(4):503–520, December 2010.
Ying-Chih Chuang, Susan T. Ennett, Karl E. Bauman,
and Vangie A. Foshee. (2009) Relationships of
adolescents’ perceptions of parental and peer
behaviors with cigarette and alcohol use in
different neighborhood contexts. Journal of Youth
and Adolescence, 38(10):1388–1398, November
2009.
Grayson, Jessica L. (2010) The Relation
between Parent Substance Use
and Adolescent Risk Behaviors: A Normative Study
of Direct and Indirect Influences in
the Family Environment, Doctoral Dissertation, Arts
& Sciences, Ohio University
Ina M. Koning, Regina J. J. M. Eijnden, Jacqueline E.
E. Verdurmen, Rutger C. M. E. Engels, and Wilma A.
M. Vollebergh. (2012) Developmental AlcoholSpecific parenting profiles in adolescence and their
relationships with adolescents’ alcohol use. Journal
of Youth and Adolescence, pages 1–10, May 2012.
Impact of/interaction with social influences on
family functioning as a mediator on behaviours
Sheldon SB. (2002) Parents' social networks and
beliefs as predictors of parent involvement.
Elementary School Journal 2002; 102(4):301–316.
Impact of/interaction with social determinants on
family functioning as a mediator on behaviours
Carrie A. Semke, S. Andrew Garbacz, Kyongboon
Kwon, Susan M. Sheridan, and Kathryn E. Woods.
(2010) Family involvement for children with
disruptive behaviors: The role of parenting stress
and motivational beliefs. Journal of School
Psychology, 48(4):293–312, August 2010.
A-2 Linkage to other Interventions or to models/frameworks of comprehensive approaches,
coordinated programs or health-promoting school strategies (ie as one of the interventions in a set of
multiple coordinated interventions)
Research
Links with Multi-intervention
Models/Theories/Plans o rComprehensive
Approaches on School-Family-Community
Cooperation in Education/Part of Effective School
Models
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
Moran, P., Ghate, D. & Van der Merwe, A. (2004).
What works in parenting support? A review of the
international evidence. United Kingdom: Policy
Research Bureau, Department for Education and
Skills
Epstein JL. School, Family, and Community
Partnerships: Preparing Educators and Improving
Schools Second Edition. Boulder, CO: Westview
Press; 2011.
Hoover-Dempsey KV, Bassler OC, Brissie JS.
Explorations in parent-school relations. Journal of
Educational Research 1992;85:287–294.
Boaz Shulruf, Claire O’Loughlin, and Hilary Tolley.
(2009) Parenting education and support policies
and their consequences in selected OECD
countries. Children and Youth Services Review,
31(5):526–532, May 2009.
PARENT INVOLVEMENT ANALYSIS TOOL
The Parent Involvement Analysis online tool guides
a school-based team through an inventory and selfGreen CL, Walker JMT, Hoover-Dempsey KV,
assessment of parent involvement policies and
Sandler HM. (2007) Parents' motivations for
practices, resulting in recommendations for
involvement in children's education: an empirical
improvement that can become part of the school
test of a theoretical model of parental
improvement plan. The PIA provides: a school team
involvement. Journal of Educational Psychology
with a structured process to strengthen parent
2007;99(3):532–544.
involvement through the school improvement plan,
purposeful parent engagement that is linked to
Osnat Lavenda. (2011) Parental involvement in
student learning, rubrics for improving district and
school: A test of Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler’s
school parent involvement policies, the homemodel among Jewish and Arab parents in Israel.
school compact, and other policies connected to
Children and Youth Services Review, 33(6):927–
parent engagement, documentation for the
935, June 2011.
school's work for the district and state and a huge
S. Andrew Garbacz and Susan M. Sheridan (2011) A reservoir of parent involvement resource for use by
multidimensional examination of New Zealand
the school.
family involvement in education. School Psychology
The Family Engagement Tool
International, 32(6):600–615, December 2011.
The web-based Family Engagement Tool (FET)
Pullman M, Wiggins, E, Bruns E (2011) Theory,
guides a school team (including parents) in
Programs and Research on School-based Family
assessing every aspect of its family engagement
Support, Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, programs and practices and creating and
School of Medicine, University of Washington
monitoring an improvement plan based on
indicators of effective practice. The needs
Henderson AL, Mapp KT. (2002) A New Wave of
assessment phase is completed in about 5 hours by
Evidence: The Impact of School, Family, and
the school team. FET’s two-year process helps the
Community Connections on Student Achievement.
school determine needs, set priorities, develop a
Austin, TX: Southwest Educational Development
plan, monitor the plan, and strengthen the school
Laboratory; 2002.
community.
Beth S. Simon. (2001) Family involvement in high
school: Predictors and effects. NASSP Bulletin,
85(627):8–19, October 2001.
Family-School Partnerships in Rural Schools:
Engaging Families to Promote School Success (pdf)
Webinar Slides for US Department of Education
Yuki Matsumoto, Kate Sofronoff, and Matthew R. This presentation provides a framework for
Sanders. (2009) Socio-Ecological predictor model of working with families in rural areas to promote
parental intention to participate in triple P-Positive partnerships with their children's schools.
parenting program. Journal of Child and Family
Published Date: May 21 2012
Studies, 18(3):274–283, June 2009.
Diana B. Hiatt-Michael (2006)Reflections and
Directions on Research Related to FamilyCommunity Involvement in Schooling The School
Community Journal, Volume 16, Number 1
Mark R. Warren, Soo Hong, Carolyn Heang Rubin &
Phitsamay Sychitkokhong Uy (2009) Beyond the
Bake Sale: A Community-Based Relational
Approach to Parent Engagement in Schools The
Teachers College Record, 2009
Heather B. Weiss, Suzanne M. Bouffard, Beatrice L.
Bridglall, and Edmund W. Gordon (2009) Reframing
Family Involvement in Education: Supporting
Families to Support Educational Equity Campaign
for Educational Equity, Teachers College, Columbia
University
Yagnamurthy Sreekanth(2011) Parents
Involvement in the Education of their Children:
Indicators of Level of Involvement, International
Journal about Parents in Education, 2011, 5, (1),
25-35
Semke, Carrie A.; Sheridan, Susan M. (2012)Family–
School Connections in Rural Educational Settings: A
Systematic Review of the Empirical
Literature School Community Journal Vol 22, No 1,
21-48 - Spring/Summer 2012
Links with Multi-Intervention
Models/Theories/plans or comprehensive
approaches and Programs on Parenting
Sanders, M. (2003). Triple p - positive parenting
program: A population approach to promoting
competent parenting. Australian e-Journal for the
Advancement of Mental Health (AeJAMH), 2(3).
Retrieved August 31, 2007
Sanders, Matthew R. (2010) Adopting a public
health approach to the delivery of evidence-based
parenting interventions Canadian Psychology/
Psychologie canadienne, Vol 51(1), Feb 2010, 17-23
Oates, John ed. (2010). Supporting Parenting. Early
Childhood in Focus, 5. Milton Keynes: The Open
University
M. Sanders. (2002) Challenges and new directions
in developing effective empirically validated
parenting and family intervention programs,
Volume 2 of International Perspectives on Child
and Adolescent Mental Health, pages 37–68.
Elsevier, 2002.
ENGELS T.C.E., & ANDRIES C (2007) Developing a
framework for a family focused preventive
intervention using the Delphi method International
Journal of Child & Family Welfare, 2007/1-2, page
2-13
Linda Trudeau, Richard Spoth, G. Kevin Randall, W.
Alex Mason, and Chungyeol Shin.(2012)
Internalizing symptoms: Effects of a preventive
intervention on developmental pathways from
early adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of
Youth and Adolescence, 41(6):788–801, June 2012.
Links to Multi-intervention models/theories/plans What Parents and Teachers Should Know About
or comprehensive approaches on inclusion/special ADHD (pdf)
Center for Children & Families, University at Buffalo
education programs for children with disabilities
(SUNY) Briefly summarizes diagnostic criteria and
process, causes, lifespan outcomes, and treatment
for ADHD children and adolescents. Spanish
Translation available; research based.Published
2012
Links to Multi-intervention models/theories/plans
or comprehensive approaches early childhood
education and daycare programs
Links to Multi-intervention models/theories/plans
or comprehensive approaches for Children/Family
Services
Rhonda Breitkreuz, David McConnell, Amber
Savage, and Alec Hamilton. (2011) Integrating triple
p into existing family support services: A case study
on program implementation. Prevention Science,
12(4):411–422, December 2011
Melhuish M, Belsky J, Anning A, Ball M (2007)
Variation in Sure Start local programmes:
consequences for children and families in The
National Evaluation of Sure Start: Does Area-Based
Early Intervention Work? Bristol : Policy, 2007
Rhonda Breitkreuz, David McConnell, Amber
Savage and Alec Hamilton (2011) Integrating Triple
P into Existing Family Support Services: A Case
Study on Program Implementation Prevention
Science, Volume 12, Number 4 (2011), 411-422
Links to Multi-Intervention models/theories/plans
or comprehensive approaches for child protection
Jane Barlow and Rachel Calam. (2011) A public
health approach to safeguarding in the 21st
century. Child Abuse Review, 20(4):238–255, 2011.
Matthew Sanders and Aileen Pidgeon. (2011) The
role of parenting programmes in the prevention of
child maltreatment. Australian Psychologist,
46(4):199–209, 2011.
Heather B. Weiss, Suzanne M. Bouffard, Beatrice L.
Bridglall, and Edmund W. Gordon (2009) Reframing
Family Involvement in Education: Supporting
Families to Support Educational Equity Campaign
for Educational Equity, Teachers College, Columbia
University
Links with Multi-intervention
Models/Plans/Theories or Comprehensive
Approaches to School Health Promotion
Parent Engagement: Strategies for Involving
Parents in School Health (pdf)
Carlyon P, Carlyon W, McCarthy AR. Family and
Centers for Disease Control and PreventionThis
community involvement in school health. (1998) In: publication defines and describes parent
Marx E, Wooley SF, Northrop D, editors. Health is
engagement and identifies specific strategies and
Academic: A Guide to Coordinated School Health
actions that schools can take to increase parent
Programs. New York, NY: Teachers College Press;
engagement in schools’ health promotion
1998
activities. Published Jan 15 2012
Shannon Michael, Patricia Dittus, and Joyce
Epstein. (2007) Family and community involvement
in schools: Results from the school health policies
and programs study 2006. Journal of School Health,
77(8):567–587, October 2007
Perry CL, Luepker, Russell V.; Murray, David M.;
Hearn, Marsha D.; et al. (1989). Parent involvement
with children's health promotion: A one year
follow-up of the Minnesota Home Team. Health
Education Quarterly, 16(2):171-180:171-180.
Links with Multi-intervention
Models/Theories/Plans or Comprehensive
Approaches to Substance Abuse Prevention &
Tobacco Use
Perry, C. L., Williams, C. L., Komro, K.A., VeblenMortenson, S., Stigler, M.H., & Munson, K. (2002).
Project Northland: Long-term outcomes of
community action to reduce adolescent alcohol
use. Health Education and Behavior, 17(1), 117-132
Loxley, W., Toumbourou, J.W., & Stockwell, T.
(2004). The prevention of substance use, risk and
harm in Australia: A review of the evidence. The
National Drug Research Institute and the Centre for
Adolescent Health, Commonwealth of Australia
2004
Roe, S., & Becker, J. (2005). Drug prevention with
vulnerable young people: A review. Drugs:
education, prevention and policy, 12(2), 85-99.
Webster-Stratton, C., & Taylor, T. (2001). Nipping
early risk factors in the bud: Preventing substance
abuse, delinquency, and violence in adolescence
through interventions targeted at young children
(0–8 Years). Prevention Science, 2(3).
Richard D. B. Velleman, Lorna J. Templeton, and
Alex G. Copello. (2005) The role of the family in
preventing and intervening with substance use and
misuse: a comprehensive review of family
interventions, with a focus on young people. Drug
and Alcohol Review, 24(2):93–109, 2005.
D. R. Foxcroft, D. Ireland, D. J. Lister-Sharp, G.
Lowe, and R. Breen. (2003) Longer-term primary
prevention for alcohol misuse in young people: a
systematic review. Addiction, 98(4):397–411, 2003.
Caroline Jackson, Rosemary Geddes, Sally Haw, and
John Frank. (2012) Interventions to prevent
substance use and risky sexual behaviour in young
people: a systematic review. Addiction,
107(4):733–747, 2012.
Loxley, W., Toumbourou, J.W. & Stockwell, T.
(2004). The prevention of substance use, risk and
harm in Australia: A review of the evidence. Perth,
Australia: Department of Health and Aging
Jeong W. Cheon. (2008) Best practices in
community-based prevention for youth substance
reduction: towards strengths-based positive
development policy. J. Community Psychol.,
36(6):761–779, 2008.
Toumbourou, J. W., Williams, J., Patton, G. and
Waters, E. (2009) What Do We Know about
Preventing Drug-Related Harm through Social
Developmental Intervention with Children and
Young People?, in Preventing Harmful Substance
Use: The Evidence Base for Policy and Practice (eds
T. Stockwell, P. J. Gruenewald, John. W.
Toumbourou and W. Loxley), John Wiley & Sons
Ltd, Chichester, UK.
Carson KV, Brinn MP, Labiszewski NA, Esterman AJ,
Chang AB, Smith BJ (2011) Community
interventions for preventing smoking in young
people (Cochrane Review)
Hahn, E.J., Hall, L.A., Rayens, M.K., Myers, A.V. &
Bonnel, G. (2007). School and home-based drug
prevention: Environmental, parent and child risk
reduction. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy,
14, 319–331.
Soole, D.W., Mazerolle, L. & Rombouts, S. (2005).
Monograph No. 07: School based drug prevention:
a systematic review of the effectiveness on illicit
drug use. DPMP Monograph Series. Fitzroy:
Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre.
Gill Elliott, Michela Morleo, and Penny A. Cook
(2009) Identifying Effective Interventions for
Preventing Underage Alcohol Consumption Wirral
Drug and Alcohol Action Team
Richard Spoth, Mark Greenberg, Robert Turrisi
(2008) Preventive Interventions Addressing
Underage Drinking: State of the Evidence and Steps
Toward Public Health Impact J Public Health
(Oxf) 2012; 34:suppl_1 i31-i40
Kenneth W. Griffin, Gilbert J. Botvin (2010)
Evidence-Based Interventions for Preventing
Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents Child
Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2010 July; 19(3): 505–
526.
Links with Multi-intervention
Models/Theories/Plans or Comprehensive
Approaches to Mental Health Promotion
Brian Graetz, Lyn Littlefield, Margot Trinder,
Brenda Dobia, Mignon Souter, Chris Champion,
Susan Boucher, Chris Killick-Moran, and Robyn
Cummins (2008) KidsMatter: A population health
model to support student mental health and wellbeing in primary schools. The International Journal
of Mental Health Promotion, pages 13–20,
November 2008.
National Center for Mental Health Promotion and
Youth Violence Prevention (2011) Engaging
Families in Safe Schools/Healthy Students
Initiatives, Author,
Enhancing Home Involvement to Address Barriers
to Learning: A Collaborative Process (pdf)
Center for Mental Health in Schools at UCLA For
schools to significantly enhance home involvement
will require broadening the ways schools connect
with primary caretakers to bridge barriers. Two
self-study surveys designed to assist in mapping
current school/district programs, services, and
systems are included as appendices. Published
2011
Links to Multi-intervention Models/Theories/Plans
or comprehensive approaches to crime
prevention/bullying/safe schools
National Center for Mental Health Promotion and
Youth Violence Prevention (2011) Engaging
Tracey Bywater, David Utting, (2012) Support from
Families in Safe Schools/Healthy Students
the Start: effective programmes for nine to 13
Initiatives, Author,
year-olds, Journal of Children's Services, Vol. 7 Iss:
1, pp.41 - 52
Julie Savignac (2009) Families, Youth and
Webster-Stratton, C., & Taylor, T. (2001). Nipping
early risk factors in the bud: Preventing substance
abuse, delinquency, and violence in adolescence
through interventions targeted at young children
(0–8 Years). Prevention Science, 2(3).
Delinquency: the State of Knowledge, and Familybased Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Programs
National Crime Prevention Centre (NCPC) Public
Safety Canada Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1A 0P8
(See section on Integrated Programs)
Links to Multi-intervention Models/Theories/Plans
or comprehensive approaches to healthy
eating/nutrition
Anna-Marie Hendriks, Jessica S. Gubbels, Nanne K.
De Vries, Jaap C. Seidell, Stef P. J. Kremers, and
Maria W. J. Jansen (2012) Interventions to Promote
an Integrated Approach to Public Health Problems:
An Application to Childhood Obesity, Journal of
Environmental and Public Health, Volume 2012
(2012), Article ID 913236, 14 pages
Links to Multi-intervention Models/Theories/Plans
or comprehensive approaches to physical activity
Links to Multi-intervention Models/Theories/Plans
or comprehensive approaches to sexual health
Douglas Kirby and Brent C. Miller. (2002)
Interventions designed to promote parent-teen
communication about sexuality. New Directions for
Child and Adolescent Development, 2002(97):93–
110, 2002.
Caroline Jackson, Rosemary Geddes, Sally Haw, and
John Frank. (2012) Interventions to prevent
substance use and risky sexual behaviour in young
people: a systematic review. Addiction,
107(4):733–747, 2012.
Links to Multi-intervention Models/Theories/Plans
or comprehensive approaches to Community
Schools
Coalition for Community Schools. Community and
Family Engagement: Principals Share What Works.
Washington, DC: Coalition for Community Schools;
2006.
A-3 Elements, aspects or types of the intervention
Research
Key Aspects of the Intervention
Jennifer Wyatt Kaminski, Linda A. Valle, Jill H.
Filene, and Cynthia L. Boyle. (2008) A metaanalytic review of components associated with
parent training program effectiveness. Journal of
Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(4):567–589, May
2008.
Bernhardt, Alan J., and Rex Forehand. The effects
of labeled and unlabeled praise upon lower and
middle class children. Journal of Experimental
Child Psychology, vol. 19, No. 3 (1975), pp. 536543.
Cross Calvert, Susan, and Robert J. McMahon. The
treatment acceptability of a behavioral parent
training program and its components. Behavior
Therapy, vol. 18, No. 2 (1987), pp. 165-179.
Davies, Glen R., and others. Verbal rationales and
modeling as adjuncts to a parenting technique for
child compliance. Child Development, vol. 55, No. 4
(1984), pp. 1290-1298.
Forehand, Rex, and M. Eugene Scarboro. An
analysis of children’s oppositional behavior.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, vol. 3, No. 1
(1975), pp. 27-31.
Gardner, Harold L., Rex Forehand, and Mark
Roberts. Time-out with children: effects of an
explanation and brief parent training on child and
parent behaviors. Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology, vol. 4, No. 3 (1976), pp. 277-288.
Hobbs, Steven A., and Rex Forehand. Effects of
differential release from time-out on children’s
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
deviant behavior. Journal of Behavior Therapy and
Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 6, No. 3 (1975), pp.
256-257.
Hobbs, Steven A., Rex Forehand, and Rhonda G.
Murray. Effects of various durations of time-out on
the non-compliant behavior of children. Behavior
Therapy, vol. 9, No. 4 (1978), pp. 652-656.
Kotler, Julie S., and Robert J. McMahon.
Compliance and noncompliance in anxious,
aggressive, and socially competent children: the
impact of the Child’s Game on child and maternal
behavior. Behavior Therapy, vol. 35, No. 3 (2004),
pp. 495-512.
McMahon, Robert J., K.K. Johnson, and K. H.
Robbins. Acceptability of written instructions
versus therapist administration of a parent training
program. Manuscript submitted for publication.
McMahon, Robert J., and K. Lehman. Effectiveness
of written instructions in teaching mothers to give
clear instructions to their children. Manuscript in
preparation.
Roberts, Mark W., and others. The effect of
parental instructiongiving on child compliance.
Behavior Therapy, vol. 9, No. 5 (1976), pp. 793-798.
Scarboro, M. Eugene, and Rex Forehand. Effects of
two types of response-contingent time-out on
compliance and oppositional behavior of children.
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, vol. 19,
No. 2 (1975), pp. 252-264.
Information and Educational Programs (Brochures,
fact sheets, meetings/workshops, web sites for
parents, mass and social media campaigns with
information component etc)
Matthew Sanders, Rachel Calam, Marianne
Durand, Tom Liversidge, and Sue A. Carmont.
Family Matters
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN Office on
Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 58-60)
Family Matters is a family-directed programme that
seeks to reduce tobacco and alcohol use among 12- to
14-year-olds. The intervention is delivered through four
booklets that are mailed to the home and through
follow-up telephone calls by health educators. The
(2008) Does self-directed and web-based support
for parents enhance the effects of viewing a reality
television series based on the triple p – positive
parenting programme? Journal of Child Psychology
and Psychiatry, 49(9):924–932, September 2008.
