“ * ” = variables handed out. Variables 126-146 were added by attendees.
Candidate Urban FCM Variables
(Eutrophication model)
1
2
3
4*
5*
6*
7
8
9*
10*
11
12
13*
14*
15*
16*
17*
18*
19
20
21
22
23
24*
25*
26
27
28*
29*
30
31
32*
33*
34*
35*
36
37*
38
39*
40*
41*
42*
Amount of dry weather runoff
Amount of wet weather runoff
Import of raw potable water
Industrial wastewater effluent
Municipal wastewater effluent
Overflows of combined storm and sanitary
sewers
Runoff and leachate from waste disposal sites
Runoff from abandoned mines
Runoff from impervious surfaces
Runoff from large construction sites
Runoff from mines
Runoff from oil fields
Runoff from small construction sites
Runoff from unsewered industrial sites
Septic leachate and runoff from failed septic
systems
Storm sewer outfalls
Urban runoff from unsewered and sewered
areas
Age of sewer system
Alteration of stream structure
Amount of traffic
Commercial development
Consumption of water
Habitat fragmentation
Human population size
Impervious surface area
Industrical development
Interruption of hydrologic cycle
Land development
Lawn size
Percent tree cover
Road maintenance
Shoreline development
Urban drainage
Urban land area
Wetland area
Amount of evapotranspiration
Amount of Precipitation
Amount of wind
Frequency and intensity of storms
Frequency of intermittent pulse exposures
Frequency of rain events
Frequency of winter warming
Variable Class
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Runoff Sources
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Urban Attributes
Environmental Covariates
Environmental Covariates
Environmental Covariates
Environmental Covariates
Environmental Covariates
Environmental Covariates
Environmental Covariates
“ * ” = variables handed out. Variables 126-146 were added by attendees.
43*
44*
45*
82
Environmental Covariates
Slope of land
Measures/sources of Urban-derived
Amount of Phosphorus in lawn fertilizers
Measures/sources of Urban-derived
Amount of phosphorus in Combined Sewer
Overflows
Amount of sludge from wastewater treatment Measures/sources of Urban-derived
plants used as sludge for fertilizer
Measures/sources of Urban-derived
Atmospheric Deposition of P
Measures/sources of Urban-derived
Domestic pet population
Measures/sources of Urban-derived
Household detergent phosphorus
Measures/sources of Urban-derived
Lawn fertilizer phosphorus
Measures/sources of Urban-derived
Phosphorus burial in sediment
Measures/sources of Urban-derived
Phosphorus from Vegetation clippings
Measures/sources of Urban-derived
Phosphorus transport to streams
Population of urban wildlife (especially birds) Measures/sources of Urban-derived
Measures/sources of Urban-derived
Sedimentation
Measures/sources of Urban-derived
Spills
Measures of Urban activity
Accumulation of sediment in sewers
Measures of Urban activity
Acid rain
Measures of Urban activity
Air quality
Measures of Urban activity
Amount of lawn pesticides used
Amount of porous concrete and asphalt (which Measures of Urban activity
can trap and store VOCs)
Measures of Urban activity
Beach closures
Measures of Urban activity
Degradation of the chemical profile of the
water that flows through streams
Measures of Urban activity
Degree of demand on energy and other
resources
Measures of Urban activity
Discharge of sediments
Measures of Urban activity
Drain erosion
Measures of Urban activity
Dumping
Measures of Urban activity
Fixation of N via burning fossil fuels
Measures of Urban activity
Flooding and bank erosion
Measures of Urban activity
Illicit sewer connections
Measures of Urban activity
Quality of drinking water
Measures of Urban activity
Quality of human health
Measures of Urban activity
Sanitary sewer cross-connections
Measures of Urban activity
Soil erosion
Measures of Urban activity
Stream stability
Measures of Urban activity
Surface attrition/corrosion/elution/erosion
Urban Management Practices
Amount of erosion fences used
Ban P in lawn fertilizers in P-sensitive basins Urban Management Practices
Urban Management Practices
Creation of open channels to replicate
predevelopment stream hydrology
Urban Management Practices
Creation of retention ponds
Education and outreach to waterfront residents Urban Management Practices
on septic system construction and maintenance
Urban Management Practices
Efficiency of public transit
83*
Filtration of water through soil to recharge
46*
47
48
49
50
51*
52
53*
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62*
63
64
65*
66*
67
68
69*
70
71
72
73
74*
75*
76
77
78*
79*
80*
81*
Urban Management Practices
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
“ * ” = variables handed out. Variables 126-146 were added by attendees.
