Smart hospital
b
SMART HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Prepared by:
Hanan Sadaqa
Nahla Salous
Smart hospital
SMART HOSPITAL
HOSPITAL INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Prepared by:
Hanan Sadaqa
Nahla Salous
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of BSc Degree
in Telecommunication Engineering
Supervisor: Dr.Ahmad Al Masri
Dr.Yousef Dama
An-Najah National University
2014-2015
Smart hospital
Abstract
The convergence of information technology systems in health care building is causing us
to look for more effective integration of technologies. Facing increased competition,
tighter spaces, staff retention and reduced reimbursement, today’s hospitals are looking
at strategic ways to use technology to manage their systems called smart hospital.
The concept of the smart hospital is about adding intelligence to the traditional hospital
systems by covering all resources and locations with patient information. Patient’s
information is playing an essential role in the patient privacy in any health care system
,then the main commitment for any health care system is to improve the quality of the
patient and privacy of patient’s information.
Today, there is a need of such computer environment where treatment to patients can be
given on the basis of his/her previous medical history at the time of emergency at any
time, on any place and anywhere. Pervasive and ubiquitous environment and Semantic
Web can bring the boon in this field. The key solution of the smart hospital is online
identification of all patients information, doctors, nurses, staff hospital rooms, etc .To
provide remote access to critical patient data by doctors, nurses and clinicians within a
hospital environment.
In this project efforts is channeled to improve traditional hospital system into smart
hospital in the near future by three applications of information management that created
using web development software technology and open source database software.
Keywords: Smart Hospital (SH) - Development Software Technology - Open
Source Database Soft ware - Health care system
Smart hospital
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our deepest appreciation to Allah for given us the possibility
to complete this project. A special gratitude to our supervisors Dr. Yousef Dama and
Dr. Ahmad Al Masri for their comments ,suggestions and encouragement to finish
our project . We thank the teaching stuff for providing necessary information regarding
the project.
We would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation Our parents for their
permanent support. Our thanks also go to our friends and people willingly helped us out
with their abilities.
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Contents
Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. 1
Contents .............................................................................................................................. 2
List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... 4
List of Flowcharts................................................................................................................. 6
List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... 7
List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................ 8
Chapter 1: Introduction ......................................................................................................... 9
1.1Review.......................................... .................................................................................. 9
1.2Aims and Objectives……………… .................................................................................. 9
Chapter 2: Standards and Constrains .................................................................................... 11
2.1 Standards...................................................................................................................... 11
2.1.1802.11nStandard ......................................................................................................... 11
2.1.2 Open Source Standard ................................................................................................ 12
2.1.3 Standard Operating Environment................................................................................. 12
2.1.4 Wired Network Standard ............................................................................................ 13
2.1.5 Code 39 (3 OF 9) ....................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Constrains.............................. ...................................................................................... 13
Chapter 3: Project General Idea and Methodology of Executing ............................................ 15
3.1General Idea........................... ....................................................................................... 15
3.2 Methodology......................... ....................................................................................... 16
3.2.1 Programs and software ............................................................................................... 16
3.2.1.1 Android software .......................................................................................... 16
3.2.1.2 WAMP server .............................................................................................. 16
3.2.2 Flowcharts ................................................................................................................. 17
3.2.2.1Registration Application..................... ........................................................... 17
3.2.2.2Patient File Application. ................................................................................ 18
3.2.2.3 Patient Document Application. ...................................................................... 19
Chapter 4: Project Implementation ....................................................................................... 20
4.1 Hospital department……………………………………………… ……………………..…20
4.1.1 Hospital reception department:………………………………………...………………… 20
4.1.1.1Android Registration Application .............................................................................. 20
4.1.2 Patient's room ............................................................................................................ 25
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4.1.3 Medical stuff.............................................................................................................. 25
4.1.3.1Nurse Workbench: ......................................................................................... 25
4.1.3.1.a. Android Patient File Application. ........................................................... 25
4.1.3.2 Doctor workbench: ....................................................................................... 28
4.1.3.2.a Android Patient Document Application. ................................................... 29