Matthew R. Sanders, Danielle T. Montgomery, and
Margaret L. Brechman-Toussaint. (2000) The mass
media and the prevention of child behavior
problems: The evaluation of a television series to
promote positive outcomes for parents and their
children. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry, 41(7):939–948, 2000
booklets contain lessons and activities designed to
motivate families to participate in the home-based
family skills training programme and encourage families
to consider factors related to substance use among
adolescents. Booklet content includes communication
skills, parenting styles, attachment and time together,
educational encouragement, conflict resolution,
availability of tobacco and alcohol in the home, family
rules about child use of tobacco and alcohol and insights
into peer and media influences.
Pamela C. Brown (2010) Increasing parental
awareness and monitoring: the development and
evaluation of a web-based program to empower
parents to reduce underage alcohol use
Dissertation. Dept of Psychology, university of
Central Florida
Steven P. Schinke, Lin Fang, and Kristin C. Cole.
(2009) Preventing substance use among adolescent
girls: 1-year outcomes of a computerized, mother–
daughter program. Addictive Behaviors,
34(12):1060–1064, December 2009.
Involving individual parents in take home learning,
school meetings, reporting on their child’s health
or behaviours
Guiding Good Choices
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN Office on
Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 58-60) Guiding Good Choices,
Jon Shepard and John S. Carlson. (2003) An
formerly known as Preparing for the Drug-Free Years, is
empirical evaluation of school-based prevention
a drug abuse prevention programme that provides
programs that involve parents. Psychol. Schs.,
parents of children aged 9-14 with the knowledge and
40(6):641–656, 2003.
skills they need to guide their children through early
adolescence. It seeks to strengthen and clarify family
Anthony, J (2009) Increasing parental physical
expectations regarding behaviour, enhance the
activity via children's advocacy : the 'walk your dad' conditions that promote bonding within the family and
study Masters Thesis, School of Medical Sciences, teach skills that enable children to resist drug abuse.
Guiding Good Choices is based on research that shows
that consistent, positive parental involvement is
Kacir, Christopher D., and Donald A. Gordon (2000) important in helping children to resist substance abuse
Parenting adolescents wisely: the effectiveness of and antisocial behaviour. Sessions are interactive and
an interactive videodisk parent training program in skills-based and provide parents with opportunities to
Appalachia. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, vol. practice new skills and receive feedback using
videotaped vignettes to demonstrate parenting skills.
21, (4), 1-22, 2000.
Level of evidence
Lagges, Ann M., and Donald A. Gordon (1999) Use - 1 independent randomized control trial
of an interactive laserdisc parent training program - 4 randomized control trials
RMIT University.
with teenage parents. Child and Family Behavior
Therapy, vol. 21, (1) 19-37, 1999.
Strengthening Families Program for Parnets and Youth
10-14
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN Office on
Abraham, W. Todd, and others (2006) School- and
Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 94-98) The Strengthening
family-level income effects in a randomized
Families Program for Parents and Youth 10-14 is a
controlled prevention trial: a multilevel analysis. In parent, youth and family skill-building curriculum
Family Support as Reflective Practice, Pat Dolan,
designed to prevent substance abuse and other
John Canavan and John Pinkerton, eds. London:
behaviour problems in teenagers, strengthen parenting
Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2006.
skills and build family strengths. The programme is
delivered over seven sessions for parents, children and
Foxcroft, D. R. (2003) Alcohol Misuse Prevention
families using videos, role play, discussions, learning
for Young People: Psychosocial and Educational
games and family projects. The programme has proved
effective in delaying the age at which adolescents begin
Interventions. London: Alcohol Concern, 2003.
to abuse substances, lowering levels of aggression,
Foxcroft, D. R., and others (2003) Longer-term
increasing the resistance of adolescents to peer pressure
primary prevention for alcohol misuse in young
and enhancing the ability of parents and caregivers to
people: a systematic review. Addiction, vol. 98, No. set appropriate limits and show their children affection
and support.
4 (2003), pp. 397-411.
Level of evidence
Foxcroft, D. R., and others. Primary prevention for - 5 randomized control trials
- 100 studies based on pre- and postintervention
alcohol misuse in young people. Cochrane
evaluation
Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 3, 2002.
Available from www.cochrane.org.
Mason, W. Alex, and others (2007) Influence of a
family-focused substance use preventive
intervention on growth in adolescent depressive
symptoms. Journal of Research on Adolescence,
vol. 17, No. 3 (2007), pp. 541-564.
Molgaard, Virginia K., Richard L. Spoth, and Cleve
Redmond. (2000) Competency training: the
Strengthening Families Program — for Parents and
Youth 10 14. OJJDP Juvenile Justice Bulletin.
Al`s Pals: Kids Making Healthy Choices
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN Office on
Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 94-98)
Al’s Pals: Kids Making Healthy Choices is a resiliencybased, early-childhood prevention curriculum and
teacher training programme that develops personal,
social and emotional skills in children aged 3 to 8 years.
It includes a component on building positive
relationships between parents and children, which
reinforces Al’s Pals concepts at home. The programme is
designed to help children gain the skills they need in
order to express feelings appropriately, relate to others,
accept differences, use self-control, resolve conflicts
peacefully, cope and make safe and healthy choices. The
Al’s Pals approach can be used in all aspects of teaching
and interacting with children, providing them with
opportunities to practise and generalize their skills.
Redmond, Cleve, and others (1999) Modeling long- Level of evidence
- 1 randomized control trial
term parent outcomes of two universal familyfocused preventive interventions: one year follow- - 4 quasi-experimental studies
- 90 non-experimental studies based on pre- and postup results. Journal of Consulting and Clinical
intervention evaluation
Washington, D.C.: United States Department of
Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention,
August 2000.
Psychology, vol. 67, No. 6 (1999), pp. 975-984.
Spoth, Richard L., Cleve Redmond, and Chungyeol
Shin. (2000) Reducing adolescents’ aggressive and
hostile behaviors: randomized trial effects of a
brief family intervention 4 years past baseline.
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,
vol. 154, No. 12 (2000), pp. 1248-1257.
Spoth, Richard L., and others (2000) Longitudinal
substance initiation outcomes for a universal
preventive intervention combining family and
school programs. Psychology of Addictive
Behaviors, vol. 16, No. 2 (2002), pp. 129-134.
Spoth, Richard, Max Guyll, and Susan X. Day (2002)
Universal familyfocused interventions in alcoholuse disorder prevention: costeffectiveness and
cost-benefit analyses of two interventions. Journal
of Studies on Alcohol, vol. 63, No. 2 (2002), pp.
219-228.
Spoth, Richard L., and others. Exploratory study of
a preventive intervention with general population
African American families. Journal of Early
Adolescence, vol. 23, No. 4 (2003), pp. 435-468.
Montgomery-Andersen RA, Borup I. (2012) Family
support and the child as health promoting agent in
the Arctic - "the Inuit way". Rural and Remote
Health 12: 1977.
Spoth, Richard, and others. Brief family
intervention effects on adolescent substance
Dare to be You
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN Office on
Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 126-128)
DARE to be You combines three support aspects —
educational activities for children, strategies for parents
or teachers and environmental structures — to enable
programme participants to learn and practise the
desired skills. The programme includes a preschool
activity book for children aged 2-5 and developmentally
appropriate curricula for kindergarten to grade 2, grades
3-5 and grades 6-8. High-school students use a
curriculum that encourages them to become teachers or
leaders within their communities.
initiation: school-level curvilinear growth curve
analyses six years following baseline. Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 72, No. 3
(2004), pp. 535-542.
Spoth, Richard, and others. Randomized study of
combined universal family and school preventive
interventions: patterns of long-term effects on
initiation, regular use, and weekly drunkenness.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, vol. 19, No. 4
(2005), pp. 372-381.
Spoth, Richard, and others. (2006). Long-term
effects of universal preventive interventions on
methamphetamine use among adolescents.
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,
vol. 160, No. 9 (2006), pp. 876-882.
Spoth, Richard, and others. PROSPER study of
evidence-based intervention implementation
quality by community-university partnerships.
Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 35, No. 8
(2007), pp. 981-999.
Spoth, Richard, G. K. Randall, and C. Shin.
Experimental support for a model of partnershipbased family intervention effects on long-term
academic success. School Psychology Quarterly,
vol. 23, No. 1 (2008), pp. 70-89.
Spoth, Richard, and others. Long-term effects of
universal preventive interventions on prescription
drug misuse. Addiction, vol. 103, No. 7 (2008), pp.
1160-1168.
Spoth, R., and others. Substance use outcomes 5
1/2 years past baseline for partnership-based,
family-school preventive interventions. Drug and
Alcohol Dependence, vol. 96, Nos. 1-2 (2008), pp.
57-68.
Trudeau, Linda, and others. Longitudinal effects of
a universal family-focused intervention on growth
patterns of adolescent internalizing symptoms and
polysubstance use: gender comparisons. Journal of
Youth and Adolescence, vol. 36, No. 6 (2007), pp.
740-745.
Loos, M. E. Highlights of findings of “Al’s Pals: Kids
Making Healthy Choices” implemented in Russell
County Public Schools, Virginia 2002-2003. Glen
Allen, Virginia: Wingspan, 2003.
Loos, M. E. Highlights of findings of “Al’s Pals: Kids
Making Healthy Choices” coordinated by Richmond
Pediatric Associates 2003-2004. Glen Allen,
Virginia: Wingspan, 2004.
Loos, M. E. Highlights of findings of “Al’s Pals: Kids
Making Healthy Choices” coordinated by Western
Tidewater CSB 2005-2006. Glen Allen, Virginia:
Wingspan, 2004.
Loos, M. E. Highlights of findings of “Al’s Pals: Kids
Making Healthy Choices” coordinated by the
Regional Prevention Center of Wyandotte County,
Kansas 2004-2005. Glen Allen, Virginia: Wingspan,
2005.
Loos, M. E. Highlights of findings of “Al’s Pals: Kids
Making Healthy Choices” coordinated by
Appomattox County Public Schools, Virginia 20062007. Glen Allen, Virginia: Wingspan, 2006.
Loos, M. E. Highlights of findings of “Al’s Pals: Kids
Making Healthy Choices” coordinated by
Lunenburg County Public Schools, Virginia 20072008. Glen Allen, Virginia: Wingspan, 2007.
Loos, M. E. Highlights of findings of “Al’s Pals: Kids
Making Healthy Choices” coordinated by Page Co.
Public Schools, Virginia 2007-2008. Glen Allen,
Virginia: Wingspan, 2007.
Lynch, Kathleen B., and K. McCracken. Highlights of
findings of the “Al’s Pals: Kids Making Healthy
Choices” intervention implemented in Greater Des
Moines, Iowa 1999-2000. Virginia Commonwealth
University, 2001.
Lynch, Kathleen B., and K. McCracken. Highlights of
findings of the “Al’s Pals: Kids Making Healthy
Choices” intervention implemented in Hampton
City Public Schools 1999-2000. Virginia
Commonwealth University, 2001.
Lynch, Kathleen B., Susan R. Geller, and Melinda G.
Schmidt. Multi-year evaluation of the effectiveness
of a resilience-based prevention program for young
children. Journal of Primary Prevention, vol. 24,
No. 3 (2004), pp. 335-353.
Miller-Heyl, Jan, David MacPhee, and Janet J. Fritz.
DARE to be You: a family-support, early prevention
program. Journal of Primary Prevention, vol. 18,
No. 3 (1988), pp. 257-285.
_____. DARE to be You: A Systems Approach to
Early Prevention of Problem Behaviors. Thomas P.
Gullotta, ed. Prevention in Practice Series. New
York: Kluwer/Plenum, 2001.
MacPhee, David, Janet J. Fritz, and Jan Miller-Heyl.
Ethnic variations in personal social networks and
parenting. Child Development, vol. 67, No. 6
(1996), pp. 3278-3295
Involving parents as volunteers in school programs
and activities/campaigns, mentoring etc
DuBois, D.L., Holloway, B.E., Valentine, J.C., Cooper,
H. (2002). Effectiveness of mentoring programs for
youth: A meta-analysis review. Am J Community
Psychol, 30(2), 157-197
Roger E. Thomas, Diane Lorenzetti, and Wendy
Spragins. (1996) Mentoring adolescents to prevent
drug and alcohol use. 1996. Assessed as up to date
2011 Cochrane Reviews
Educating/Training Parents in Parenting Skills
See our summaries: Glossary Term/Encyclopedia Entry/Handbook Section
Leanne Winter, Alina Morawska, and Matthew R.
Sanders. (2011) The effect of behavioral family
intervention on knowledge of effective parenting
strategies. Journal of Child and Family Studies,
pages 1–10, November 2011.
Leanne Winter, Alina Morawska, and Matthew
Sanders. (2012) The knowledge of effective
parenting scale (KEPS): A tool for public health
approaches to universal parenting programs. The
Journal of Primary Prevention, pages 1–13, April
2012.
Prue J. Holzer, Jenny R. Higgins, Leah M.
Bromfield,Nick Richardson and Daryl J. Higgins
(2006) The effectiveness of parent education and
home visiting child maltreatment prevention
programs, Child Abuse Prevention Issues, no 24,
2006, National Child Protection Clearinghouse,
Australia
Dembo MH et al (1985), An Evaluation of Group
Parent Education: Behavioural, PET and Adlerian
Programs, Review of Education Research, 55(2),
155-200
Supporting Parents- Online Support Services &
Counselling (Inter-active, not just information)
Rianne A. van der Zanden, Paula A. Speetjens,
Karlijn S. Arntz, and Simone A. Onrust. (2010)
Online group course for parents with mental
illness: development and pilot study. Journal of
Medical Internet Research, 12(5), 2010.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2010)
Compilation of Evidence-Based Family Skills
Training Programmes Vienna, Author
Kenneth W. Griffin, Jessica Samuolis, and
Christopher Williams. (2011)Efficacy of a SelfAdministered Home-Based parent intervention on
parenting behaviors for preventing adolescent
substance use. Journal of Child and Family Studies,
20(3):319–325, June 2011.
Supporting parents – Brief Individual Counselling
Morawska, Alina, Haslam, Divna, Milne, Danielle,
Sanders, Matthew R (2011) Evaluation of a Brief
Parenting Discussion Group for Parents of Young
Children, Journal of Developmental & Behavioral
Pediatrics February/March 2011 - Volume 32 Issue 2 - pp 136-145
Supporting parents – Group counselling & support
groups
Stop Now and Plan (SNAP)
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN Office on
Furlong M, McGilloway S, Bywater T, Hutchings J,
Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 33-38)
Smith SM, Donnelly M. (2012) Behavioural and
SNAP is an evidence-based, multifaceted cognitivecognitive-behavioural group-based parenting
behavioural strategy developed at the Child
programmes for early-onset conduct problems in
Development Institute in Toronto, Canada, more than
children aged 3 to 12 years. Cochrane Database of
22 years ago. SNAP targets children with behavioural
Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 2. Art. No.:
problems and children at risk of becoming juvenile
CD008225. DOI:
offenders. It addresses key risks posed by the behaviour
10.1002/14651858.CD008225.pub2.
of such children, such as poor impulse control, and
fosters problem-solving skills. Regular sessions include
SNAP Parent Group, 12 sessions (one 1.5-hour session
K. Turner and M. Sanders. (2006) Help when it’s
per week). Other treatment components involving
needed first: A controlled evaluation of brief,
parents include Stop Now and Plan Parenting family
sessions (3-8 sessions) and Continued Care Group: 8
preventive behavioral family intervention in a
primary care setting. Behavior Therapy, 37(2):131– sessions. The program has been adapted for boys and
girls. Additional Under 12 Outreach Project components
142, June 2006.
based on level of risk and need, include: Family
counselling based on Stop Now and Plan Parenting,
Bry, B. H., et al. 1998. "Scientific Findings From
Family Prevention Intervention Research." In R. S.
Ashery, E. B. Robertson, & K. L. Kumpfer (Eds.),
NIDA Research Monograph: Vol. 177. Drug Abuse
Prevention Through Family Interventions (pp. 103129). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug
Abuse.
Mihalic, S., K. Irwin, et al. 2001. "Blueprint for
Violence Prevention." Juvenile Justice Bulletin.
Washington: US Department of Justice, Office of
Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention.
Sexton, T., and J. Alexander. 2000. "Functional
Family Therapy." In Justice Juvenile Journal.
Washington: Family Strengthening Series, US
Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs,
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention.
Bagner, Daniel M., and Sheila M. Eyberg. (2007)
Parent-child interaction therapy for disruptive
behavior in children with mental retardation: a
randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical
Child and Adolescent Psychology, vol. 36, (3), 418429, 2007.
_____. (2003) Father involvement in parent
training: when does it matter? Journal of Clinical
Child and Adolescent Psychology, vol. 32, (4), 599605, 2003.
Boggs, Stephen R., and others. (2005) Outcomes of
parent-child interaction therapy: a comparison of
treatment completers and study dropouts one to
three years later. Child and Family Behavior
Therapy, vol. 26, (4), 1-22, 2005.
Borrego, Joaquin, Jr., and others (1999). Parentchild interaction therapy with a family at high risk
for physical abuse. Child Maltreatment, vol. 4, (4),
331-342, 1999.
Academic tutoring (Homework Club), School advocacy
and teacher consultation, Victim restitution, Individual
befriending, which links boys with a SNAP worker,
trained volunteer or student intern with the aim of
strengthening their skill-building and enabling them to
become involved in structured community-based
activities and Evening Night Club, a continued care
component involving an evening club for high-risk boys
who have completed the SNAP Children’s Group and are
working on leadership skills Continuing care groups for
parents who have completed the SNAP Parent Group
and the Arson Prevention Program for Children.
SNAP® Under 12 Project, International Centre for the
Prevention of Crime (2008) International Compendium
of Crime Prevention Practices to Inspire Action across
the World. Montreal, 2008
Parenting With Love and Limits (PLL)
Identified by the National Crime Prevention centre,
Canada. Parenting with Love and Limits (PLL) is a
program that combines group therapy and family
therapy. It is for children aged 10 to 18 identified or
diagnosed with serious emotional or behavioural
problems, drug or alcohol abuse, suicidal ideations,
depression or all of these. PLL uses group therapy and
family therapy: in group therapy (about six sessions),
parents and young people learn new skills, and in family
therapy (four sessions or more), they participate in role
playing activities to put into practice what they have
learned. PLL is based on a six-step scale for change
(Savannah Family Institute, Inc.) (pre-contemplation,
contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance,
closure).
Functional Family Therapy (FFT)
Identified by the National Crime Prevention Centre,
Canada. Functional Family Therapy is a family-focused,
multi-system prevention and response project for young
people aged 11 to 18 with serious behavioural, drug
abuse and violence problems. It has been applied
successfully with various ethnic groups and in various
social and economic contexts. FFT is a short-term
program delivered by therapists in the homes of
participating families.FFT is based on a clinical approach:
in each of the three phases. The therapist also identifies
Borrego, Joaquin, Jr., and others (2006) Parentchild interaction therapy with a Spanish-speaking
family. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, vol. 13,
(2), 121-133, 2006.
the risk factors and protective factors, and works with
the family and with each individual.
Parent-child Interaction Therapy
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN Office on
Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 45-52) Parent-child
Brestan, Elizabeth V., and others (1997) Parentinteraction therapy is an empirically supported
child interaction therapy: parents’ perceptions of
treatment that places emphasis on improving the quality
untreated siblings. Child and Family Behavior
of parent-child relationships and changing parent-child
Therapy, vol. 19, (3), 13-28, 1997.
interaction patterns in cases of conduct disorder in
young children and cases of child abuse. The behavioural
Brinkmeyer, Mary Y., and Sheila M. Eyberg (2003)
problems frequently observed in such children are
Parent-child interaction therapy for oppositional
defiance of authority, rule-breaking and attentionchildren. In Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for
seeking and aggressive and destructive behaviour. Since
Children and Adolescents, Alan E. Kazdin and John these children are the ones at greatest risk of becoming
R. Weisz, eds. New York: Guilford Press, 2003, pp. delinquent adolescents and of abusing their own
children later in life, parent-child interaction therapy
204-223
may also be considered a preventive intervention.
Capage, Laura C., Gwendolyn M. Bennett, and
Follow-up studies have demonstrated maintenance of
Cheryl B. McNeil (2001) A comparison between
gains in parent and child behaviour for as long as six
African American and Caucasian children referred years. Follow-up studies over longer periods have not
yet been conducted. Parent-child interaction therapy
for treatment of disruptive behavior disorders.
Child and Family Behavior Therapy, vol. 23, (1), 1- teaches parents specific skills that enable them to
establish a nurturing and secure relationship with their
14, 2001.
child while fostering pro-social behaviour and
discouraging negative behaviour. The therapy focuses
Chaffin, Mark, and others (2004) Parent-child
interaction therapy with physically abusive parents: on two basic interactions: child-directed interaction,
which is similar to play therapy in that parents engage
efficacy for reducing future abuse reports. Journal
their child in a play situation with the goal of
of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 72, (3),
strengthening the parent-child relationship, and parent500–510, 2004.
directed interaction, which is similar to clinical
behaviour therapy in that parents learn to use specific
Chase, Rhea M., and Sheila M. Eyberg. (2008)
behaviour management techniques when playing with
Clinical presentation and treatment outcome for
their child.
children with comorbid externalizing and
Level of evidence
internalizing symptoms. Journal of Anxiety
- 4 independent randomized control trials
Disorders, vol. 22, (2), 273-282, 2008.