84*
85*
86*
87*
88*
89*
90*
91*
92
93
94*
95*
96
97*
98*
99*
100*
101
102*
103
104
105*
106
107*
108
109*
110
111*
112*
113*
114*
115*
116*
groundwater aquifers
Urban Management Practices
Improvement of waste, wastewater,
stormwater, and transportation infrastructure
Intensification of development within existing Urban Management Practices
urban areas/ Restriction of future land
development beyond current urban boundaries
Maintenance of vegetated riparian buffer zones Urban Management Practices
Managing the specific mix of nutrient sources Urban Management Practices
in eutrophic areas
Urban Management Practices
Mandatory disconnection of direct on-site
septic systems to Great Lakes
Mandatory pumping of on-site septic systems Urban Management Practices
on a periodic basis
Urban Management Practices
Optimizing delivery of agency programs to
address point and non-point sources of P
Urban Management Practices
Optimizing STP operations
Urban Management Practices
Plant uptake of Phosphorus
Urban Management Practices
Promoting nutrient-use efficiency in urban
communities
Urban Management Practices
Public education about low P fertlilizer use
Urban Management Practices
Reduction of erosion from construction sites
Urban Management Practices
Regulation of technology standards
Urban Management Practices
Retrofitting existing infrastructure to green
infrastructure
Urban Management Practices
Retrofitting/monitoring facilities
Urban Management Practices
Sustainable building practices
Urban Management Practices
Use of filters and infiltration trenches
Urban Management Practices
Use of litter control and street sweeping
Abundance of aquatic macrophytes and algal Biological measures- L. Erie
biomass in Lake Erie
Biological measures- L. Erie
Abundance of fish
Biological measures- L. Erie
Biodiversity
Biological measures- L. Erie
Cladophora in Nearshore Lake Erie
Biological measures- L. Erie
Fish kills
Biological measures- L. Erie
Hazardous algal blooms
Biological measures- L. Erie
Invertebrate abundance in Lake Erie
Environmental Covariates in Lake
Dissolved oxygen concentration
Erie
Environmental Covariates in Lake
Sediment contamination
Erie
Environmental Covariates in Lake
Sunlight penetration in Lake Erie
Erie
Environmental Covariates in Lake
Water quality in Lake Erie
Erie
Environmental Covariates in Lake
Water temperature in Lake Erie
Erie
Measures of P in Receiving waters
Bioavailable Phosphorus in water
Measures of P in Receiving waters
Dissolved inorganic phosphates in water
Measures of P in Receiving waters
Dissolved inorganic phosphorus in water
“ * ” = variables handed out. Variables 126-146 were added by attendees.
117
118*
119
120*
121*
122*
123*
124*
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
Nitrogen concentration in water
Particulate Phosphorus in water
Sodium and chloride concentrations in water
Soluble Reactive phosphorus Concentration in
Nearshore Lake Erie
Soluble reactive phosphorus Concentration in
Offshore Lake Erie
Total phosphorus Concentration in Nearshore
Lake Erie
Total phosphorus Concentration in Offshore Lake
Erie
Total phosphorus in water
Zinc, copper, cadmium, PAHs in water
Instream and bank erosion
Area of green roof coverage
Area of ground level green infrastructure
Length of discharge pipe from WWTP
Amount of sludge liquor (dewatering phase in
WWTP)
Amount of Recycled Phosphorus from waste
water directly into food/biomass
Amount Recycled Phosphorus at WWTP into
fertilizer
Amount of Recycled Phosphorus from waste
water directly into biomass energy
Runoff over bare frozen ground
Amount of fertilizer on bare agricultural soil
(picked up by wind)
urban-like residential clusters along LE shoreline
River/stream transport and storage characteristics
River/stream sediment mobilization factors floods, ice action, erosion
Caffeine and PCP/Pharmaceuticals in
nearshore/offshore zone
Faecal indicators (bacteria) in nearshore/offshore
zones
Other contaminants e.g. flame retardants)
Stormwater reuse at the source
Water reuse from the municipal sewage treatment
plants
Water reuse at industrial, commercial and
institutional facilities
Water conservation and reuse by residents
Stormwater reuse from the pond/outfall
Measures of P in Receiving waters
Measures of P in Receiving waters
Measures of P in Receiving waters
Measures of P in Receiving waters
Measures of P in Receiving waters
Measures of P in Receiving waters
Measures of P in Receiving waters
Measures of P in Receiving waters
Measures of P in Receiving waters
Urban Management
Urban Management
Urban Management
Urban Management
Measures/Sources of urban derived P
Urban Management
Urban Management
Urban Management
Runoff Sources
Environmental Covariates
Environmental Covariates
Environmental Covariates
Environmental Covariates
Traces urban activity
Traces urban activity
Traces urban activity