Chapter 5: Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 31
5.1 Conclusion................................ ................................................................................... 32
References ......................................................................................................................... 33
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List of Figures
Figure 3.1: General idea of smart hospital
Figure 3.2: WAMP server methodology
Figure 4.1: Officer Authentication and search for patient file.
(a) Officer Authentication
(b) Search for patient file
Figure 4.2: Create new patient file.
Figure 4.3: Patients have file in database .
Figure 4.4: Patients profile picture.
(a) Choose profile picture
(b)Upload picture to database
Figure 4.5: General information form
Figure 4.6: Medical history form
Figure 4.7: Choose document for patient file.
Figure 4.8: Add document to patient file
(a)Upload picture to patient file
(b)Document data base
Figure 4.9: Patient file database.
(a)General information database
(b) Medical history database
Figure 4.10:Open saved patient file.
Figure 4.11: Nurse access patient file
Figure 4.12: Nurse choose activity
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Figure 4.13: General information activity
Figure 4.14: Medical information activity with history file.
(a) Medical information activity
(b) Medical history file
Figure 4.15: Medical treatment and doctor notes
Figure 4.16 : Medical treatment database table
Figure 4.17 : Doctor log in to patient document
Figure 4.18 : Doctor choose activity
Figure 4.19:Patient information
Figure 4.20: Medical data activity with history document.
(a) Medical data activity
(b) Medical history document
Figure 4.21 : Daily treatment and doctor order
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List of Flowcharts
Flowchart 3.1 : Creation or update patient file
Flowchart 3.2:steps for reading and update patient medical treatment information
Flowchart 3.3: Procedure to know patient state
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List of Tables
Table 1:802.11n standard
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List of Abbreviations
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SH
Smart Hospitals
HIMS
Hospitals information management system
ICT
Information and communication technology
WiFi
Wireless fidelity , Wireless technologies
MAC
Media access control
LANs
Local Area networks
LLC
Logical link control layer.
MIMO
Multiple input multiple output
OFDM
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
MySQL
Open source database soft ware
PHP
Web development software
SOE
Standard Operating Environment
MOE
Managed Operating Environment
UOE
Unmanaged Operating Environment
MDE
Managed Desktop Environment
OS
Operating system
SDK
Software Development Kit
PCs
Personal computers
WAMP
Windows, Apache, MySQL and PHP
Smart hospital
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter aims to give brief review of our graduation project part 1 then the aims and
objectives of this part ,moreover clarify additions and modifications to complete our
professional hospital information management system.
1.1 Review
At the end of our graduation project part one we deliver a unified solution, performance
and reliability to setup an integrated system for the transmission of patient information
between members of the hospital, such as Doctors , Doctors Alternate and nurses
without increase number of waiting lists, rising pressure on, this was done through
three application using android system .
First application, concern the reception section of hospital mainly consist of officer,
computers with full security software. This part of smart hospital responsible for patient
registration details, inpatient and outpatient registration, the patient's location,
admission and discharge details. Second application, is the Patient file application on
the tablet located in the patients room, which was created to be used by nurse to input
any medical data for the patient and to get any notes from the doctors. Third application,
Patient Document Application where the doctors can request ,read and update any
medical information quickly and easily and to give notes for the nurse about medical
information such as Drug dates, dates of Radiology and so on.
1.2 Aims and Objectives
Patient’s information is an important component of the patient privacy in any health care
system so it must be taken into consideration .The project main objectives can be
viewed as:
1. Wireless technologies (WiFi) which are being used by a number of hospitals to
extend current wired systems can be used to provide remote access to critical
patient data by doctors, nurses and clinicians within a hospital environment.
2. To improve relationships with patients and reduce the possibility of errors by
deploying wireless tools that enable doctors and nurses to input critical data on
the spot and offer immediate and reliable access to patient information and
records .
3. Remote healthcare solutions for Rural areas through Wireless links.
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Besides the main goals of our graduation project this part objectives can be viewed as:
1. Develop the three applications of HIMS further, to make the system more
integrated and easy to use with good reliability and high accuracy.
2. Transfer basic information such as the patient's name and Medical Registration
Number( MRN) on the bracelet of patient to be read using barcode , for the
purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to patients.
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Chapter 2: Standards and Constrains
This chapter introduces the standards used in the current work also, it presents the work
limitations.
2.1 Standards
2.1.1802.11nStandard
The IEEE 802.11 standard defines the standard for the physical layer and media access
control (MAC) for local Area networks (LANs) that share the same logical link control
(LLC) layer. The 802.11 family has so far have the (a, b, g) version and the latest being
(n) which defines the(multiple input multiple output –orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing ) MIMO-OFDM in the WLAN environment..
The idea behind the IEEE 802.11n standard was that it would be able to provide much
better performance and be able to keep pace with the rapidly growing speeds provided
by technologies such as Ethernet. The new 802.11n standard boasts an impressive
performance, the main points of which were summarized in Table 1:
IEEE 802.11N FEATURES
PARAMETER
IEEE 802.11N STANDARD
Maximum data rate (Mbps)
600
RF Band (GHz)
Modulation
2.4 or 5
CCK, DSSS, or OFDM
Number of spatial streams
1, 2, 3, or 4
Channel width (MHz)
20, or 40
Table 1:802.11n standard
To achieve this number of new features that have been incorporated into the IEEE
802.11n standard to enable the higher performance. The major innovations are
summarized below:
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
Changes to implementation of OFDM