- 10 randomized control trials
- 16 quasi-experimental studies
Choate, Molly L., and others (2005) Parent-child
- 4 studies based on pre- and postintervention
interaction therapy for treatment of separation
evaluation
anxiety disorder in young children: a pilot study.
Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, vol. 12, (1), 126135, 2005.
Eisenstadt, Toni H., and others (1993) Parent-child
Child Welfare Information Gateway (2007) Parent-child
interaction therapy with at-risk families. Washington,
D.C.: United States, Department of Health and Human
interaction therapy with behavior problem
children: relative effectiveness of two stages and
overall treatment outcome. Journal of Clinical
Child Psychology, vol. 22, (1), 42-51, 1993.
Eyberg, Sheila M., and others (2001) Parent-child
interaction therapy with behavior problem
children: one and two year maintenance of
treatment effects in the family. Child and Family
Behavior Therapy, vol. 23, (4), 1-20, 2001.
Services, 2007.
Hensler, Domonique, Charles Wilson, and Blair L. Sadler
(2004) Closing the Quality Chasm in Child Abuse
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The Findings of the Kaufman Foundation Best Practices
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interventions. Journal of Studies on Alcohol,
vol. 63, (2), 219-228, 2002.
Spoth, Richard, and others (2005) Ten-year
follow-up assessment of brief, family-focused
intervention effects on lifetime conduct and
antisocial personality disorders: preliminary
results. Presentation delivered at the Society
for Prevention Research 13th Annual Meeting,
Washington, D.C., May 2005.
Spoth, Richard, and others (2002) Longitudinal
substance initiation outcomes for a universal
preventive intervention combining family and
school programs. Psychology of Addictive
Behaviors, vol. 16, (2), 129-134, 2002
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the effects of protective parent and peer
factors on young adolescent alcohol refusal
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initiation: school-level growth curve analyses 6
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Strengthening Families Program for Ojibwa
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Incredible Years
The Incredible Years
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN
Office on Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 13-17)
The Incredible Years parent, teacher and child
training series features three comprehensive,
multifaceted and developmentbased curricula for
parents, teachers and children. The series is based
on cognitive social learning theory, which
Drugli, May Britt, and Bo Larsson. (2006)
emphasizes the importance of the family and of
Children aged 4-8 years treated with parent
teacher socialization processes, especially those
training and child therapy because of conduct
affecting young children. It is based on the premise
problems: generalisation effects to day-care
that negative reinforcement develops and
and school settings. European Child and
maintains negative behaviours in children and
Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 15, (7) 392-399,
critical or coercive behaviour in parents and
2006
teachers, and that parents and teachers must
therefore change their own behaviour in order to
Gardner, Frances, Jennifer Burton, and Ivana
improve the social interaction of the child. If
Klimes (2006) Randomised controlled trial of a parents and teachers can learn to deal effectively
parenting intervention in the voluntary sector with child misbehaviour and to develop positive
for reducing child conduct problems: outcomes and appropriate problem-solving and discipline
and mechanisms of change. Journal of Child
strategies, children can develop social and
Psychology and Psychiatry, vol. 47, (11) 1123- emotional competence and reduce aggressive
behaviour at home and at school.
1132, 2006.
Level of evidence
Hartman, Renée R., Scott A. Stage, and Carolyn - 8 independent randomized control trials
- 10 randomized control trials (4 on indicated
Webster-Stratton (2003) A growth curve
Brestan, Elizabeth V., and Sheila M. Eyberg
(1998) Effective psychosocial treatments of
conduct-disordered children and adolescents:
29 years, 82 studies, and 5,272 kids. Journal of
Clinical Child Psychology, vol. 27, (2) 180-189,
1998.
prevention; 6 on treatment)
analysis of parent training outcomes:
- 3 studies based on pre- and postintervention
examining the influence of child factors
evaluation
(inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity
problems), parental and family risk factors.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol.
44, (3) 388-398, 2003.
Reid, M. Jamila, Carolyn Webster-Stratton, and
Mary Hammond. Preventing aggression and
improving social, emotional competence: the
Incredible Years parent training in high-risk
elementary schools. Journal of Clinical Child
and Adolescent Psychology (forthcoming).
Rinaldi, J (2001) Long-term outcomes of parent
training and predictors of adolescent
adjustment. Dissertation Abstracts
International, vol. 62, (5) 2498, 2001.
Scott, Stephen, and others (2001) Multicentre
controlled trial of parenting groups for child
antisocial behaviour in clinical practice. British
Medical Journal, vol. 323, No. 7306 (2001), pp.
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Spaccarelli, Steve, Sheldon Cotler, and Doris
Penman (1992) Problemsolving skills training
as a supplement to behavioral parent training.
Cognitive Therapy and Research, vol. 16, (1) 118, 1992.
Taylor, Ted K., and others (1998) A comparison
of eclectic treatment with Webster-Stratton’s
Parents and Children Series in a children's
mental health center: a randomized controlled
trial. Behavior Therapy, vol. 29, (2), 221-240,
1998.
Webster-Stratton, Carolyn (1998) Modification
of mothers’ behaviors and attitudes through
videotape modeling group discussion program.
Behavior Therapy, vol. 12, (5), 634-642, 1988.
_____ (1982) Teaching mothers through
videotape modeling to change their children’s
behaviors. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, vol.
7, (3) 279-294, 1982
_____ (1984) Randomized trial of two parenttraining programs for families with conductdisordered children. Journal of Consulting and
Clinical Psychology, vol. 52, (4), 666-678, 1984.
_____ (1990) Enhancing the effectiveness of
self-administered videotape parent training for
families with conduct-problem children.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, vol. 18,
(5), 479-492, 1990.
_____ (1990) Long-term follow-up of families
with young conduct problem children: from
preschool to grade school. Journal of Clinical
Child Psychology, vol. 19, (2), 144-149, 1990.
_____ (1992), Individually administered
videotape parent training: “Who benefits?”
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31-52, 1990.
_____ (1994) Advancing videotape parent
training: a comparison study. Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 62, (3),
583-593, 1994.
_____ (1998) Preventing conduct problems in
Head Start children: strengthening parenting
competencies. Journal of Consulting and
Clinical Psychology, vol. 66, (5) 715-730, 1998.
_____ (2000) How to Promote Children’s Social
and Emotional Competence. London: Sage
Publications, 2000.
Webster-Stratton C(2006) The Incredible
Years: A Trouble-Shooting Guide for Parents of
Children Aged 3-8 Years. Seattle: Incredible
Years Press, 2006.
Webster-Stratton, Carolyn, and Mary
Hammond (1990) Predictors of treatment
outcome in parent training for families with
conduct problem children. Behavior Therapy,
(21), 319-337, 1990.
_____ (1997) Treating children with earlyonset conduct problems: a comparison of child
and parent training interventions. Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 65, (1),
93-109, 1997.
_____ (1998) Conduct problems and level of
social competence in Head Start children:
prevalence, pervasiveness and associated risk
factors. Clinical Child and Family Psychology
Review, vol. 1, (2), 101-124, 1998.
Webster-Stratton, Carolyn, and Martin Herbert
(1994) Troubled Families—Problem Children:
Working with Parents—A Collaborative
Process. Chichester: Wiley and Sons, 1994.
Webster-Stratton, Carolyn, Mary Kolpacoff,
and Terri Hollinsworth (1998) Selfadministered videotape therapy for families
with conductproblem children: comparison
with two cost-effective treatments and a
control group. Journal of Consulting and
Clinical Psychology, vol. 56, (4), 558-566, 1998.
_____ (1989) The long-term effectiveness and
clinical significance of three cost-effective
training programs for families with conductproblem children. Journal of Consulting and
Clinical Psychology, vol. 57, (4), 550-553, 1989
Webster-Stratton, Carolyn, M. Jamila Reid, and
Mary Hammond. (2001) Preventing conduct
problems, promoting social competence: a
parent and teacher training partnership in
Head Start. Journal of Clinical Child
Psychology, vol. 30, No. 3 (2001), pp. 283-302.
_____ (2004) Treating children with earlyonset conduct problems: intervention
outcomes for parent, child, and teacher
training. Journal of Clinical Child and
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2004.
Webster-Stratton, Carolyn, M. Jamila Reid, and
Mike Stoolmiller (2008) Preventing conduct
problems and improving school readiness:
evaluation of the Incredible Years Teacher and
Child Training Programs in high-risk schools.
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49, (5), 471-488, 2008.
Parents as Teachers
http://www.parentsasteachers.org/
Pfannenstiel, Judy, Theodora Lambson, and
Vicky Yarnell. Second Wave Study of the
Parents as Teachers Program. Overland Park,
Kansas: Research and Training Associates,
1991.
_____. The Parents as Teachers Program:
Longitudinal Follow-up to the Second Wave
Study. Overland Park, Kansas: Research and
Parents as Teachers
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN
Office on Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 25-31)
Parents as Teachers is a parent education, family
support and school readiness programme that
serves parents-to-be and parents of children up to
the age of entry to kindergarten. The programme
targets families from all socio-economic
backgrounds and from rural, urban and suburban
communities and may be adapted to the needs of a
specific community. Home visits are carried out by
professional staff trained and certified in the
application of the Born to Learn™ curriculum,
Gerlach-Downie, Suzanne G., and Kathleen
which draws heavily on the science of child
Hebbeler. Parent Education: How Does it
development, including brain development. In
Work? Qualitative Assessment of the Parents addition, parents meet in groups to discuss such
as Teachers Model of Parent Education. Menlo topics as positive discipline, sleep, sibling rivalry
and toilet training and to promote parent-child
Park, California: SRI International, 1997.
interaction through such activities as story-reading
Hebbeler, Kathleen M., and Suzanne G.
and play. The programme offers periodic
Gerlach-Downie. Inside the black box of home developmental screening and provides links to
visiting: a qualitative analysis of why intended community resources. It has also been adapted for
outcomes were not achieved. Early Childhood centre-based providers and special populations
Research Quarterly, vol. 17, No. 1 (2002), pp. (teenage parents, parents of children with special
needs, Native Americans living on reservations,
28-51.*
homeless families, military families and parents
who are in prison or on probation or parole). The
Wagner, Mary, and others. Parental
primary risk factors addressed by the programme
Engagement in Home Visiting Programs —
include family functioning and problem behaviour,
Findings from the Parents as Teachers
poor supervision and monitoring, child abuse and
Multisite Evaluation. Menlo Park, California:
neglect, poor attachment and weak parent-child
SRI International, 2000.
bonding
Smith, Louis M., and Wilma M. Wells. “Difficult Level of evidence:
to Reach, Maintain and Help” Urban Families in - 8 independent randomized control trials
- 5 randomized control trials
PAT: Issues, Dilemmas, Strategies, and
- 9 quasi-experimental studies
Resolutions in Parent Education. St. Louis,
- Multiple studies based on pre- and
Missouri: Washington University, 1990.
postintervention evaluation
Training Associates, 1996.
_____. Urban Parent Education: Dilemmas and
Resolutions. Qualitative Studies on Schools and
Schooling. Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton
Press, 1997.*
Wells, Wilma M. Serving families who are hard
to reach, maintain, and help through a
universal access home visiting program. Zero
to Three, vol. 17, No. 4 (1997), pp. 22-26.*
United States Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Indian Affairs. BIA Family and Child
Education Program: 2005 Report. Overland
Park, Kansas: Research and Training
Associates, 2005.
_____. BIA Baby Face Program Evaluation
Study: 2005 Report. Overland Park, Kansas:
Research and Training Associates, 2005.
_____. BIA Family and Child Education
Program: 2007 Report. Overland Park, Kansas:
Research and Training Associates, 2007.
Shaklee, H., and others. Building literacy from
the ground up. Parents as Teachers
Demonstration Project. Boise, Idaho:
University of Idaho, 2003.
Shaklee, H., and others. Research brief: literacy
content strong in Parents as Teachers 3-K
curriculum. Parents as Teachers
Demonstration Project. Boise, Idaho:
University of Idaho, January 2006.
Shaklee, H., J. Hardin, and D. Demarest.
Parents as Teachers Born to Learn curricula
support emergent literacy. Parents as Teachers
Demonstration Project. Boise, Idaho:
University of Idaho, March 2007
Pfannenstiel, Judy C., and Dianne A. Seltzer.
New Parents as Teachers Project. Overland
Park, Kansas: Research and Training
Associates, 1985.
_____. New parents as teachers: evaluation of
an early parent education program. Early
Childhood Research Quarterly, vol. 4, No. 1
(1989), pp. 1-18.*
Pfannenstiel, Judy C. New Parents as Teachers
Project: A Follow-Up Investigation. Overland
Park, Kansas: Research and Training
Associates, 1989.
Owen, Margaret T., and Beverly A. Mulvihill.
Benefits of a parent education and support
program in the first three years. Family
Relations, vol. 43, No. 2 (1994), pp. 206-212.*
Drazen, Shelley, and Mary Haust. Lasting
academic gains from an early home visiting
program. Paper presented at the annual
meeting of the National Council on Family
Relations. Crystal City, Virginia, 1995.
_____. The Effects of the Parents and Children
Together (PACT) Program on School
Achievement. Binghamton, New York:
Community Resource Center, August 1996.
Coleman, Mick, Bobbie Rowland, and Betty
Hutchins. Parents as teachers: policy
implications for early school intervention.
Paper presented at the annual meeting of the
National Council on Family Relations. Crystal
City, Virginia, 1997.
Missouri Department of Elementary and
Secondary Education. School entry assessment
project: summary of findings. 1999.
Pfannenstiel, Judy C., Victoria Seitz, and
Edward Zigler. Promoting school readiness: the
role of the Parents as Teachers program. NHSA
Dialog: A Research-to-Practice Journal for the
Early Intervention Field, vol. 6, No. 1 (2003),
pp. 71-86.*
Zigler, Edward, Judy C. Pfannenstiel, and
Victoria Seitz. The Parents as Teachers
program and school success: a replication and
extension. Journal of Primary Prevention, vol.
29, No. 2 (2008), pp. 104-120.*
McGilly, K. Chicago Born to Learn™
Neuroscience Project: Final
Report to Robert R. McCormick Tribune
Foundation. St. Louis, Missouri: Parents as
Teachers National Center, 2000.
O’Brien, T., D.M. Garnett, and K. Proctor.
Impact of the Parents as Teachers Program.
School Year 1999-2000. Cañon City, Colorado:
University of Colorado at Denver, Center for
Human Investment Policy, Graduate School of
Public Affairs, 2002.
Albritton, Shelly, Jack Klotz, and Thelma
Roberson. The effects of participating in a
Parents as Teachers program on parental
involvement in the learning process at school
and in the home. E-Journal of Teaching and
Learning in Diverse Settings, vol. 1, No. 2
(2004), pp. 108-208.*
Wagner, Mary M., and Mary McElroy. Home,
the First Classroom: A Pilot Evaluation of the
Northern California Parents as Teachers
Project. Menlo Park, California: SRI
International, 1992.
Wagner, Mary M., and others. An Evaluation of
the Northern California Parents as Teachers
Demonstration. Menlo Park, California: SRI
International, 1999.
Wagner, Mary M., and Serena L. Clayton. The
Parents as Teachers program: results from two
demonstrations. The Future of Children, vol. 9,
No. 1 (1999), pp. 91-115
Wagner, Mary M., Renée Cameto, and Suzanne
Gerlach-Downie. Intervention in Support of
Adolescent Parents and Their Children: A Final
Report on the Teen Parents as Teachers
Demonstration. Menlo Park, California: SRI
International, 1996.
Wagner, Mary M., and Serena L. Clayton. The
Parents as Teachers Program: Results from two
demonstrations. The Future of Children: Home
Visiting: Recent Program Evaluations, vol. 9,
No. 1 (1999), pp. 91-115.
Wagner, Mary M. The Multisite Evaluation of
the Parents as Teachers Home Visiting
Program: Summary of Findings for WinstonSalem, North Carolina. Menlo Park, California:
SRI International, 2001.
Wagner, Mary M., and Donna Spiker. Multisite
Parents as Teachers Evaluation: Experiences
and Outcomes for Children and Families.
Menlo Park, California: SRI International, 2001.
Wagner, Mary M., Donna Spiker, and Elizabeth
Iida. The Multisite Evaluation of the Parents as
Teachers Home Visiting Program: Three-Year
Findings from One Community. Menlo Park,
California: SRI International, 2001.
Wagner, Mary M., Donna Spiker, and Margaret
I. Linn. The effectiveness of the Parents as
Teachers program with low-income parents
and children. Topics in Early Childhood Special
Education, vol. 22, No. 2 (2002), pp. 67-81.*
McGilly, K., M. J. Strube, and M. M. Winter.
Linking Neuroscience and Education to
Improve Parenting of Young Children. St. Louis,
Missouri: Parents as Teachers National Center,
2000.
Drotar, D. D., H. M. Hurwitz, and H. L. Kirchner.
The Cleveland Eastern Suburban Born to Learn
Program: Final Report. Cleveland: Case
Western Reserve University School of
Medicine, 2006. Summary of the findings
available from
www.rwjf.org/reports/grr/037506.htm.
Constantino, John N., and others.
Supplementation of urban home visitation
with a series of group meetings for parents and
infants: results of a “real-world” randomized,
controlled trial. Child Abuse and Neglect, vol.
25, No. 12 (2001), pp. 1571-1581.*
Haire-Joshu, Debra, and others. Improving
dietary behavior in African Americans: the
Parents as Teachers High 5, Low Fat Program.
Preventive Medicine, vol. 36, No. 6 (2003), pp.
684-691
Haire-Joshu, Debra, and others. High 5 for kids:
the impact of a home visiting program on fruit
and vegetable intake of parents and their
preschool children. Preventive Medicine, vol.
47, No. 1 (2008), pp. 77-82.*
Nanney, Marilyn S., and others. Awareness and
adoption of a nationally disseminated dietary
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Paulsell, Diane, and others. Strategies for
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Family Check-up
Elizabeth A. Stormshak, Gregory M.
Fosco and Thomas J. Dishion (2010)
Implementing Interventions with Families in
Schools to Increase Youth School Engagement:
The Family Check-Up Model, SCHOOL MENTAL
HEALTH Volume 2, Number 2 (2010), 8292, DOI: 10.1007/s12310-009-9025-6
Families & Schools Together
Sherrie Coote (2000) FAMILIES AND SCHOOLS
TOGETHER (FAST) Paper presented at the
Conference Reducing Criminality: Partnerships and
Best Practice convened by the Australian Institute
of Criminology, in association with the WA Ministry
of Justice, Department of Local Government,
Western Australian Police Service and Safer WA
and held in Perth 31 July and 1 August 2000
Families and Schools Together (FAST)
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN
Office on Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 66-75)
FAST is an after-school multi-family group
programme offered for eight weeks to all children
within the same grade and their families. The
multisystemic intervention brings together family,
home, school and community to increase child
well-being by strengthening relationships and
factors that protect against stress. While the
programme may be implemented in communities
with high levels of drug abuse, it should not target
individual children. Under the programme, the
whole family comes to the school building after
school hours to take part in family activities and
share a family meal. Up to 80 families are divided
into multifamily groups of 10 families each (or
“hubs”); each group is then assigned a classroom.
The groups are led by trained teams of local
parents, older children at the school, school staff
and professionals specializing in mental health or
treatment for drug abuse. Most activities are
carried out by hubs of 8-10 families. The head
teacher and other teachers encourage all families
to participate at least once. The programme
provides families whose children are new to the
school with the opportunity to meet the families of
their children’s classmates and to provide extra
support to their children.The programme goals are
to: (1) Strengthen the family and the parent-child
bond; (2) Increase the child’s success at school; (3)
Reduce drug and alcohol abuse in the family; (4)
Reduce family stress and social isolation
Level of evidence
- 1 independent randomized control trial
- 3 randomized control trial
- 3 randomized control trials completed with
programme developer as co-principal investigator
Head Start/Better Beginnings Programs for
disadvantaged families
Pre-school/daycare programs and junior
kindergarten programs
Multisystemic Therapy
Beavers, W. R., R. B. Hampson, and Y. F.
Hulgus. Beavers Systems Model: Observational
and Self-report Scales. Dallas, Texas:
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Dakof, Gayle A., and others. Enrolling and
Multisystemic Therapy
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN
Office on Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 38-42)
Multisystemic therapy is an intensive family- and
communitybased treatment for juvenile offenders
who have committed serious offences and their
families. The primary goals of multisystemic
therapy are to reduce substance abuse and
criminal behaviour among young persons and the
number of juveniles placed in care. Critical features
of multisystemic therapy include: (a) integration of
empirically based treatment approaches to address
Dennis, Michael, and others. The Cannabis
a comprehensive range of risk factors across family,
Youth Treatment (CYT) study: main findings
peer, school and community contexts; (b)
from two randomized trials. Journal of
promotion of behaviour change in the natural
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environment of the young person, with the
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overarching goal of empowering caregivers; and (c)
rigorous quality assurance mechanisms that focus
French, Michael T., and others. Outpatient
on achieving outcomes by adhering to the
marijuana treatment for adolescents:
treatment regime and developing strategies to
economic evaluation of a multisite field
overcome barriers to behaviour change. Several
experiment. Evaluation Review, vol. 27, No. 3
separate multisystemic therapy randomized clinical
(2003), pp. 421-459.
trials have yielded significant findings relating to
substance abuse, including, relative to comparison
Hogue, Aaron, and others. Treatment
groups, a decrease in the number of drug-related
adherence and differentiation in individual
arrests over a 14-year period, higher rates of
versus family therapy for adolescent substance
abstinence from marijuana at four years following
abuse. Journal of Counseling Psychology, vol.
treatment and a decrease in the number of cases
45, No. 1 (1998), pp. 104-114.
of substance abuse dealt with by juvenile courts
specializing in drug-related cases.
Hogue, Aaron, and others. Family-based
Level of evidence
prevention counseling for high-risk young
- 4 independent randomized control trials
adolescents: immediate outcomes. Journal of
- 12 randomized control trials
Community Psychology, vol. 30, No. 1 (2002), - 2 quasi-experimental studies
pp. 1-22.
- 2 studies based on pre- and postintervention
evaluation
retaining mothers of substance-exposed
infants in drug abuse treatment. Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 71, No.
4 (2003), pp. 764-772.
Hogue, Aaron, Howard Liddle, and Dana
Becker. Multidimensional family prevention for
at-risk adolescents. In Comprehensive
Handbook of Psychotherapy, vol. 2, CognitiveBehavioral Approaches, F. W. Kaslow and T.
Patterson, eds. New York: John Wiley and
Sons, 2002, pp. 141-166.
Multidimensional Family Therapy
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN
Office on Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 99-104)
Multidimensional Family Therapy is a
comprehensive and flexible family-based
programme that addresses substance abuse and
other problem behaviours in adolescents. The
intervention targets the risk factors proven by
Jackson-Gilfort, April, and others. Facilitating
research to lead to and perpetuate substance
engagement of African-American male
adolescents in family therapy: a cultural theme abuse and related problems such as conduct
disorder and delinquency. It also helps individuals
and families to develop protective and healing
factors and processes empirically proven to offset
Liddle, Howard A. Multidimensional Family
substance abuse and behavioural problems.
Therapy Treatment for Adolescent Cannabis
Multidimensional Family Therapy is a
Users, vol. 5, Cannabis Youth Treatment Series. multicomponent and multilevel intervention
system. It is used as a means of multisystemic
United States Department of Health and
Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental assessment and intervention at the following
levels: adolescent and parent(s) individually, family
Health Services Administration. Rockville,
as an interacting system and individual family
Maryland: Center for Substance Abuse
members relative to their interactions with
Treatment, 2002.
influential social systems that affect the
Liddle, Howard A., and others. ultidimensional adolescent’s development.
family therapy for adolescent substance abuse: Level of evidence
- 4 randomized control trials
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results of a randomized clinical trial. American
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Multidimensional family therapy for
adolescent drug abuse: making the case for a
developmental-contextual, family-based
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beliefs as predictors of parent involvement.
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and the forms of victimization. Journal of
Educational Psychology, Vol 103(2), May 2011, 324335
Kimberly L. Henry, Thomas M. Cavanagh, and
Eugene R. Oetting. (2011) Perceived parental
investment in school as a mediator of the
relationship between Socio-Economic indicators
and educational outcomes in rural America. Journal
of Youth and Adolescence, 40(9):1164–1177,
September 2011.
Katherine M. White and Larne Wellington. (2009)
Predicting participation in group parenting
education in an Australian sample: The role of
attitudes, norms, and control factors. The Journal
of Primary Prevention, 30(2):173–189, March
2009.
Brock GC, Beazley RP. (1995). Using the health
belief model to explain parents’ participation in
adolescent at-home sexuality education activities.
Journal of School Health, 65(4):124-126.
Neifeld Wheeler, Wendy S (2010) Readiness to act:
Use of the Health Belief Model in understanding
parental communication about alcohol for
incoming college students Dissertation STATE
UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY
Neifeld Wheeler, Wendy S (2010) Readiness to act:
Use of the Health Belief Model in understanding
parental communication about alcohol for
incoming college students A Dissertation Submitted
to the University at Albany, State University of New
York
Social Learning Theory
Matthew R. Sanders, Carol Markie‐Dadds and
Karen M.T. Turner (2003) Theoretical, Scientific
and Clinical Foundations of the Triple P‐
Positive Parenting Program: A Population
Approach to the Promotion of Parenting
Competence, Parenting and Family Support
Centre, The University of Queensland
B) Evidence of Effectiveness of the Intervention/Examples of
Research
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
B-1 On Health & Social Development/Positive Youth Development Overall
Research
Thomas P. Gullotta, Gary M. Blau (2008) Family
Influences on Childhood Behavior and
Development: Evidence-Based Prevention and
Treatment Approaches (Google eBook)
Leanne Winter, Alina Morawska, and Matthew R.
Sanders. (2011) The effect of behavioral family
intervention on knowledge of effective parenting
strategies. Journal of Child and Family Studies,
pages 1–10, November 2011.
Elizabeth A. Stormshak, Gregory M.
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
Powell DR (1990),Parent Education and Support
Programs, ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and
Early Childhood Education, Urbana, ILL.
Fosco and Thomas J. Dishion (2010) Implementing
Interventions with Families in Schools to Increase
Youth School Engagement: The Family Check-Up
Model, SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH Volume 2,
Number 2 (2010), 82-92, DOI: 10.1007/s12310-0099025-6
Kylie Burke, Leah Brennan, and Warren
Cann.(2012) Promoting protective factors for
young adolescents: ABCD parenting young
adolescents program randomized controlled trial.
Journal of Adolescence, June 2012.
B-2 On the Specific Health and Social Problem/Behaviours or Protective Factors/Behaviours
Research
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
Effectiveness on Protective Factors/Behaviours
within family
Increase parent-child communications
Cecilia S. Fabrizio, Tai Hing Lam, Malia R.
Hirschmann and Sunita M. Stewart (2012) A Brief
Parenting Intervention to Enhance the Parent–
Child Relationship in Hong Kong: Harmony@Home
JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES
DOI: 10.1007/s10826-012-9614-0
Staying Connected with Your Teen
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN
Office on Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 58-60)
Staying Connected with Your Teen (formerly
Parents Who Care) is an educational skillbuilding programme created for families with
children between the ages of 12 and 17 years.
Sonia Oveisi, Hassan E. Ardabili, Mark R. Dadds,
The objective of the programme is, within
Reza Majdzadeh, Parvaneh Mohammadkhani,
Javad A. Rad, and Zahra Shahrivar. (2010) Primary family settings, to reduce risk factors and
prevention of parent-child conflict and abuse in
strengthen protective factors known to
Iranian mothers: A randomized-controlled trial.
influence the likelihood of the child’s abusing
Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(3):206–213, March
alcohol or other drugs, becoming delinquent or
2010.
violent or displaying other problem behaviour
later in life. The programme focuses on
Petra Staiger, Judy Buckingham, Jenny Crosbie,
Victoria Carr (2006) Building a relational focus into strengthening family bonds and establishing
parenting education: An Evaluation of the Great
Kids Program, Australian Childhood Foundation
clear standards of behaviour, helping parents
to manage their teenage child’s behaviour
more appropriately and, at the same time, to
Werch CE, Young M, Clark M, Garrett C, Hooks S,
encourage the child’s independence. In this
Kersten C. (1991). Effects of a take-home drug
way, the programme seeks to address specific
prevention program on drug-related
communication and beliefs of parents and children. risk factors in the family and peer domains,
including drug abuse by a parent or sibling,
J Sch Health. Oct;61(8):346-50.
parental tolerance of drug abuse, poor and
Douglas Kirby and Brent C. Miller. (2002)
inconsistent family management practices,
Interventions designed to promote parent-teen
family conflict, lack of family communication,
communication about sexuality. New Directions for
Child and Adolescent Development, 2002(97):93– involvement and bonding and association with
delinquent and drug-abusing peers.
110, 2002.
Level of evidence
Susan M. Blake, Linda Simkin, Rebecca Ledsky,
- 1 independent randomized control trial
Cheryl Perkins and Joseph M. Calabrese (2001)
- 1 randomized control trial
Effects of a Parent-Child Communications
Intervention on Young Adolescents' Risk for Early
Onset of Sexual Intercourse Family Planning
Perspectives Vol. 33, No. 2 (Mar. - Apr., 2001), pp.
52-61
Haggerty, Kevin P., and others (2006)
Participation in “Parents Who Care”: predicting
program initiation and exposure in two
different program formats. Journal of Primary
Prevention, vol. 27, (1), 47-65, 2006.
Haggerty, Kevin P., and others (2007) A
randomized trial of Parents Who Care: effects
on key outcomes at 24-month follow-up.
Prevention Science, vol. 8, (4), 249-260, 2007.
Jane Mallick. (2007) Parent drug education: A
participatory action research study into effective
communication about drugs between parents and
unrelated young people. Drugs Edu Prev Pol,
14(3):247–260, January 2007.
Heather Rothwell and Jeremy Segrott (2011)
Preventing alcohol misuse in young people aged 911 years through promoting family communication:
Pollard, J. A. Final Report on NIDA SBIR grant
#DA07435: Risk Focused Family Training for
Drug Use Intervention. Seattle, Washington:
Developmental Research and Programs, 1998
an exploratory evaluation of the Kids, Adults
Together (KAT) Programme BMC Public
Health 2011, 11:810
Brody, G.H., Murry, V.M., McNair, L., Chen, Y.F.,
Gibbons, F.X., Gerrard, M. et al. (2005). Linking
changes in parenting to parent-child relationship
quality and youth self-control: The Strong African
American Families program. Journal of Research on
Adolescence, 15, 47–69.
Carlson, J.M., Moore, M.J., Pappas, D.M., Werch,
C.E., Watts, G.F. & Edgemon, P.A. (2000). A pilot
intervention to increase parent-child
communication about alcohol avoidance. Journal of
Alcohol and Drug Education, 45, 59–70.
Zhiwen Xiao, Xiaoming Li, and Bonita Stanton
(2011) Perceptions of parent–adolescent
communication within families: It is a matter of
perspective. Psychology, Health & Medicine,
16(1):53–65, January 2011.
Tamara D. Afifi, Andrea Joseph, and Desiree Aldeis.
(2008) Why can’t we just talk about it? Journal of
Adolescent Research, 23(6):689–721, November
2008.
Strengthen family functioning
A. Morawska, L. Winter, and M. R. Sanders.
(2009) Parenting knowledge and its role in the
prediction of dysfunctional parenting and
disruptive child behaviour. Child: Care, Health
and Development, 35(2):217–226, 2009
Lisa Bunting (2004) Parenting programmes:
The best available evidence. Child Care in
Practice, 10(4):327–343, September 2004.
Support families facing greater risks.
Challenges other than economics (Single
parents, families with addicted member, etc)
Jennifer Warren, Michele Allen, Kolawole Okuyemi,
Lynette Kvasny, and Michael Hecht. (2010)
Targeting single parents in preadolescent
substance use prevention: Internet characteristics
and information relevance. Drugs: Education,
Prevention & Policy, pages 400–412, July 2010.
Carmen Orte, Carmen Touza, Lluis Ballester, and
Martı ́ March. (2008) Children of drug-dependent
parents: prevention programme outcomes.
Educational Research, 50(3):249–260, September
2008.
Improve general parenting skills
A. Talei, K. Tahmasian and N. vafai (2011)
Effectiveness of Positive Parenting Program
Training on Mothers’ Parental Self-Efficacy,
Journal of Family Research Vol.7(3);311323;2011
Irwin Sandler, Erin Schoenfelder, Sharlene Wolchik,
and David MacKinnon (2011) Long-term Impact of
Prevention Programs to Promote Effective
Parenting: Lasting Effects but Uncertain Processes
Annu Rev Psychol. 2011; 62: 299–329.
Jones, D.J. (2005). A family-focused randomized
controlled trial to prevent adolescent alcohol and
tobacco use: The moderating roles of positive
parenting and adolescent gender. Behavior
Therapy, 36, 347–355.
J. Douglas Coatsworth, Larissa G. Duncan, Mark T.
Greenberg, and Robert L. Nix. (2010) Changing
parent’s mindfulness, child management skills and
relationship quality with their youth: Results from a
randomized pilot intervention trial. Journal of Child
and Family Studies, 19(2):203–217, April 2010.
Improve parental monitoring/supervision of
their children’s behaviours
Philip A. Fisher, Leslie D. Leve, Catherine C.
O’Leary, and Craig Leve. (2003) Parental
monitoring of children’s behavior: Variation
across stepmother, stepfather, and TwoParent biological families*. Family Relations,
52(1):45–52, 2003.
Pamela C. Brown (2010) Increasing parental
awareness and monitoring: the development and
evaluation of a web-based program to empower
parents to reduce underage alcohol use
Dissertation. Dept of Psychology, university of
Central Florida
Ina M. Koning, Jacqueline E. E. Verdurmen, Rutger
C. M. E. Engels, Regina J. J. M. Eijnden, and Wilma
A. M. Vollebergh. (2012) Differential impact of a
Dutch alcohol prevention program targeting
adolescents and parents separately and
simultaneously: Low Self-Control and lenient
parenting at baseline predict effectiveness.
Prevention Science, 13(3):278–287, June 2012.
Bernadette Ward and Pamela Snow (2009)
PARENTS, PARTIES and ADOLESCENT ALCOHOL USE
Report by Monash University for the Department
of Education and Early Childhood Development
Vincent Guilamo-Ramos, James Jaccard, Patricia
Dittus (2010) Parental Monitoring of
Adolescents: Current Perspectives for Researchers
and Practitioners Columbia University Press
Aaron Metzger, Christa Ice, and Lesley Cottrell
(2012) But I Trust My Teen: Parents' Attitudes and
Response to a Parental Monitoring Intervention,
AIDS Research and Treatment
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 396163, 10 pages
Aaron Metzger, Christa Ice, and Lesley Cottrell
(2012) But I Trust My Teen: Parents' Attitudes and
Response to a Parental Monitoring Intervention,
AIDS Research and Treatment
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 396163, 10 pages
Improve early childhood development
White KR et al. (1992). Does research support
claims about the benefits of involving parents
in early intervention programs? Review of
Educational Research: 62(1).
Cynthia Leung, Sandra Tsang, and Suzanne
Dean. (2011)Outcome evaluation of the HandsOn parent empowerment (HOPE) program.
Research on Social Work Practice, 21(5):549–
561, September 2011.
Engage both Mothers and Fathers in Parenting
Steven P. Schinke, Lin Fang, and Kristin C. Cole.
(2009) Preventing substance use among adolescent
girls: 1-year outcomes of a computerized, mother–
daughter program. Addictive Behaviors,
34(12):1060–1064, December 2009.
Mason, W.A., Kosterman, R., Haggerty, K.P.,
Hawkins, J.D., Redmond,C., Spoth, R.L. & Shin, C.
(2009). Gender moderation and social
developmental mediation of the effect of a familyfocused substance use preventive intervention on
young adult alcohol abuse. Addictive Behaviors, 34,
599–605.
Effectiveness on Specific Behaviours
Child Abuse & Neglect
Prue J. Holzer, Jenny R. Higgins, Leah M.
Bromfield,Nick Richardson and Daryl J. Higgins
(2006) The effectiveness of parent education
and home visiting child maltreatment
prevention programs, Child Abuse Prevention
Issues, no 24, 2006, National Child Protection
Clearinghouse, Australia
Sonia Oveisi, Hassan E. Ardabili, Mark R.
Dadds, Reza Majdzadeh, Parvaneh
Mohammadkhani, Javad A. Rad, and Zahra
Shahrivar. (2010) Primary prevention of
parent-child conflict and abuse in Iranian
mothers: A randomized-controlled trial. Child
Abuse & Neglect, 34(3):206–213, March 2010.
Prue J Holzer, Leah M Bromfield and Nick
Richardson (2006) The effectiveness of parent
education programs for preventing child
maltreatment, Research Brief, National Child
Protection Clearinghouse, Australia
Shannon Self-Brown and Daniel J. Whitaker.
(2008) Parent-Focused child maltreatment
prevention. Child Maltreatment, 13(4):400–
416, November 2008.
Matthew Sanders and Aileen Pidgeon. (2011)
The role of parenting programmes in the
prevention of child maltreatment. Australian
Psychologist, 46(4):199–209, 2011.
Reduce or Prevent Family Violence
Manage Chronic Diseases & Genetic Conditions
Yung-Chi Chen and Marian C. Fish. (2012)
Parental involvement of mothers with chronic
illness and children’s academic achievement.
Journal of Family Issues, April 2012.
Increase Physical Activity
India Ornelas, Krista Perreira, and Guadalupe
Ayala. (2007) Parental influences on
adolescent physical activity: a longitudinal
study. International Journal of Behavioral
Nutrition and Physical Activity, 4(1):3+,
February 2007.
Michael W. Beets, Bradley J. Cardinal, and
Brandon L. Alderman. (2010) Parental social
support and the physical Activity-Related
behaviors of youth: A review. Health Education
& Behavior, 37(5):621–644, October 2010.
Erin Hennessy, Sheryl O Hughes Jeanne P
Goldberg, Raymond R Hyatt, Christina D
Economos (2010) Parent-child interactions and
objectively measured child physical activity: a
cross-sectional study International Journal of
Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2010,
7:7
Anthony, J (2009) Increasing parental physical
activity via children's advocacy : the 'walk your
dad' study Masters Thesis, School of Medical
Sciences, RMIT University.
Promote Healthy Eating/Nutrition
Felicity West, Matthew R. Sanders, Geoffrey J.
Cleghorn, and Peter S. W. Davies.(2010)
Randomised clinical trial of a family-based
lifestyle intervention for childhood obesity
involving parents as the exclusive agents of
change. Behaviour Research and Therapy,
48(12):1170–1179, December 2010.
Anthea M. Magarey, Rebecca A. Perry, Louise
A. Baur, Katharine S. Steinbeck, Michael
Sawyer, Andrew P. Hills, Gizelle Wilson, Anthea
Lee, and Lynne A. Daniels. (2011) A Parent-Led
Family-Focused treatment program for
overweight children aged 5 to 9 years: The
PEACH RCT. Pediatrics, 127(2):214–222,
February 2011.
Promote Sexual Health/ Prevent STI/HIV-AIDS
Kim S. Miller, Karl D. Maxwell, Amy M. Fasula,
J. Terry Parker, Shannon Zackery, and Sarah C.
Wyckoff. (2010) Pre-risk HIV-prevention
paradigm shift: the feasibility and acceptability
of the parents matter! program in HIV risk
communities. Public health reports
(Washington, D.C. : 1974), 125 Suppl 1:38–46,
2010.
Weeks K, Levy SR, Gordon AK, Handler A,
Perhats C, Flay BR. (1997). Does parental
involvement make a difference? The impact of
parent interactive activities on students in a
school-based AIDS prevention program. AIDS
Educ Prev. Feb;9(1 Suppl):90-106.
Susan M. Blake, Linda Simkin, Rebecca Ledsky,
Cheryl Perkins and Joseph M. Calabrese (2001)
Effects of a Parent-Child Communications
Intervention on Young Adolescents' Risk for
Early Onset of Sexual Intercourse Family
Planning Perspectives Vol. 33, No. 2 (Mar. Apr., 2001), pp. 52-61
J M Sales, R R Milhausen, R J DiClemente
(2006) A decade in review: building on the
experiences of past adolescent STI/HIV
interventions to optimise future prevention
efforts Sex Transm Infect 2006;82:431-436
Lightfoot, Marguerita; Milburn, Norweeta (2012)
Common elements of family-based HIV
interventions for adolescents Couple and Family
Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol 1(2), Jun
2012, 120-133
Seldin, Bobbee (2002) The nature of parentadolescent communication about relationships
Thesis, Emory University
Velma M. Murry, Cady Berkel, Yi-fu Chen, Gene H.
Brody, Frederick X. Gibbons, and Meg Gerrard.
(2011) Intervention induced changes on parenting
practices, youth Self-Pride and sexual norms to
reduce HIV-related behaviors among rural
African American youths. Journal of Youth and
Adolescence, 40(9):1147–1163, September 2011.
Promote Mental Health/Manage Mental
Problems & Illnesses
Garry Hornby and Chrystal Witte. (2010)
Parental involvement in secondary schools in
New Zealand: Implications for school
psychologists. School Psychology International,
31(5):495–508, October 2010.
Elizabeth A. Stormshak, Arin M. Connell,
Marie-Hélène Véronneau, Michael W. Myers,
Thomas J. Dishion, Kathryn Kavanagh, and
Allison S. Caruthers. (2011) An ecological
approach to promoting early adolescent
mental health and social adaptation: FamilyCentered intervention in public middle schools.
Child Development, 82(1):209–225, 2011.
Anne W. Riley, Carmen R. Valdez, Sandra
Barrueco, Carrie Mills, William Beardslee, Irwin
Sandler, and Purva Rawal. (2008) Development
of a family-based program to reduce risk and
promote resilience among families affected by
maternal depression: Theoretical basis and
program description. Clinical Child and Family
Psychology Review, 11(1):12–29, June 2008.
Jordana Bayer, Harriet Hiscock, Katherine
Scalzo, Megan Mathers, Myfanwy McDonald,
Alison Morris, Joanna Birdseye, and Melissa
Wake. (2009) Systematic review of preventive
interventions for children’s mental health:
what would work in Australian contexts? Aust
NZ J Psychiatry, 43(8):695–710, January
2009.
Rianne A. van der Zanden, Paula A. Speetjens,
Karlijn S. Arntz, and Simone A. Onrust. (2010)
Online group course for parents with mental
illness: development and pilot study. Journal of
Medical Internet Research, 12(5), 2010.
Nancy Melquist (2009) Parenting and its Effect
on the Development and Prevention of Early
Childhood Mental Health Problems: A Critical
Review of the Literature, A Research Paper
submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Master of Science
Degree, Family Studies and Human
Development, University of Wisconsin-Stout
Sarah L. Stewart-Brown and Anita SchraderMcmillan. (2011) Parenting for mental health:
what does the evidence say we need to do?
report of workpackage 2 of the DataPrev
project. Health Promotion International,
26(suppl 1):i10–i28, December 2011.
Helen M Stallman, Alan Ralph, (2007). Reducing
risk factors for adolescent behavioral and
emotional problems: A pilot randomised controlled
trial of a self-administered parenting
intervention. Advances in Mental Health: Vol. 6,
No. 2, pp. 125-137.
Linda Trudeau, Richard Spoth, G. Kevin Randall, W.
Alex Mason, and Chungyeol Shin.(2012)
Internalizing symptoms: Effects of a preventive
intervention on developmental pathways from
early adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of
Youth and Adolescence, 41(6):788–801, June 2012.
Prevent Substance Abuse & Other Addictions
Gorman-Smith, D., Tolan, P., Henry, D. B.,
Quintana, E., Lutovsky, K., & Leventhal, A.
(2007). Schools and families educating
children: A preventive intervention for early
elementary school children. In P. Tolan, J.
Robertson, Elizabeth B.; David, Susan L.; Rao,
Suman A. (2003) Preventing Drug Use among
Children and Adolescents: A Research-Based
Guide for Parents, Educators, and Community
Leaders. Second Edition. In Brief, Bethesda,
MD, National Institute on Drug Abuse
Szapocznik & S. Sambrano (Eds.), Preventing
youth substance abuse: Science-based
programs for children and adolescents. (pp.
113-135). Washington, DC, US: American
Psychological Association.
Rachel Leung, Vanessa Kennedy, Adrian Kelly,
John Toumbourou, Delyse Hutchinson (2010)
Preventing alcohol harms in young people:
family-based interventions: A Resource for
Workers Australian Drug Foundation
Kumpfer, K.L., Alvarado, R., & Whiteside, H.O.
(2003). Family-based interventions for
substance use and misuse prevention.
Substance Use and Misuse, 38(11-13), 17591787
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
(2009). Guide to implementing family skills
training programmes for drug abuse
prevention. Vienna: Author.
Functional Family Therapy (FFT)
Adelman, H.S., & Taylor, L. (2003). Creating
Identified by the National Crime Prevention
school and community partnerships for
Centre, Canada. Functional Family Therapy is a
substance abuse prevention programs. The
family-focused, multi-system prevention and
Journal of Primary Prevention, 23(3)
response project for young people aged 11 to
18 with serious behavioural, drug abuse and
Perry, C. L., Williams, C. L., Komro, K.A.,
violence problems. It has been applied
Veblen-Mortenson, S., Stigler, M.H., &
successfully with various ethnic groups and in
Munson, K. (2002). Project Northland: Longvarious social and economic contexts. FFT is a
term outcomes of community action to reduce
short-term program delivered by therapists in
adolescent alcohol use. Health Education and
the homes of participating families.FFT is
Behavior, 17(1), 117-132
based on a clinical approach: in each of the
Spoth, R.L., Redmond, C., Trudeau, L., & Shin, three phases. The therapist also identifies the
risk factors and protective factors, and works
C. (2001). Longitudinal substance initiation
with the family and with each individual.
outcomes for a universal preventive
intervention combining family and school
programs. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,
16(2), 129-134.
Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT)
Identified by the National Crime Prevention
Kumpfer, K.L., Alvarado, R., & Whiteside, H.O.
Centre, Canada. Multidimensional Family
(2003). Family-based interventions for
Therapy is a complete program designed for
substance use and misuse prevention.
children aged 11 to 18 with drug use and
Substance Use and Misuse, 38(11-13), 1759behavioural problems. The MDFT approach
1787
emphasizes sound functioning for the young
person in a number of areas. More specifically,
Stephen A. Rollin, Roberta Rubin, Richard
it seeks to change the lifestyle of young people
Marcil, Ursula Ferullo, and Robert
Buncher.(1995) Project KICK: A school-based in several areas of life: relations with friends,
drug education health promotion research
project. Counselling Psychology Quarterly,
8(4):345–359, October 1995
health, school attendance, and relations with
parents.The program has been applied in
various cultural communities, and most of the
families treated under the program came from
Brian R. Flay. (2000) Approaches to substance
poor neighbourhoods. The young people
use prevention utilizing school curriculum plus
participating in MDFT are often considered at
social environment change. Addictive
high risk of demonstrating multiple problems
Behaviors, 25(6):861–885, November 2000.
and being involved in activities that can lead
Spoth, R.L., Redmond, C., Trudeau, L., & Shin, them into the youth justice system. MDFT
consists of individual therapy for children, and
C. (2002). Longitudinal substance initiation
family therapy. It is a flexible program that
outcomes for a universal preventive
adapts to the clinical needs of various
intervention combining family and school
programs. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, population groups.For example, an intensive
version of MDFT can include 16 to 25 sessions
16(2), 129-134.
(of four to six months), while a less intensive
Spoth, R., Guyull, M., & Day, S. (2002)
version can include 12 sessions (about three
Universal family-focused interventions in
months).Therapy sessions take place weekly
alcohol-use disorder prevention: Cost
and can be held in various locations: home,
effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses of two clinic or school. Five evaluation and
interventions. Journal of Studies on Alcohol,
intervention modules make up the MDFT
63, 219–228
approach:the adolescent module, the parent
module, the family module to facilitate change
Foxcroft, D., Ireland, D.J., Lister-Sharp, D.,
in family relationship patterns, the module for
Lowe, G., & Breen, R. (2003). Longer-term
other family members, and the module for
primary prevention for alcohol misuse in young
outside family members.
people: A systematic review. Addiction, 98,
397-411.
Kumpfer, K.L., Alvarado, R., & Whiteside, H.O.
(2003). Family-based interventions for
substance use and misuse prevention.
Substance Use and Misuse, 38(11-13), 17591787.
Dishion TJ, Kavanagh K. (2000). A multilevel
approach to family-centered prevention in
schools: process and outcome. Addict Behav.
Nov-Dec;25(6):899-911. (ADAI jl)
Guiding Good Choices
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN
Office on Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 58-60)
Guiding Good Choices, formerly known as
Preparing for the Drug-Free Years, is a drug
abuse prevention programme that provides
parents of children aged 9-14 with the
knowledge and skills they need to guide their
children through early adolescence. It seeks to
strengthen and clarify family expectations
Hahn EJ, Hall LA, Simpson MR. (1998). Drug
prevention with high risk families and young
children. J Drug Educ. 28(4):327-45.
regarding behaviour, enhance the conditions
that promote bonding within the family and
teach skills that enable children to resist drug
abuse. Guiding Good Choices is based on
Kumpfer KL, Alvarado R, Tait C, Turner C.
research that shows that consistent, positive
(2002). Effectiveness of school-based family
parental involvement is important in helping
and children's skills training for substance
children to resist substance abuse and
abuse prevention among 6-8-year-old rural
antisocial behaviour. Sessions are interactive
children. Psychol Addict Behav. Dec;16(4
and skills-based and provide parents with
Suppl):S65-71
opportunities to practice new skills and receive
Werch CE, Young M, Clark M, Garrett C, Hooks feedback using videotaped vignettes to
demonstrate parenting skills.
S, Kersten C. (1991). Effects of a take-home
Level of evidence
drug prevention program on drug-related
- 1 independent randomized control trial
communication and beliefs of parents and
- 4 randomized control trials
children. J Sch Health. Oct;61(8):346-50.
Werch CE, Owen DM, Carlson JM, DiClemente
CC, Edgemon P, Moore M. (2003). One-year
follow-up results of the STARS for Families
alcohol prevention program. Health Educ Res.
Feb;18(1):74-87.
Whitehead PC, Gliksman L. (1984). Parent
Education: A Review and Analysis of Drug
Abuse and General Programs. Ottawa, ON:
Health Canada.
Ellen J. Hahn, Mary R. Simpson, and Pamela
Kidd. (1996) Cues to parent involvement in
drug prevention and school activities. Journal
of School Health, 66(5):165–170, 1996.
Linda Dusenbury (2000) Family-Based drug
abuse prevention programs: A review. The
Journal of Primary Prevention, 20(4):337–352,
June 2000.
Neifeld Wheeler, Wendy, Kennedy, Jelane A
(2012) Using Parents in a Defined Role in
Alcohol Education: Parents as Prevention
Specialists Journal of Student Affairs Research
and Practice Volume 46, Issue 1, Pages 30–49
Hilary F. Byrnes, Brenda A. Miller, Annette E.
Aalborg, and Carolyn D. Keagy (2012) The
relationship between neighborhood
characteristics and recruitment into adolescent
Family-Based substance use prevention
programs. The Journal of Behavioral Health
Services and Research, 39(2):174–189, April
2012.
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Latino Youths. American Journal of Public
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children ¡18: a systematic review. Health
Education Research, 22(2):177–191, April
2007.
Thomas RE, Baker PRA, Lorenzetti D (2008)
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smoking by children and adolescents,
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Bauman, K.E., Foshee, V.A., Ennett, S.T.,
Pemberton, M., Hicks, A., King T.S. et al. (2001).
The influence of a family program on adolescent
tobacco and alcohol use. American Journal of
Public Health, 91, 604–610.
Karl E. Bauman, Susan T. Ennett, Vangie A. Foshee,
Michael Pemberton, Tonya S. King, and Gary G.
Koch. (2002) Influence of a family program on
adolescent smoking and drinking prevalence.
Prevention Science, 3(1):35–42, March 2002.
Elizabeth C. Tilson, Colleen M. McBride, and
Rebecca N. Brouwer. (2005) Formative
development of an intervention to stop family
tobacco use: The parents and children talking
(PACT) intervention. Journal of Health
Communication, 10(6):491–508, September 2005.
Xinguang Chen, Yuanjing Ren, Feng Lin, Karen
MacDonell, and Yifan Jiang. (2008) Exposure to
school and community based prevention programs
and reductions in cigarette smoking among
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August 2012.
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branded youth anti-tobacco activities and family
communications about tobacco. Prevention
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Judith S. Gordon. (2010) Youths’ and parents’ views
on the acceptability and design of a Video-Based
tobacco prevention intervention. Journal of Child &
Adolescent Substance Abuse, 19(5):391–405,
October 2010.
Vincent Guilamo-Ramos, James Jaccard, Patricia
Dittus, Bernardo Gonzalez, Alida Bouris,
and Stephen Banspach. (2010) The Linking Lives
Health Education Program: A Randomized Clinical
Trial of a Parent-Based Tobacco Use Prevention
Program for African American and Latino Youths.
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Crime, Delinquency, Behaviour Disorders
Julie Savignac (2009) FAMILIES, YOUTH AND
DELINQUENCY: THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE,
Carrie A. Semke, S. Andrew Garbacz,
AND FAMILY-BASED JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
Kyongboon Kwon, Susan M. Sheridan, and
PREVENTION PROGRAMS, Ottawa, Ontario
Kathryn E. Woods. (2010) Family involvement
Canada, National Crime Prevention Centre
for children with disruptive behaviors: The role
(NCPC) Public Safety Canada
of parenting stress and motivational beliefs.
Journal of School Psychology, 48(4):293–312, International Centre for the Prevention of
August 2010.
Crime (2008) International Compendium of
Crime Prevention Practices to Inspire Action
M. O’Brien and D. Daley. (2011) Self-help
across the World. Montreal, 2008
parenting interventions for childhood
behaviour disorders: a review of the evidence. L'Allié: A multimodal approach to remedy
Child: Care, Health and Development,
behavioural problems and prevent violence in
37(5):623–637, 2011.
schools (Identified by the National Crime
Prevention Centre, Canada)
Furlong M, McGilloway S, Bywater T, Hutchings
J, Smith SM, Donnelly M. (2012) Behavioural
and cognitive-behavioural group-based
parenting programmes for early-onset conduct
problems in children aged 3 to 12 years.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2012, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD008225. DOI:
10.1002/14651858.CD008225.pub2.
Tamera L. Wiggins, Kate Sofronoff, and
Matthew R. Sanders. (2009) Pathways triple PPositive parenting program: Effects on ParentChild relationships and child behavior
problems. Family Process, 48(4):517–530,
2009.
L’Allié[2] is a multimodal intervention program
intended for students aged 8 to 12 (in Grades 3
to 6 of elementary school) who exhibit
externalized behavioural problems, and are at
a high risk of school and social maladjustment.
As a targeted multimodal eco-systemic
program, L’Allié proposes a combination of
interventions among children’s three main
socialization agents: family, school, and peers.
This intervention helps to build the target
group’s social and conflict resolution skills. It
also improves parenting skills that facilitate
children’s adaptation at home and at school,
and enhances communication and consistency
between the various caseworkers working with
the children. L’Allié features two intervention
components facilitated by professionals in the
field. In the first component, children with
behavioural problems and some peer-helper
classmates participate in a program that builds
social and interpersonal problem-solving skills
through 16 one-hour meetings. The suggested
ratio is six peer-helpers for six children with
problems, although one peer may be paired
with two students in his or her class. The
second component consists of 15 two-hour
meetings with parents to improve their
parenting and educational skills, and foster
their collaboration with the school
environment. Read more..
Sanders, Matthew R.; Markie-Dadds, Carol;
Tully, Lucy A.; Bor, William (2000) The Triple PPositive Parenting Program: A comparison of
enhanced, standard, and self-directed
behavioral family intervention for parents of
children with early onset conduct problems.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,
Family Adolescent Straight Talk (FAST) - Day
Suspension Program (Identified by the National
Crime Prevention centre, Canada)
Family Adolescent Straight Talk (FAST) is an
outpatient treatment centre in Halton Region,
Ontario, that helps adolescents and families in
crisis. FAST's services include crisis
Woolfenden S, Williams KJ, Peat J. (2012)
Family and parenting interventions in children
and adolescents with conduct disorder and
delinquency aged 10-17. Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 2. Art. No.:
CD003015. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003015
Annette Cina, Martin Röösli, Holger Schmid,
Urs P. Lattmann, Barbara Fäh, Michaela
Schönenberger, Walter Kern-Scheffelt, Ashley
K. Randall, and Guy Bodenmann. (2011)
Enhancing positive development of children:
Effects of a multilevel randomized controlled
intervention on parenting and child problem
behavior. Family Science, 2(1):43–57, January
2011.
Vol 68(4), Aug 2000, 624-640
Matthew R. Sanders, Carol Markie-Dadds,
Karen M. T. Turner, and Alan Ralph. (2007)
Using the triple p system of intervention to
prevent behavioural problems in children and
adolescents. pages 489–516, in Handbook of
Interventions that Work with Children and
Adolescents: Prevention and Treatment, (eds
P. M. Barrett and T. H. Ollendick), John Wiley &
Sons Ltd, West Sussex, England.
John Kjøbli and mari-Anne Sørlie. (2008) School
outcomes of a community-wide intervention
model aimed at preventing problem behavior.
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(4):365–
375, August 2008.
Markie-Dadds, Carol and Sanders, Matthew R.
(2006) A controlled evaluation of an enhanced
self-directed behavioural family intervention
for parents of children with conduct problems
in rural and remote areas. Behaviour
Change, 23 1: 55-72.
E. Pour Ahmadi, M. Jalali, M. A. Shaeiri and K.
Tahmassian (2009) Investigating Short-Term
Triple P-Positive Parenting Program
Effectiveness in Modification of Parenting
Styles of Mothers of Children with
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Journal
of Family Research Vol.5(4);519-532; 2009
Dishion TJ, Kavanagh K. (2000). A multilevel
approach to family-centered prevention in
schools: process and outcome. Addict Behav.
Nov-Dec;25(6):899-911. (ADAI jl)
Nancy M. Slough and Robert J. McMahon.
(2008) Preventing serious conduct problems in
intervention, adolescent assessment,
psychological and addictions counselling,
parent counselling, anger and stress
management programs, and relapse
prevention programs.The FAST Day Suspension
Program, funded by the National Crime
Prevention Centre (NCPC) from 2007 to 2009,
targeted high-risk youth aged 12 to 18 who
had been suspended from elementary or high
school due to drug use or other anti-social
behaviours including bullying, physical violence
and truancy.The primary objective of the
program was to ensure that youth remained
drug free during their school suspension.
Secondary objectives included:
- improving participants' success in school;
- increasing participants' employability;
- strengthening pro-social relationships; and
- improving physical and mental health.
The program was designed to support
productive use of the suspension period,
offering participants daily academic support,
employment skills training and counselling.
The program pursued a holistic approach to
youth care, actively involving the family and
taking a preventive approach to resolve the
underlying family-related issues that
contributed to the youth leaving the family
home, getting in trouble at school, and/or
getting charged or convicted. FAST worked
with 28 elementary and high school students
who had been suspended from school.
Participants' suspension periods ranged from 5
to 16 days. Half-day sessions were provided on
each of these days, focusing on school work. In
addition, workshops were held on relevant
topics such as anger management,
employment skills and illegal drug use.The
School-Age youth: The fast track program.
Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 15(1):3–17,
February 2008.
program featured a 12-week therapy cycle:
youth participated in weekly one-on-one
counselling sessions (at a minimum),
underwent regular drug testing, and had
Lynn McDonald and Thomas V. Sayger. (1998)
follow-up contact and support. Some youth
Impact of a family and school based prevention
have continued to meet with FAST staff for
program on protective factors for high risk
more than a year after the end of the program.
youth. Drugs & Society, 12(1-2):61–85, May
FAST provided education and counselling
1998.
sessions to 57 family members of participants
Dretzke, J., Frew, E., Davenport, C., Barlow, J., as a way to help rebuild relationships. Read
more..
Stewart-Brown, S., Sandercock, J., Bayliss, S.,
Raftery, J., Hyde, C. & Taylor, R. (2005). The
Julie Savignac (2009) Families, Youth and
effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parent
Delinquency: the State of Knowledge, and
training/education programmes for the
Family-based Juvenile Delinquency Prevention
treatment of conduct disorder, including
Programs National Crime Prevention Centre
oppositional defiant disorder, in children.
(NCPC) Public Safety Canada Ottawa, Ontario
Health Technology Assessment, 9(iii), ix–x, 1–
Canada K1A 0P8
233.
Preventive Treatment Program (Identified by
Anilena Mejia, Rachel Calam, and Matthew R.
the National Crime Prevention centre, Canada)
Sanders. (2012) A review of parenting
This program, also referred to as the Montreal
programs in developing countries:
Prevention Experiment, is for boys aged 7 to 9
Opportunities and challenges for preventing
identified by teachers as presenting disruptive
emotional and behavioral difficulties in
behaviour in school. The program objectives
children. Clinical Child and Family Psychology
are to reduce delinquency, drug use; and
Review, 15(2):163–175, June 2012.
involvement in gangs.The program offers twoyear training for parents and boys. Training for
McCord, J., et al. 1994. "Boys' Disruptive
parents is based on a model developed by the
Behaviour, School Adjustment, and
Oregon Social Learning Center. Parents attend
Delinquency: The Montreal Prevention
training session to learn skills in the
Experiment". International Journal of
management of family crises, positive
Behavioral Development, 17(4), 739-752.
reinforcement and the use of consistent
Tremblay, R.E., et al. 1992. "Parent and Child
discipline.
Training to Prevent Early Onset of Delinquency:
The Montreal Longitudinal Experimental
Parenting With Love and Limits (PLL)
Study," Preventing Antisocial Behavior:
Interventions From Birth Through Adolescence. Identified by the National Crime Prevention
centre, Canada. Parenting with Love and Limits
New York, N.Y.: The Guilford Press.
(PLL) is a program that combines group
therapy and family therapy. It is for children
Tremblay, R.E., et al. 1996. "From Childhood
aged 10 to 18 identified or diagnosed with
Physical Aggression to Adolescent
serious emotional or behavioural problems,
Maladjustment: The Montreal Prevention
drug or alcohol abuse, suicidal ideations,
Experiment." Preventing Childhood Disorders,
depression or all of these. PLL uses group
Substance Abuse, and Delinquency. Thousand
therapy and family therapy: in group therapy
Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.
(about six sessions), parents and young people
learn new skills, and in family therapy (four
McMahon, Robert J., and Rex L. Forehand.
Helping the Noncompliant Child: Family-Based sessions or more), they participate in role
Treatment for Oppositional Behavior, 2nd ed. playing activities to put into practice what they
have learned. PLL is based on a six-step scale
New York: Guilford Press, 2003.
for change (Savannah Family Institute, Inc.)
Brody, G.H. et al. (2008). Long-term effects of the (pre-contemplation, contemplation,
Strong African American Families program on
preparation, action, maintenance, closure).
youths’ conduct problems. Journal of Adolescent
http://www.gopll.com/
Health, 43, 474–481.
Functional Family Therapy (FFT)
Identified by the National Crime Prevention
Centre, Canada. Functional Family Therapy is a
family-focused, multi-system prevention and
response project for young people aged 11 to
18 with serious behavioural, drug abuse and
violence problems. It has been applied
Long, Nicholas, and Rex Forehand.
successfully with various ethnic groups and in
Modifications of a parental training program
for implementation beyond the clinical setting. various social and economic contexts. FFT is a
short-term program delivered by therapists in
In International Perspectives on Child and
the homes of participating families.FFT is
Adolescent Mental Health, Nirbhay N. Singh,
based on a clinical approach: in each of the
Jin P. Leung and Ashvind N. Singh, eds. New
three phases. The therapist also identifies the
York: Elsevier, 2000, pp. 293-310.
risk factors and protective factors, and works
McMahon, Robert J., Rex Forehand, and
with the family and with each individual.
Douglas L. Griest. Effects of knowledge of
http://www.fftinc.com/
social learning principles on enhancing
Helping the Non-Compliant Child
treatment outcome and generalization in a
parent training program. Journal of Consulting Excerpt from a description provided by the UN
and Clinical Psychology, vol. 49, No. 4 (1981), Office on Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 80-86)
Helping the Noncompliant Child is a parenting
pp. 526-532.
Conners, Nicola A., Mark C. Edwards, and April
S. Grant. An evaluation of a parenting class
curriculum: Parenting the StrongWilled Child.
Journal of Child and Family Studies, vol. 16, No.
3 (2007), pp. 321-330.
McMahon, Robert J., and others. Who drops
out of treatment during parent behavioral
training? Behavioral Counseling Quarterly, vol.
1, 1981, pp. 79-85.
McMahon, Robert J., and others. Parental
satisfaction with parent training to modify
child noncompliance. Behavior Therapy, vol.
15, No. 3 (1984), pp. 295-303.
Peed, Steve, Mark Roberts, and Rex Forehand.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a
standardized parent training program in
altering the interaction of mothers and their
non-compliant children. Behavior Modification,
vol. 1, No. 3 (1977), pp. 323-350.
Rogers, Tim R., and others. Socioeconomic
status: effects on parent and child behaviors
and treatment outcome of parent training.
Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, vol. 10, No.
2 (1981), pp. 98-101.
skills programme aimed at teaching parents
how to achieve compliance in their child so as
to reduce conduct problems and prevent
subsequent juvenile delinquency and other
problem behaviours. The programme,
designed for parents and their children aged 38 years, is based on the theoretical assumption
that non-compliance in children is a key factor
contributing to the development of conduct
problems and that faulty parent-child
interactions also play a significant part in the
development and continuation of those
problems. Parents attend sessions with their
children and trainers teach the parents the
skills they need to increase compliance in their
children. The intervention generally takes
place in a therapeutic playroom and parents
learn skills through instructions, models, role
play and practice with their child.
Level of evidence
- 1 independent randomized control trial
- 1 randomized control trial
- 16 quasi-experimental studies
- 12 pre- and post-intervention evaluations
Wells, Karen C., and J. Egan. Social learning and
systems family therapy for childhood
oppositional disorder: comparative treatment
outcome. Comprehensive Psychiatry, vol. 29, Forehand, Rex, and others. Parent Training for
No. 2 (1988), pp. l38-l46.
the Noncompliant Child: A Guide for Training
Therapists. South Burlington, Vermont:
Wells, Karen C., Douglas L. Griest, and Rex
ChildFocus, 1994.
Forehand. The use of a self-control package to
enhance temporal generality of a parent
Forehand, Rex, and Nicholas Long. Parenting
training program. Behaviour Research and
the Strong-Willed Child: The Clinically-Proven
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Five-Week Program for Parents of Two- to SixYear-Olds, revised and updated ed. New York:
McGrawHill, 2002.
Long, Nicholas, and Rex Forehand. Parenting
the Strong-Willed Child: leader’s guide for the
six-week parenting class. Class curriculum.
2000. (To order, contact Nicholas Long,
Department of Pediatrics, UAMS/ACH, 800
Marshall St., Little Rock, AR 72202).
Environmental Citizenship/Sun Safety/Env
Hazards/Sustainable Development
Robyn Johnston, Donna Cross, Christine Costa,
Billie Giles-Corti, Tommy Cordin, Elizabeth
Milne, Dallas R. English, (2003) Sun safety
education intervention for school and home,
Health Education, Vol. 103 Iss: 6, pp.342 – 351
Elizabeth Milne, Peter Jacoby, Billie Giles-Corti,
Donna Cross, Robyn Johnston, and Dallas R.
English. (2006) The impact of the kidskin sun
protection intervention on summer suntan and
reported sun exposure: Was it sustained?
Preventive Medicine, 42(1):14–20, January
2006.
Personal, Social & Moral Development
Nermeen E. El Nokali, Heather J. Bachman, and
Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal. (2010) Parent
involvement and children’s academic and
social development in elementary school. Child
Development, 81(3):988–1005, 2010.
Family Support & Services
Pullman M, Wiggins, E, Bruns E (2011) Theory,
Programs and Research on School-based
Family Support, Dept. of Psychiatry &
Behavioral Science, School of Medicine,
University of Washington
Rhonda Breitkreuz, David McConnell, Amber
Savage, and Alec Hamilton. (2011) Integrating
triple p into existing family support services: A
case study on program implementation.
Prevention Science, 12(4):411–422, December
2011
On Transition into Kindergarten, Primary
School
Leah K. Wildenger and Laura L. McIntyre.
(2011) Family concerns and involvement
during kindergarten transition. Journal of Child
and Family Studies, 20(4):387–396, August
2011.
Matthew R. Sanders, Alan Ralph, Kate
Sofronoff, Paul Gardiner, Rachel Thompson,
Sarah Dwyer, and Kerry Bidwell. (2008) Every
family; : A population approach to reducing
behavioral and emotional problems in children
making the transition to school. The Journal of
Primary Prevention, 29(3):197–222, May 2008
On Transition into High School
Wei-Bing Chen and Anne Gregory. (2009)
Parental involvement as a protective factor
during the transition to high school. The
Journal of Educational Research, 103(1):53–62,
October 2009.
On Transition to a new school,
neighbourhood/Homelessness
B-3 On Learning and School Effectiveness
Research
Overall school effectiveness, student learning
Brian R. Flay and Carol G. Allred. (2003) Long-term
effects of the positive action program. May 2003.
American Journal of Health Behavior
2003;27(1):S6–S21.
Xitao Fan and Michael Chen. (2001) Parental
involvement and students’ academic achievement:
A Meta-Analysis. Educational Psychology Review,
13(1):1–22, March 2001.
Hill, Nancy E.; Tyson, Diana (2009) Parental
involvement in middle school: A meta-analytic
assessment of the strategies that promote
achievement Developmental Psychology, Vol 45(3),
May 2009, 740-76
Elizabeth A. Stormshak, Arin Connell and Thomas J.
Dishion (2009) An Adaptive Approach to FamilyCentered Intervention in Schools: Linking
Intervention Engagement to Academic Outcomes
in Middle and High School PREVENTION SCIENCE
Volume 10, Number 3 (2009), 221235, DOI: 10.1007/s11121-009-0131John Kjøbli and mari-Anne Sørlie. (2008) School
outcomes of a community-wide intervention model
aimed at preventing problem behavior.
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(4):365–375,
August 2008.
Increased Parent-School Cooperation
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
Good TL, Wiley AR, Thomas RE, Stweart E, McCoy J,
Kloos B, Hunt G.D, Moore T, Rappaport J. (1997).
Bridging the gap between schools and community:
Organizing for family involvement in a low-income
neighborhood. Journal of Educational and Psychological
Consultation, 8(3).
Students with Disabilities
Kelli E. Staples, Jennifer A. Diliberto (2010) Guidelines
for Successful Parent Involvement Working With Parents
of Students With Disabilities Teaching Exceptional
Children Volume 42, Number 6 / July/August 2010
What Parents and Teachers Should Know About
ADHD (pdf)
Center for Children & Families, University at Buffalo
(SUNY) Briefly summarizes diagnostic criteria and
Ramsay, Paula Mary Virginia (2010) Using home visits to process, causes, lifespan outcomes, and treatment
for ADHD children and adolescents. Spanish
connect with families: a classroom action research
Translation available; research based.Published
project Sacramento State University ScholarWorks
Electronic Theses/Projects and Dissertations
2012
Preventing Dropouts
Elizabeth A. Stormshak, Gregory M. Fosco and Thomas J.
Dishion (2010) Implementing Interventions with Families
in Schools to Increase Youth School Engagement: The
Family Check-Up Model, SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH
Volume 2, Number 2 (2010), 8292, DOI: 10.1007/s12310-009-9025-6
Increasing student attendance/preventing absences,
truancy
Epstein J, Sheldon S.(2002) Present and accounted for:
improving student attendance through family and
community involvement. The Journal of Educational
Research 2002;95(5):308–318.
Gifted Children
Alina Morawska and Matthew Sanders. (2009) An
evaluation of a behavioural parenting intervention
for parents of gifted children. Behaviour Research
and Therapy, 47(6):463–470, June 2009.
B-4 In Different Community and Country Contexts
Research
In different high income countries
Matsumoto, Yuki; Sofronoff, Kate; Sanders,
Matthew R. (2010) Investigation of the
effectiveness and social validity of the Triple P
Positive Parenting Program in Japanese society.
Journal of Family Psychology, Vol 24(1), Feb 2010,
87-91.
Sonia Oveisi, Hassan E. Ardabili, Mark R. Dadds,
Reza Majdzadeh, Parvaneh Mohammadkhani,
Javad A. Rad, and Zahra Shahrivar. (2010) Primary
prevention of parent-child conflict and abuse in
Iranian mothers: A randomized-controlled trial.
Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(3):206–213, March
2010.
Jordana Bayer, Harriet Hiscock, Katherine Scalzo,
Megan Mathers, Myfanwy McDonald, Alison
Morris, Joanna Birdseye, and Melissa Wake. (2009)
Systematic review of preventive interventions for
children’s mental health: what would work in
Australian contexts? Aust NZ J Psychiatry,
43(8):695–710, January 2009.
Hilary F. Byrnes, Brenda A. Miller, Aphichat
Chamratrithirong, Orratai Rhucharoenpornpanich,
Pamela K. Cupp, Katharine A. Atwood, Warunee
Fongkaew, Michael J. Rosati, Warunee Chookhare
(2011) Neighborhood Perceptions and Parent
Outcomes in Family Based Prevention Programs for
Thai Adolescents: The Role of Program Engagement
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
Journal of Drug Education Volume 41, Number 2 /
2011 161 – 181
Xinguang Chen, Yuanjing Ren, Feng Lin, Karen
MacDonell, and Yifan Jiang. (2008) Exposure to
school and community based prevention programs
and reductions in cigarette smoking among
adolescents in the United States, 2000–08.
Evaluation and Program Planning, 35(3):321–328,
August 2012.
Katarzyna Okulicz-Kozaryn and David R Foxcroft
(2012) Effectiveness of the Strengthening Families
Programme 10–14 in Poland for the prevention of
alcohol and drug misuse: protocol for a randomized
controlled trial BMC Public Health 2012, 12:319
Anna K. Strandberg, Maria C. Bodin, (2011) Alcoholspecific parenting within a cluster-randomized
effectiveness trial of a Swedish primary prevention
program, Health Education, Vol. 111 Iss: 2, pp.92 –
102
Maria C. Bodin and Anna K. Strandberg. (2011) The
Örebro prevention programme revisited: a clusterrandomized effectiveness trial of programme
effects on youth drinking. Addiction, 106(12):2134–
2143, 2011.
In low and mid-income countries or countries
disrupted by war, disasters, epidemics
See our summaries: Glossary Term/Encyclopedia Entry/Handbook Section
_____________________________________________________________
Disadvantaged Communities in high income
countries
Functional Family Therapy (FFT)
Identified by the National Crime Prevention
Centre, Canada. Functional Family Therapy is a
Snell-Johns, Jessica; Mendez, Julia L.; Smith,
Bradley H. (2004) Evidence-Based Solutions for
Overcoming Access Barriers, Decreasing
Attrition, and Promoting Change With
Underserved Families Journal of Family
Psychology, Vol 18(1), Mar 2004, 19-35
family-focused, multi-system prevention and
response project for young people aged 11 to
18 with serious behavioural, drug abuse and
violence problems. It has been applied
successfully with various ethnic groups and in
various social and economic contexts. FFT is a
short-term program delivered by therapists in
Liontos LB (1991) Involving the Families of Atthe homes of participating families.FFT is
Risk Youth in the Educational Process. Eugene,
based on a clinical approach: in each of the
OR: ERIC Clearinghouse on Education
three phases. The therapist also identifies the
Management. University of Oregon.
risk factors and protective factors, and works
with the family and with each individual.
Good TL, Wiley AR, Thomas RE, Stweart E,
McCoy J, Kloos B, Hunt G.D, Moore T,
Parents Under Pressure
Rappaport J. (1997). Bridging the gap between
Excerpt from a description provided by the UN
schools and community: Organizing for family
Office on Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 115-117)
involvement in a low-income neighborhood.
The Parents Under Pressure programme is
Journal of Educational and Psychological
specifically designed for use with multiConsultation, 8(3).
problem, high-risk families. The programme is
flexible, and each family has an individualized
Hahn EJ, Hall LA, Simpson MR. (1998). Drug
case plan based on the principles underlying
prevention with high risk families and young
the PUP programme. The programme
children. J Drug Educ. 28(4):327-45.
intervention is delivered in parents’ homes,
Heather B. Weiss, Suzanne M. Bouffard,
and a complementary group-based
Beatrice L. Bridglall, and Edmund W. Gordon
programme is available. Of particular
(2009) Reframing Family Involvement in
importance to the programme is the
Education: Supporting Families to Support
recognition that parents in multi-problem
Educational Equity Campaign for Educational
families are under great stress and have
Equity, Teachers College, Columbia University limited support networks. This makes the dayto-day job of parenting extremely difficult.
Wrenetha Julion. Susan Breitenstein, Christine
Furthermore, parents may themselves have
Garvey Alison Ridge (2009) The Chicago Parent
experienced abuse or poor parenting as
Program: Considering Culture and Context in
children and may have had little opportunity to
Program Development, Presentation, RUSH
work through the emotional impact of their
University Medical Center
own childhood experiences. The resulting lack
Jenkin, Constance, and Di Bretherton. PACE:
of an internalized model of good parenting and
Parenting Adolescents, A Creative Experience. of fundamental parenting skills adds to family
Camberwell, Australia: Australian Council for
Educational Research, 1994
difficulties.
Michael J. Cleveland, Mark E. Feinberg, and Mark T.
Greenberg. (2010) Protective families in high- and
low-risk environments: Implications for adolescent Resilient Families Program
substance use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Excerpt from a description provided by the UN
Office on Drugs and Crime (2010, pp 122-125)
39(2):114–126, February 2010.
The Resilient Families programme was
developed to provide a framework enabling
disadvantaged schools to improve student
education, health and well-being. The
programme is designed to empower students
Shortt, Alison L., John W. Toumbourou, and R. and parents to work together to develop
knowledge, skills and support networks during
Chapman. The Resilient Families program:
the first two years of secondary school (years 7
helping to prepare adolescents for success in
school and life. Youth Studies Australia, vol. 25, and 8 in Victoria, Australia). The components
include a 10-session social relationship
No. 1 (2006), pp. 57-58.
Jenkin, Constance, and John W. Toumbourou.
Preparing Adolescents for Success in School
and Life. Camberwell, Victoria: Australian
Council for Education Research, 2005.
curriculum for students (including relationship
homework to complete with parents), parent
education resources and events and parentfriendly school-policy reform efforts. The
programme design emphasizes improved
interaction between student and parent social
networks within the school community
Shortt, Alison L., and others. Family, school,
context. It has been developed and modified
peer and individual influences on early
on the basis of empirical evaluation evidence.
adolescent alcohol use: first year impact of the A randomized control trial conducted between
Resilient Families programme. Drug and
2004 and 2006 revealed that students in 12
Alcohol Review, vol. 26, No. 6 (2007), pp. 625- intervention schools had better results than
634.
students in 12 control schools in terms of
school attendance, school and family
Toumbourou, John W., and M. Elizabeth Gregg.
attachments and alcohol misuse.
Impact of an empowerment-based parent
education program on the reduction of youth
suicide risk factors. Journal of Adolescent
Health, vol. 31, No. 3 (2002), pp. 279-287.
Shortt, Alison L., and others. The Resilient
Families program: promoting health and
wellbeing in adolescents and their parents
during the transition to secondary school.
Youth Studies Australia, vol. 25, No. 2 (2006),
pp. 33-40.
Toumbourou, John W., M. Elizabeth Douglas,
and Alison Shortt. Family and school influences
on healthy youth development: an
examination of social interaction between
parents within the early high school context. In
Research Conference 2004: Supporting
Student Wellbeing — Conference Proceedings,
Adelaide, 24-26 October 2004. Camberwell,
Victoria: Australian Council for Educational
Research, 2004, pp. 62-65.
Toumbourou, John W., and others. The
Parenting Adolescents Quiz: parent education
in early secondary school can be fun. Health
Education Australia. Spring, 1999, pp. 6-9.
Rural communities
Kimberly L. Henry, Thomas M. Cavanagh, and
Eugene R. Oetting. (2011) Perceived parental
investment in school as a mediator of the
relationship between Socio-Economic
indicators and educational outcomes in rural
America. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,
40(9):1164–1177, September 2011.
Markie-Dadds, Carol and Sanders, Matthew R.
(2006) A controlled evaluation of an enhanced
self-directed behavioural family intervention
for parents of children with conduct problems
in rural and remote areas. Behaviour
Change, 23 1: 55-72.
Kumpfer KL, Alvarado R, Tait C, Turner C.
(2002). Effectiveness of school-based family
and children's skills training for substance
abuse prevention among 6-8-year-old rural
children. Psychol Addict Behav. Dec;16(4
Suppl):S65-71
Susan Butler, Michelle Crozier C. Kegler, and Cam
Escoffery. (2009) Parental perspectives on
antismoking discussions with adolescents in rural
African American households, May 2004-January
2005. Preventing chronic disease, 6(2), April 2009.
Semke, Carrie A.; Sheridan, Susan M. (2012)Family–
School Connections in Rural Educational Settings: A
Systematic Review of the Empirical
Literature School Community Journal Vol 22, No 1,
21-48 - Spring/Summer 2012
Family-School Partnerships in Rural Schools:
Engaging Families to Promote School Success (pdf)
Webinar Slides for US Department of Education
This presentation provides a framework for
working with families in rural areas to promote
partnerships with their children's schools.
Published Date: May 21 2012
Cultural Minority Communities
Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSFT)
Identified by the National Crime Prevention
Centre, Canada. Brief Strategic Family Therapy
(BSFT) is designed to prevent and treat
behavioural problems in young people aged 8
to 18. It targets young people who display, or
are at risk of presenting, behavioural
Gerardo R. López, Jay D. Scribner, and Kanya
problems, particularly drug use and school
Mahitivanichcha. (2001) Redefining parental
abandonment. Therapy is designed to meet
involvement: Lessons from High-Performing
the needs of each family. Through coaching,
Migrant-Impacted schools. American
the therapist modifies interactions between
Educational Research Journal, 38(2):253–288, parents and child.The main techniques used
June 2001.
include engagement (family members describe
how their family operates), diagnosis
Karol L. Kumpfer, Rose Alvarado, Paula Smith,
(identifying ineffective interactions and the
and Nikki Bellamy. (2002) Cultural sensitivity
family's strengths), and restructuring (changing
and adaptation in Family-Based prevention
negative interactions into positive ones).The
Susan Auerbach & Shartriya Collier (2012)
Bringing High Stakes From the Classroom to
the Parent Center: Lessons From an
Intervention Program for Immigrant Families
Teachers College Record Volume 114 Number
3, 2012, p. 5
interventions. Prevention Science, 3(3):241–
246, September 2002.
duration of treatment varies from 12 to 15
sessions over a period of about three
months.Each lasts 60 to 90 minutes. For
Wrenetha Julion. Susan Breitenstein, Christine
families with more serious problems, the
Garvey Alison Ridge (2009) The Chicago Parent
duration of treatment can be doubled. Therapy
Program: Considering Culture and Context in
can take place in the home, in a clinic or in a
Program Development, Presentation, RUSH
community centre. BSFT is considered highly
University Medical Center
effective with cultural communities.Compared
Bernal Martínez de Soria, A.; Urpí Guercia, C.; to other forms of family therapy, BSFT achieves
a better rate of family participation (81%,
Rivas Borrell, S. y Repáraz, R., (2011). Social
compared to 61%), and more families
values and authority in education:
complete the program (71%, compared to
collaboration between school and families.
42%).
International Journal about Parents in
http://www.brief-strategic-familyEducation, 5 (2), 134-143
therapy.com/bsft
Monica Bermúdez Parsai, Felipe G. Castro,
Flavio F. Marsiglia, Mary L. Harthun, and
Hector Valdez. (2011) Using community based
participatory research to create a culturally
grounded intervention for parents and youth
to prevent risky behaviors. Prevention Science,
12(1):34–47, March 2011.
Robbins, M.S. and J. Szapocznik. 2000. Brief
Strategic Family Therapy. Juvenile Justice
Bulletin. Washington: Family Strengthening
Series, US Department of Justice, Office of
Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention.
Robbins, M.S., et al. 2001. "Assessing Changes
in Family Interaction: The Structural Family
Systems Ratings." In Family Observational
Coding Systems: Resources for Systemic
Research. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.
Robbins, M.S., et al. 2003. "Brief Strategic
Family Therapy for Hispanic Youth."EvidenceBased Psychotherapies for Children and
Adolescents. New York: Guilford.
Szapocznik, J., et al. 2002. "Brief Strategic
Family Therapy With Behavior Problem
Hispanic Youth." Comprehensive Handbook of
Psychotherapy: Volume 4. New York: Wiley.
Kelli A. Komro, Cheryl L. Perry, Sara VeblenMortenson, Kian Farbakhsh, Kari C. Kugler, Karen A.
Alfano, Bonnie S. Dudovitz, Carolyn L. Williams, and
Rhonda Jones-Webb. (2006) Cross-Cultural
adaptation and evaluation of a Home-Based
program for alcohol use prevention among urban
youth: The ” slick tracy home team program. The
Journal of Primary Prevention, 27(2):135–154,
March 2006.
Susan Butler, Michelle Crozier C. Kegler, and Cam
Escoffery. (2009) Parental perspectives on
antismoking discussions with adolescents in rural
African American households, May 2004-January
2005. Preventing chronic disease, 6(2), April 2009.
Brody, G.H., Murry, V.M., McNair, L., Chen, Y.F.,
Gibbons, F.X., Gerrard, M. et al. (2005). Linking
changes in parenting to parent-child relationship
quality and youth self-control: The Strong African
American Families program. Journal of Research on
Adolescence, 15, 47–69.
Brody, Gene H.; Murry, Velma McBride; Gerrard,
Meg; Gibbons, Frederick X.; McNair, Lily; Brown,
Anita C.; Wills, Thomas A.; Molgaard, Virginia;
Spoth, Richard L.; Luo, Zupei; Chen, Yi-Fu (2006)
The Strong African American Families Program:
Prevention of youths' high-risk behavior and a test
of a model of change. Journal of Family Psychology,
Vol 20(1), Mar 2006, 1-11
Brody, G.H. et al. (2008). Long-term effects of the
Strong African American Families program on
youths’ conduct problems. Journal of Adolescent
Health, 43, 474–481.
Vincent Guilamo-Ramos, James Jaccard, Patricia
Dittus, Bernardo Gonzalez, Alida Bouris,
and Stephen Banspach. (2010) The Linking Lives
Health Education Program: A Randomized Clinical
Trial of a Parent-Based Tobacco Use Prevention
Program for African American and Latino Youths.
American Journal of Public Health: September
2010, Vol. 100, No. 9, pp. 1641-1647
Seth J. Schwartz, Jennifer B. Unger, Sabrina E.
Rosiers, Shi Huang, Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati,
Elma I. Lorenzo-Blanco, Juan A. Villamar, Daniel W.
Soto, Monica Pattarroyo, and José Szapocznik.
(2012) Substance use and sexual behavior among
recent Hispanic immigrant adolescents: Effects of
parent–adolescent differential acculturation and
communication. Drug and Alcohol Dependence,
June 2012.
Komro, K.A. et al. (2006). Cross-cultural adaptation
and evaluation of a home-based program for
alcohol use prevention among urban youth: The
Slick Tracy Home Team Program. Journal of Primary
Prevention, 27, 135–154.
Kelly F. Jackson, David R. Hodge, and Michael G.
Vaughn. (2010) A Meta-Analysis of culturally
sensitive interventions designed to reduce HighRisk behaviors among African American youth.
Journal of Social Service Research, 36(3):163–
173, April 2010.
David Hodge, Kelley F Jackson, Michael C Vaughn
(2012) Culturally Sensitive Interventions and
Substance Use: A Meta-analytic Review of
Outcomes among Minority Youths Social Work
Research (2012)
Steven M. Kogan, Gene H. Brody, Virginia K.
Molgaard, Christina M. Grange, Desirée A. H.
Oliver, Tracy N. Anderson, Ralph J. DiClemente,
Gina M. Wingood, Yi-fu Chen, and Megan C. Sperr.
(2012) The strong African American Families–Teen
trial: Rationale, design, engagement processes, and
Family-Specific effects. Prevention Science,
13(2):206–217, April 2012.
Velma M. Murry, Cady Berkel, Yi-fu Chen, Gene H.
Brody, Frederick X. Gibbons, and Meg Gerrard.
(2011) Intervention induced changes on parenting
practices, youth Self-Pride and sexual norms to
reduce HIV-related behaviors among rural African
American youths. Journal of Youth and
Adolescence, 40(9):1147–1163, September 2011.
St. Clair, Lisa; Jackson, Barbara; Zweiback, Rose
(2012) Six Years Later: Effect of Family Involvement
Training on the Language Skills of Children From
Migrant Families School Community Journal Vol 22,
No 1, 9-20 - Spring/Summer 2012
Lim, Minjung (2012) Unpacking Parent
Involvement: Korean American Parents’ Collective
Networking School Community Journal Vol 22, No
1, 89-110 - Spring/Summer 2012
Aydın, Nadire Gülçin; Bryan, Julia A.; Duys, David
K. (2012) School Counselors’ Partnerships With
Linguistically Diverse Families: An Exploratory
Study School Community Journal Vol 22, (1) 145166 - Spring/Summer 2012
Indigenous (Aboriginal) Communities
Gary Robinson and William Tyler (2005)
Ngaripirliga’ajirri: Cross-Cultural Issues in
Evaluating an Indigenous Early Intervention
Program, Presentation to TASA Conference
2005, University of Tasmania, 6-8 December
2005
Donna E. Hurdle, Scott K. Okamoto, and Bart
Miles. (2003) Family influence on alcohol and
drug use by American Indian youth:
Implications for prevention. Journal of Family
Social Work, 7(1):53–68, January 2003.
Kulis, Stephen; Okamoto, Scott K.; Rayle,
Andrea Dixon; Sen, Soma (2006) Social
contexts of drug offers among American Indian
youth and their relationship to substance use:
An exploratory study. Cultural Diversity and
Ethnic Minority Psychology, Vol 12(1), Jan
2006, 30-44.
Laura A. Beebe, Sara K. Vesely, Roy F. Oman,
Eleni Tolma, Cheryl B. Aspy, and Sharon
Rodine. (2008) Protective assets for non-use of
alcohol, tobacco and other drugs among urban
American Indian youth in Oklahoma. Maternal
and Child Health Journal, 12(0):82–90, July
2008.
Montgomery-Andersen RA, Borup I. (2012) Family
support and the child as health promoting agent in
the Arctic - "the Inuit way". Rural and Remote
Health 12: 1977.
Religious Communities
Affluent Communities
Low Income, Developing Countries
Countries, Regions disrupted by war, disaster,
epidemics
B-5 Effectiveness when combined with other Intervention
Research
Hawkins JD, Catalano RF, Kosterman R, Abbott R,
Hill KG. Preventing adolescent health-risk behaviors
by strengthening protection during childhood.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
1999;153:226–234.
Brian R. Flay and Carol G. Allred. (2003) Long-term
effects of the positive action program. May 2003.
American Journal of Health Behavior
2003;27(1):S6–S21.
Nermeen E. El Nokali, Heather J. Bachman, and
Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal. (2010) Parent involvement
and children’s academic and social development in
elementary school. Child Development, 81(3):988–
1005, 2010.
Spoth, R.L., Redmond, C., Trudeau, L., & Shin, C.
(2001). Longitudinal substance initiation outcomes
for a universal preventive intervention combining
family and school programs. Psychology of
Addictive Behaviors, 16(2), 129-134.
Stephen A. Rollin, Roberta Rubin, Richard Marcil,
Ursula Ferullo, and Robert Buncher.(1995) Project
KICK: A school-based drug education health
promotion research project. Counselling
Psychology Quarterly, 8(4):345–359, October 1995
Brian R. Flay. (2000) Approaches to substance use
prevention utilizing school curriculum plus social
environment change. Addictive Behaviors,
25(6):861–885, November 2000.
Spoth, R.L., Redmond, C., Trudeau, L., & Shin, C.
(2002). Longitudinal substance initiation outcomes
for a universal preventive intervention combining
family and school programs. Psychology of
Addictive Behaviors, 16(2), 129-134.
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
Ina M. Koning, Wilma A. M. Vollebergh, Filip Smit,
Jacqueline E. E. Verdurmen, Regina J. J. M. Van Den
Eijnden, Tom F. M. Ter Bogt, Håkan Stattin, and
Rutger C. M. E. Engels. (2009) Preventing heavy
alcohol use in adolescents (PAS): cluster
randomized trial of a parent and student
intervention offered separately and
simultaneously. Addiction, 104(10):1669–1678,
2009.
Ina M. Koning, Regina J. J. M. van den Eijnden,
Rutger C. M. E. Engels, Jacqueline E. E. Verdurmen,
and Wilma A. M. Vollebergh. (2011) Why target
early adolescents and parents in alcohol
prevention? The mediating effects of selfcontrol, rules and attitudes about alcohol use.
Addiction, 106(3):538–546, 2011.
B-6 Evidence of Effectiveness when compared with other interventions
Research
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
Willem Spijkers, Danielle Jansen, Gea de Meer, and
Sijmen Reijneveld. (2010) Effectiveness of a
parenting programme in a public health setting: a
randomised controlled trial of the positive
parenting programme (triple p) level 3 versus care
as usual provided by the preventive child
healthcare (PCH). BMC Public Health, 10(1):131+,
2010.
C) Evidence on how to Implement, Sustain the Intervention
Research
How to Engage Parents/Esp Hard to Reach
Parents
Green CL, Walker JMT, Hoover-Dempsey KV,
Sandler HM. (2007) Parents' motivations for
involvement in children's education: an empirical
test of a theoretical model of parental
involvement. Journal of Educational Psychology
2007;99(3):532–544.
Leah K. Wildenger and Laura L. McIntyre. (2011)
Family concerns and involvement during
kindergarten transition. Journal of Child and
Family Studies, 20(4):387–396, August 2011.
Sheldon SB. (2002) Parents' social networks and
beliefs as predictors of parent involvement.
Elementary School Journal 2002; 102(4):301–316.
Joan Walker, Susan Shenker, and Kathleen HooverDempsey (2010) Why do parents become involved
in their children’s education? implications for
school counselors. Professional School Counseling,
14(1):27–41, October 2010.
Leigh A. Frew, Qiong Zhou, Jaime Duran, Oiman
Kwok, and Michael R. Benz. (2012) Effect of SchoolInitiated parent outreach activities on parent
involvement in school events. Journal of Disability
Policy Studies, January 2012.
Alyssa R. Gonzalez-DeHass and Patricia P. Willems
(2003) Examining the Underutilization of Parent
Involvement in the Schools The School Community
Journal, 2003
Beth S. Simon. (2001) Family involvement in high
school: Predictors and effects. NASSP Bulletin,
85(627):8–19, October 2001.
Hosiin Shirvani (2007) Effects of teacher
communication on parents' attitudes and their
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
children's behaviors at schools Department of
Curriculum, Instruction, and Special Education
University of Southern Mississippi
Sanchez-Horn, Roxana M., (2005) School
experiences then and now: Are parents'
perceptions of their own school experiences
related to their perceptions of their child's middle
school? (2005).Graduate School Theses and
Dissertations.
Kevin P. Haggerty, Charles B. Fleming, Heather S.
Lonczak, Monica L. Oxford, Tracy W. Harachi, and
Richard F. Catalano. (2002) Predictors of
participation in parenting workshops. The Journal
of Primary Prevention, 22(4):375–387, June 2002.
Kevin P. Haggerty, Elizabeth P. MacKenzie, Martie
L. Skinner, Tracy W. Harachi, and Richard F.
Catalano. (2006) Participation in ” parents who
care”: Predicting program initiation and exposure
in two different program formats. The Journal of
Primary Prevention, 27(1):47–65, January 2006.
Manuel Eisner and Ursula Meidert. (2011) Stages of
parental engagement in a universal parent training
program. The Journal of Primary Prevention,
32(2):83–93, April 2011
Katherine M. White and Larne Wellington. (2009)
Predicting participation in group parenting
education in an Australian sample: The role of
attitudes, norms, and control factors. The Journal
of Primary Prevention, 30(2):173–189, March
2009.
Carroll, Anita Christine (2005) Parents’ perceptions
of the effects of the Parent-Child Mother Goose
Program (PCMGP) on their parenting practices,
Thesis, Masters of Nursing, University of British
Columbia
Ken Johnson, Jane Akister, Bridget McKeigue, and
Jon Wheater. (2005) What does ’supporting
parents’ Mean?—Parents’ views. Practice, 17(1):3–
14, March 2005.
Jean E. Dumas, Angela M. Begle, Brian French, and
Amanda Pearl. (2010) Effects of monetary
incentives on engagement in the PACE parenting
program. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent
Psychology, 39(3):302–313, April 2010.
Emily Hindman; Anna Brooks; Rick van der
Zwan (2012). Parenting program uptake: Impacts of
implementation factors on intention to enrol.
Advances in Mental Health: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 127137
Jan M. Nicholson, Donna Berthelsen, Kate E.
Williams, and Vicky Abad. (2010) National study of
an early parenting intervention: Implementation
differences on parent and child outcomes.
Prevention Science, 11(4):360–370, December
2010.
Hahn EJ et al. (1996) Cues to parent involvement in
drug prevention and school activities. Journal of
School Health: 66(5):165-170.
Liontos LB (1991) Involving the Families of At-Risk
Youth in the Educational Process. Eugene, OR: ERIC
Clearinghouse on Education Management.
University of Oregon.
Ellen J. Hahn, Mary R. Simpson, and Pamela Kidd.
(1996) Cues to parent involvement in drug
prevention and school activities. Journal of School
Health, 66(5):165–170, 1996.
Hilary F. Byrnes, Brenda A. Miller, Annette E.
Aalborg, and Carolyn D. Keagy (2012) The
relationship between neighborhood characteristics
and recruitment into adolescent Family-Based
substance use prevention programs. The Journal of
Behavioral Health Services and Research,
39(2):174–189, April 2012.
Shelley E. Beatty, Shelley E. Beatty, and Donna S.
Cross. (2006) Investigating parental preferences
regarding the development and implementation of
a parent-directed drug-related educational
intervention: an exploratory study. Drug Alcohol
Rev, 25(4):333–342, January 2006.
Jean E. Dumas, Jenelle Nissley-Tsiopinis, and
Angela D. Moreland. (2007) From intent to
enrollment, attendance, and participation in
preventive parenting groups. Journal of Child and
Family Studies, 16(1):1–26, February 2007.
Bobby P Smyth, Catherine D Darker, Erica DonnellySwift, Joe M Barry and Shane PA Allwright (2010) A
telephone survey of parental attitudes and
behaviours regarding teenage drinking BMC Public
Health 2010, 10:297
Heleen Riper, Linda Bolier, and Annemiek Elling.
(2005) The home party: ” development of a low
threshold intervention for ’not yet reached’
parents in adolescent substance use prevention”. J
Subst Use, 10(2-3):141–150, January 2005.
Overcoming Specific Barriers
Mary Kelly Haack, (2007) PARENTS’ AND
TEACHERS’ BELIEFS ABOUT PARENTAL
INVOLVEMENT IN SCHOOLING Thesis
University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Winnail SD, Geiger BF, Nagy S. (2002) Why
don't parents participate in school health
education? American Journal of Health
Education 2002;33(1):10–14.
Sanchez-Horn, Roxana M., (2005) School
experiences then and now: Are parents'
perceptions of their own school experiences
related to their perceptions of their child's
middle school? (2005).Graduate School Theses
and Dissertations.
Lisa Rios-Harrist (2011) The perceptions of
principals and assistant principals on their role
in parental involvement A Doctoral Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the College of
Education University of Houston
Sarah M. Ryan, Caroline L. Boxmeyer, and John
E. Lochman (2009) Influence of Risk Factors for
Child Disruptive Behavior on Parent
Attendance at a Preventive Intervention
Behavioral Disorders, 35 (1), 41–52
Ken Johnson, Jane Akister, Bridget McKeigue,
and Jon Wheater. (2005) What does
’supporting parents’ Mean?—Parents’ views.
Practice, 17(1):3–14, March 2005.
Charles V. Izzo, Roger P. Weissberg, Wesley J.
Kasprow, and Michael Fendrich. (1999) A
longitudinal assessment of teacher perceptions
of parent involvement in children’s education
and school performance. American Journal of
Community Psychology, 27(6):817–839,
December 1999.
Oralia Garcia-Dominic, Linda A. Wray, Roberto
P. Treviño, Arthur E. Hernandez, Zenong Yin,
and Jan S. Ulbrecht. (2010) Identifying barriers
that hinder onsite parental involvement in a
School-Based health promotion program.
Health Promotion Practice, 11(5):703–713,
September 2010.
Susan B. Stern, Ramona Alaggia, Katina
Watson, and Tanya R. Morton.
(2008)Implementing an Evidence-Based
parenting program with adherence in the real
world of community practice. Research on
Social Work Practice, 18(6):543–554,
November 2008.
Karen A. Whittaker and Sarah Cowley.(2012)
An effective programme is not enough: a
review of factors associated with poor
attendance and engagement with parenting
support programmes. Children & Society,
26(2):138–149, 2012.
Camilla Pettersson, Margareta LindénBoström and Charli Eriksson (2009) Reasons for
non-participation in a parental program concerning
underage drinking: a mixed-method study BMC
Public Health 2009, 9:478
Symeou, Loizos; Roussounidou, Eleni; Michaelides,
Michalis (2012) “I Feel Much More Confident Now
to Talk With Parents”: An Evaluation of In-Service
Training on Teacher–Parent Communication School
Community Journal Vol 22, No 1, 65-88 Spring/Summer 2012
Lim, Minjung (2012) Unpacking Parent
Involvement: Korean American Parents’ Collective
Networking School Community Journal Vol 22, No
1, 89-110 - Spring/Summer 2012
Successful Strategies
Hosiin Shirvani (2007) Effects of teacher
communication on parents' attitudes and their
children's behaviors at schools Department of
Curriculum, Instruction, and Special Education
University of Southern Mississippi
Alina Morawska, Faye Nitschke, and Sally Burrows.
(2011) Do testimonials improve parental
perceptions and participation in parenting
Five Tips for Digital Communication in the New
Year Nora Carr for eSchool News. Here are five tips
to power better communications and community
relations using new technologies, plus some
thoughts to ponder. Published 2011
programmes? results of two studies. Journal of
Child Health Care, 15(2):85–98, June 2011.
Karen M. T. Turner and Matthew R. Sanders. (2006)
Dissemination of evidence-based parenting and
family support strategies: Learning from the triple
P—Positive parenting program system approach.
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(2):176–193,
March 2006.
Karl E. Bauman, Susan T. Ennett, Vangie A. Foshee,
Michael Pemberton, and Katherine Hicks.(2001)
Correlates of participation in a Family-Directed
tobacco and alcohol prevention program for
adolescents. Health Education & Behavior,
28(4):440–461, August 2001.
Karen A. Randolph, Frank Fincham, and Melissa
Radey. (2009) A framework for engaging parents in
prevention. Journal of Family Social Work,
12(1):56–72, February 2009.
Use of Evidence-based Implementation Models
Matthew R. Sanders, Alan Ralph, Kate Sofronoff,
Paul Gardiner, Rachel Thompson, Sarah Dwyer,
and Kerry Bidwell. (2008) Every family; : A
population approach to reducing behavioral and
emotional problems in children making the
transition to school. The Journal of Primary
Prevention, 29(3):197–222, May 2008.
Karen M. T. Turner and Matthew R. Sanders. (2006)
Dissemination of evidence-based parenting and
family support strategies: Learning from the triple
P—Positive parenting program system approach.
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(2):176–193,
March 2006.
I.M. de Graaf (2009) Helping families change: The
adoption of the Triple P Positive Parenting Program
in the Netherlands, Dissertation, Utrecht, Trimbos
Institute
Use of Implementation Mechanisms (eg
stakeholder involvement, use of experts)
Lisa Rios-Harrist (2011) The perceptions of
principals and assistant principals on their role in
parental involvement A Doctoral Thesis Presented
to the Faculty of the College of Education
University of Houston
Christoph Nowak and Nina Heinrichs. (2008) A
comprehensive Meta-Analysis of triple P-Positive
parenting program using hierarchical linear
modeling: Effectiveness and moderating variables.
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review,
11(3):114–144, September 2008
Asgary-Eden, Veronica (2011) The Implementation
of Triple P – Positive Parenting Program: An
Examination of Key Variables and Program
Adherence Thesis University of Ottawa
Elizabeth C. Tilson, Colleen M. McBride, and
Rebecca N. Brouwer. (2005) Formative
development of an intervention to stop family
tobacco use: The parents and children talking
(PACT) intervention. Journal of Health
Communication, 10(6):491–508, September 2005.
Michelle Miller-Day. (2008) Talking to youth about
drugs: What do late adolescents say about parental
strategies? Family Relations, 57(1):1–12, 2008.
E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Lisa Vaughn, and
Judith S. Gordon. (2010) Youths’ and parents’ views
on the acceptability and design of a Video-Based
tobacco prevention intervention. Journal of Child &
Adolescent Substance Abuse, 19(5):391–405,
October 2010.
Joseph A. Durlak and Emily P. DuPre. (2008)
Implementation matters: A review of research on
the influence of implementation on program
outcomes and the factors affecting
implementation. American Journal of Community
Psychology, 41(3):327–350, June 2008.
Consideration of Local Drivers
Matthew R. Sanders and Ronald J. Prinz. (2008)
Ethical and professional issues in the
implementation of Population-Level parenting
interventions. Clinical Psychology: Science and
Practice, 15(2):130–136, 2008.
Joint Delivery/Partnerships with Communitybased Organizations/Centres
Families and Expanded Learning Opportunities:
Susan Auerbach & Shartriya Collier (2012) Bringing Working Together to Support Children’s Learning
Harvard Family Research Project This brief explores
High Stakes From the Classroom to the Parent
Center: Lessons From an Intervention Program for the ways that families and ELOs—expanded
learning opportunities offering structured learning
Immigrant Families Teachers College
environments outside the traditional school day—
Record Volume 114 Number 3, 2012, p. 5
must work as equal partners in order to ensure
Adelman, H.S., & Taylor, L. (2003). Creating school ELOs are contributing to children's learning in
and community partnerships for substance abuse meaningful ways.
prevention programs. The Journal of Primary
Published Date: Apr 27 2012
Prevention, 23(3)
C-1 Use of Diffusion and Education Change Knowledge/Theory
Research
Matthew R. Sanders. (2012) Development,
evaluation, and multinational dissemination of the
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
triple P-Positive parenting program. Annual Review
of Clinical Psychology, 8(1):345–379, 2012.
Morawska Alina, Sanders Matthew, O’Brien Jennifer,
McAuliffe Christine, Pope Sue, Anderson Emily
(2012) Practitioner perceptions of the use of the
Triple P – Positive Parenting Program with families
from culturally diverse backgrounds. Australian
Journal of Primary Health,
Matthew R. Sanders and James N. Kirby.(2012)
Consumer engagement and the development,
evaluation, and dissemination of Evidence-Based
parenting programs. Behavior Therapy, 43(2):236–
250, June 2012.
Jeff R. Temple. (2011)Dissemination and adoption of
efficacious parenting intervention programs. The
Journal of Primary Prevention, 32(2):65–66, April
2011.
Matthew R. Sanders, Alan Ralph, Kate Sofronoff, Paul
Gardiner, Rachel Thompson, Sarah Dwyer, and Kerry
Bidwell. (2008) Every family; : A population approach
to reducing behavioral and emotional problems in
children making the transition to school. The Journal
of Primary Prevention, 29(3):197–222, May 2008.
Matthew R. Sanders and Ronald J. Prinz. (2008)
Using the mass media as a population level strategy
to strengthen parenting skills. Journal of Clinical
Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37(3):609–621, July
2008.
Sanders, Matthew R. (2008) Triple P-Positive
Parenting Program as a public health approach to
strengthening parenting. Journal of Family
Psychology, Vol 22(4), Aug 2008, 506-517
Karen M. T. Turner and Matthew R. Sanders. (2006)
Dissemination of evidence-based parenting and
family support strategies: Learning from the triple
P—Positive parenting program system approach.
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(2):176–193,
March 2006.
Hensler, Domonique, Charles Wilson, and Blair L.
Sadler (2004) Closing the Quality Chasm in Child
Abuse Treatment: Identifying and Disseminating Best
Practices: The Findings of the Kaufman Foundation
Best Practices Project to Help Children Heal from
Child Abuse. San Diego, California: Chadwick Center
for Children and Families, 2004. Available from
www.chadwickcenter.org.
Sabrina Oesterle, J. David Hawkins, Abigail A. Fagan,
Robert D. Abbott, and Richard F. Catalano. (2010)
Testing the universality of the effects of the
communities that care prevention system for
preventing adolescent drug use and delinquency.
Prevention Science, 11(4):411–423, December 2010.
Louise A. Rohrbach, Melissa Gunning, Ping Sun, and
Steve Sussman. (2010) The project towards no drug
abuse (TND) dissemination trial: Implementation
fidelity and immediate outcomes. Prevention
Science, 11(1):77–88, March 2010.
Kumpfer, Karol L.; Whiteside, Henry O.; Greene,
Jeanie Ahearn; Allen, Keely Cofrin (2010)
Effectiveness outcomes of four age versions of the
Strengthening Families Program in statewide field
sites. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and
Practice, Vol 14(3), Sep 2010, 211-229.
Richard L. Spoth, Lisa M. Schainker, and Susanne
Hiller-Sturmhöefel (2011) Translating Family-Focused
Prevention Science Into Public Health Impact
Illustrations From Partnership-Based Research
Alcohol Research & Health, Volume 34, Issue
Number 2
C-2 Use of Capacity-Building Knowledge/Theory and Sustainability
Research
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
Overview
Matthew R. Sanders and Majella Murphy-Brennan
(2010) Creating conditions for success beyond the
professional training environment. Clinical
Psychology: Science and Practice, 17(1):31–35,
2010.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2009).
Guide to implementing family skills training
programmes for drug abuse prevention. Vienna:
Author.
Coordinated Policy
National Family, School, and Community
Engagement Working Group: (2009)
Recommendations for Federal Policy. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard Family Research Project; 2009
J. Law, C. Plunkett, J. Taylor, and M. Gunning.
(2009) Developing policy in the provision of
parenting programmes: integrating a review of
reviews with the perspectives of both parents and
professionals. Child: Care, Health and
Development, 35(3):302–312, 2009.
Assigned Coordinators at all levels
Informal and formal mechanisms for
cooperation
Workforce Development
Rachel Leung, Vanessa Kennedy, Adrian Kelly, John
Toumbourou, Delyse Hutchinson (2010) Preventing
Epstein JL. School, Family, and Community
Partnerships: Preparing Educators and Improving
Schools Second Edition. Boulder, CO: Westview
Press; 2011.
Virginia Casper (2011) Terms of engagement:
Preparing pre-service teachers to form authentic
partnerships with families and communities.
Education as Change, 15(sup1):S5–S19, December
2011.
Weiss HB, Kreider H, Lopez ME, Chatman CM,
editors.(2005) Preparing Educators to Involve
Families. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications,
Inc.; 2005.
Holly Kreider, M. Elena Lopez, Heather Bastow
Weiss, Celina Chatman-Nelson (2009) Preparing
Educators to Engage Families: Case Studies Using
an Ecological Systems Framework Sage Publications
Mary Kelly Haack, (2007) PARENTS’ AND
TEACHERS’ BELIEFS ABOUT PARENTAL
INVOLVEMENT IN SCHOOLING Thesis
University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Hosiin Shirvani (2007) Effects of teacher
communication on parents' attitudes and their
children's behaviors at schools Department of
Curriculum, Instruction, and Special Education
University of Southern Mississippi
Eva M. Zygmunt-Fillwalk. (2006) The difference a
course can make: Preservice teachers’ perceptions
of efficacy in working with families. Journal of Early
Childhood Teacher Education, 27(4):327–342,
December 2006.
Lisa Rios-Harrist (2011) The perceptions of
principals and assistant principals on their role in
parental involvement A Doctoral Thesis Presented
to the Faculty of the College of Education
University of Houston
alcohol harms in young people: family-based
interventions: A Resource for Workers Australian
Drug Foundation
Cheri J. Shapiro, Ronald J. Prinz, and Matthew R.
Sanders. (2008) Population-Wide parenting
intervention training: Initial feasibility. Journal of
Child and Family Studies, 17(4):457–466, August
2008
Alexandra C. Seng, Ronald J. Prinz, and Matthew R.
Sanders. (2006) The role of training variables in
effective dissemination of Evidence-Based
parenting interventions. The International Journal
of Mental Health Promotion, pages 20–28,
November 2006.
Matthew R. Sanders, Majella Murphy-Brennan, and
Christine McAuliffe. (2003) The development,
evaluation and dissemination of a training
programme for general practitioners in EvidenceBased parent consultation skills. The International
Journal of Mental Health Promotion, pages 13–20,
November 2003.
Heidi E. Stolz, Ph.D., Denise J. Brandon Ph.D., &
Heather S. Wallace, M.S (2009) The Practices,
Populations, and Programs of Parent Educators in
Tennessee, Family Science Review, Volume 14,
Issue 2, 2009
Charles V. Izzo, Roger P. Weissberg, Wesley J.
Kasprow, and Michael Fendrich. (1999) A
longitudinal assessment of teacher perceptions of
parent involvement in children’s education and
school performance. American Journal of
Community Psychology, 27(6):817–839, December
1999.
Ongoing Knowledge Development & Exchange
Stephen A. Small, Siobhan M. Cooney, and
Cailin O’Connor. (2009) Evidence-Informed
program improvement: Using principles of
effectiveness to enhance the quality and
impact of Family-Based prevention programs.
Family Relations, 58(1):1–13, 2009.
Monitoring, Reporting, Evaluation
Shannon Michael, Patricia Dittus, and Joyce
Epstein. (2007) Family and community
involvement in schools: Results from the
school health policies and programs study
2006. Journal of School Health, 77(8):567–587,
October 2007
M. R. Sanders, C. Markie-Dadds, M. Rinaldis,
David Firman, and Natalie Baig. (2007) Using
household survey data to inform policy
decisions regarding the delivery of evidencebased parenting interventions. Child: Care,
Health and Development, 33(6):768–783,
November 2007
Izabela Tabak, Joanna Mazur, Maria del
Carmen Granado Alcón, Ágota Örkenyi,
Apolinaras Zaborskis, Katrin Aasvee, and
Carmen Moreno (2012) Examining Trends in
Parent-Child Communication in Europe Over
12 Years The Journal of Early Adolescence
February 2012 32: 26-54
Xinguang Chen, Yuanjing Ren, Feng Lin, Karen
MacDonell, and Yifan Jiang. (2008) Exposure to
school and community based prevention programs
and reductions in cigarette smoking among
adolescents in the United States, 2000–08.
Evaluation and Program Planning, 35(3):321–328,
August 2012.
Strategic Planning/Emerging Issues and Joint
Priorities
Explicit Sustainability Planning
Matthew R. Sanders, William Bor, and Alina
Morawska. (2007) Maintenance of treatment
gains: A comparison of enhanced, standard,
and self-directed triple P-Positive parenting
program. Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology, 35(6):983–998, December 2007.
Foxcroft, D., Ireland, D.J., Lister-Sharp, D.,
Lowe, G., & Breen, R. (2003). Longer-term
primary prevention for alcohol misuse in young
people: A systematic review. Addiction, 98,
397-411.
Matthew R. Sanders, William Bor, and Alina
Morawska. (2007) Maintenance of treatment
gains: A comparison of enhanced, standard,
and self-directed triple P-Positive parenting
program. Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology, 35(6):983–998, December 2007.
Baum, Cynthia G., and Rex Forehand. Long
term follow-up assessment of parent training
by use of multiple outcome measures.
Behavior Therapy, vol. 12, No. 5 (1981), pp.
643-652.
Breiner, J., and Rex Forehand. An assessment
of the effects of parent training on clinicreferred children’s school behavior. Behavioral
Assessment, vol. 3, 1981, pp. 31-42.
Forehand, Rex and others. Predictors of crosssetting behavior change in the treatment of
child problems. Journal of Behavior Therapy
and Experimental Psychology, vol. 12, No. 4
(1981), pp. 311-313.
Forehand, Rex, and others. Parent behavioral
training to modify child noncompliance:
treatment generalization across time and from
home to school. Behavior Modification, vol. 3,
No. 1 (1979), pp. 3-25.
Irwin Sandler, Erin Schoenfelder, Sharlene Wolchik,
and David MacKinnon (2011) Long-term Impact of
Prevention Programs to Promote Effective
Parenting: Lasting Effects but Uncertain Processes
Annu Rev Psychol. 2011; 62: 299–329.
Forehand, Rex, and others. Teaching parents to
modify child behavior problems: an
examination of some follow-up data. Journal
of Pediatric Psychology, vol. 6, No. 3 (1981),
pp. 313-322.
Forehand, Rex, and others. Side effects of
parent counseling on marital satisfaction.
Journal of Counseling Psychology, vol. 29, No. 1
(1982), pp. 104-107.
Forehand, Rex, and others. Mothers’
evaluation of a parent training program
completed three and one-half years earlier.
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental
Psychiatry, vol. 14, No. 4 (1983), pp. 339-342.
Forehand, Rex, and Nicholas Long. Outpatient
treatment of the acting out child: procedures,
long term follow-up data and clinical problems.
Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy,
vol. 10, No. 3 (1988), pp. 129-177.
Griest, D.L., Rex Forehand, and Karen C. Wells.
Follow-up assessment of parent behavioral
training: an analysis of who will participate.
Child Study Journal, vol. 11 (1981), pp. 221229.
Humphreys, Lewis, and others. Parent
behavioral training to modify child
noncompliance: effects on untreated siblings.
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental
Psychiatry, vol. 9, No. 3 (1978), pp. 35-238.
Long, Patricia, and others. Does parent training
with young noncompliant children have long
term effects? Behaviour Research and
Therapy, vol. 32, No.1 (1994), pp. 101-107.
Roberts, Mark W., Victor C. Joe, and Anna
Rowe-Hallbert. Oppositional child behavior and
parental locus of control. Journal of Clinical
Child Psychology, vol. 21, No. 2 (1992), pp.
170-177.
Wells, Karen C., Rex Forehand, and Douglas L.
Griest. Generality of treatment effects from
treated to untreated behaviors resulting from
a parent training program. Journal of Clinical
Child Psychology, vol. 9, No. 3 (1980), pp. 217219.
C-3 Consideration of Ecology and System Characteristics
Research
Ecological Approach: Ecological Analysis or
Ecological Action
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
Yuki Matsumoto, Kate Sofronoff, and Matthew R.
Sanders. (2009) Socio-Ecological predictor model of
parental intention to participate in triple P-Positive
parenting program. Journal of Child and Family
Studies, 18(3):274–283, June 2009.
Matthew R. Sanders, Alan Ralph, Kate Sofronoff,
Paul Gardiner, Rachel Thompson, Sarah Dwyer,
and Kerry Bidwell. (2008) Every family; : A
population approach to reducing behavioral and
emotional problems in children making the
transition to school. The Journal of Primary
Prevention, 29(3):197–222, May 2008.
Elizabeth A. Stormshak, Arin M. Connell, MarieHélène Véronneau, Michael W. Myers, Thomas J.
Dishion, Kathryn Kavanagh, and Allison S.
Caruthers. (2011) An ecological approach to
promoting early adolescent mental health and
social adaptation: Family-Centered intervention in
public middle schools. Child Development,
82(1):209–225, 2011.
Karen M. T. Turner and Matthew R. Sanders. (2006)
Dissemination of evidence-based parenting and
family support strategies: Learning from the triple
P—Positive parenting program system approach.
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(2):176–193,
March 2006.
Matthew R. Sanders, Karen M. T. Turner, and Carol
Markie-Dadds. (2002) The development and
dissemination of the triple P—Positive parenting
program: A multilevel, Evidence-Based system of
parenting and family support. Prevention Science,
3(3):173–189, September 2002
Dishion TJ, Kavanagh K. (2000). A multilevel
approach to family-centered prevention in schools:
process and outcome. Addict Behav. NovDec;25(6):899-911. (ADAI jl)
Use of System Characteristics/Organizational
Development Theory
Rhonda Breitkreuz, David McConnell, Amber
Savage and Alec Hamilton (2011) Integrating Triple
P into Existing Family Support Services: A Case
Study on Program Implementation Prevention
Science, Volume 12, Number 4 (2011), 411-422
C-4 Consideration of Community or Cultural Contexts
Research
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
D Questions related to Future and Current Research
Research
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
Overview
D-1 Major knowledge/practice/policy questions and draft or existing research agendas
Research
D-2 Use of new research methods (beyond RCT’s)
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
Research
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
D-3 Methodological Issues and Questions
Research
Leanne Winter, Alina Morawska, and Matthew
Sanders. (2012) The knowledge of effective
parenting scale (KEPS): A tool for public health
approaches to universal parenting programs. The
Journal of Primary Prevention, pages 1–13, April
2012.
D. M. Gorman, D. M. Gorman, E. Conde, D. M.
Gorman, E. Conde, J. C. Huber, D. M. Gorman, E.
Conde, and J. C. Huber. (2007) The creation of
evidence in ’evidence-based’ drug prevention: a
critique of the strengthening families program
plus life skills training evaluation. Drug Alcohol Rev,
26(6):585–593, January 2007.
Yagnamurthy Sreekanth(2011) Parents
Involvement in the Education of their Children:
Indicators of Level of Involvement, International
Journal about Parents in Education, 2011, 5, (1),
25-35
Laura G. Hill, Scott G. Goates, and Robert
Rosenman. (2010) Detecting Selection Effects in
Community Implementations of Family-Based
Substance Abuse Prevention Programs. American
Journal of Public Health: April 2010, Vol. 100, No. 4,
pp. 623-630.
Stephen R. Shamblen and James H. Derzon. (2009)
A preliminary study of the Population-Adjusted
effectiveness of substance abuse prevention
programming: Towards making IOM program types
comparable. The Journal of Primary Prevention,
Reports/Resources (Educational, Planning etc)
30(2):89–107, March 2009.
Michelle Miller-Day and Jennifer A. Kam. (2010)
More than just openness: Developing and
validating a measure of targeted Parent–Child
communication about alcohol. Health
Communication, 25(4):293–302, May 2010.
Research Showing the Connection between this Intervention and Educational Outcomes or School
Effectiveness
Research
Reports/Resources
Research Showing Relative Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness or Cost-Benefits of this Intervention
Research
Spoth, R., Guyull, M., & Day, S. (2002) Universal
family-focused interventions in alcohol-use
disorder prevention: Cost effectiveness and costbenefit analyses of two interventions. Journal of
Studies on Alcohol, 63, 219–228
Sanders, Matthew R.; Markie-Dadds, Carol; Tully,
Lucy A.; Bor, William (2000) The Triple P-Positive
Parenting Program: A comparison of enhanced,
standard, and self-directed behavioral family
intervention for parents of children with early
onset conduct problems. Journal of Consulting and
Clinical Psychology, Vol 68(4), Aug 2000, 624-640
Matthew R. Sanders, William Bor, and Alina
Morawska. (2007) Maintenance of treatment
gains: A comparison of enhanced, standard, and
self-directed triple P-Positive parenting program.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35(6):983–
Reports/Resources
998, December 2007.
Ireen de Graaf, Simone Onrust, Merel Haverman,
and Jan Janssens. (2009) Helping families improve:
an evaluation of two primary care approaches to
parenting support in the Netherlands. Inf. Child
Develop., 18(6):481–501, 2009.
Dretzke, J., Frew, E., Davenport, C., Barlow, J.,
Stewart-Brown, S., Sandercock, J., Bayliss, S.,
Raftery, J., Hyde, C. & Taylor, R. (2005). The
effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parent
training/education programmes for the treatment
of conduct disorder, including oppositional defiant
disorder, in children. Health Technology
Assessment, 9(iii), ix–x, 1–233.