Introduction of MIMO

MIMO power saving

Wider channel bandwidth

Antenna technology

Reduced support for backward compatibility under special circumstances to
improve data throughput. [3]
Smart hospital
2.1.2 Open Source Standard
Open source software is a software whose source code is available for modification or
enhancement by any one and "Source code" is the part of software that most computer
users don't ever see .Programmers who have access to a computer program's source code
can improve that program by adding features to it or fixing parts that don't always work
correctly.
Many people prefer open source software because they have more control over that kind
of software. They can examine the code to make sure it is not doing anything they don't
want it to do, and they can change parts of it they don't like. [4]
The following are examples of open source software

Apache HTTP Server [http://httpd.apache.org/] (web server)

GNOME [http://www.gnome.org/] (Linux desktop environment)

Moodle [http://www.moodle.org/] (virtual learning system)

Firefox [http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/] (web browser based on Mozilla)

MySQL [http://www.mysql.com/] (database)

PHP [http://www.php.net/] (web development)

PostgreSQL [http://www.postgresql.org/] (database)
In the project we deal with open source database software (MySQL) as database and the
web development software (PHP). [5]
2.1.3 Standard Operating Environment
A Standard Operating Environment (SOE) is a standard implementation of an operating
system and its associated software. For instance (MOE) Managed Operating Environment,
(UOE) Unmanaged Operating Environment and (MDE) Managed Desktop Environment.
The major advantage of using SOE in a business environment is the reduction in the cost
and time taken to deploy, configure, maintain, support and manage computers. [6]
An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software
resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system
is an essential component of the system software in a computer system . Application
programs usually require an operating system to function. Examples of popular modern
operating systems include Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, OS X, QNX, and Microsoft
Windows.[6]
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2.1.4 Wired Network Standard
In computing terminology, the term "wired" is used to differentiate between wireless
connections and those that involve cables.
A wired network is a common type of wired configuration. Most wired networks use
Ethernet cables to transfer data between connected personal computers ( PCs). [7]
IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of IEEE standards produced by the
working group defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access
control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. This is generally a local area network technology
with some wide area network applications. Physical connections were made between
nodes and/or infrastructure devices (hubs, switches, routers) by various types of copper
or fiber cable. [8]
2.1.5 Code 39 (3 OF 9)
Code 39 is the standard for many government barcode specifications, including the U.S.
Department of Defense. Code 39 is defined in American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) standard MH10.8M-1983, and is also known as USD-3 and 3 of 9.
The Code 39 character set includes the digits 0-9, the letters A-Z (upper case only), and
the following symbols: space, minus (-), plus (+), period (.), dollar sign ($), slash (/), and
percent (%). A special start/stop character is placed at the beginning and end of each
barcode. The barcode may be of any length, although more than 25 characters really
begins to push the bounds.
Code 39 is just about the only type of barcode in common use that does not require a
checksum. This makes it especially attractive for applications (in supermarkets and retail
stores, to check out books from a library, to identify hospital patients)where it is
inconvenient, difficult, or impossible to perform calculations each time a barcode is
printed.
A barcode reader is used to read the code. The reader uses a laser beam that is sensitive
to the reflections from the line and space thickness and variation. The reader translates
the reflected light into digital data that is transferred to a computer for immediate action
or storage. Today, many smart phones are able to scan different types of barcodes.[9]
2.2 Constrains
The project implementation may face many Constrains such as the ability to provide
device for example tablet or mobile for each patient .In addition the lack patient specific
information, which we are supposed to know so the application can be created to easily
exchange information for instance between the nurse and doctors.
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There is a social constrain in which many patients do not accept the thought of having
his or her personal information online..On the other hand, hospitals are not interested in
revealing any patient information for privacy issues.,.
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Chapter 3: Project General Idea and
Methodology of Executing
This chapter is dedicated to discuss the idea of the current project which is illustrated in
the programs ,software which are used to section one, section two describes in detail
implement the current work also flowcharts that clarify the methodology of executing
three applications of (HIMS)are presented.
3.1General Idea
According to the aims and the objectives presented in chapter one, the ideas summarized
in the Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.1: General idea of smart hospital
The project perception of the smart hospital is to provide good services through the
cooperation among its departments is summarized as follow. The hospital consist of the
reception department where the patient register to enter the hospital then She/he will
has a health care file in the data base .The data server that acts as an information
database so it is a basic part of hospital. In addition ,soft mobile application will
establish the connection among doctors tablets and the data server as a result each
doctor can request information at any time about any patient in the hospital from the
data server. Moreover, As the doctor enters the patient room, his tablet will
automatically synchronize to identify the patient profile after reading the
barcode on patients bracelets . In conclusion, smart hospital acts as family’s private
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doctor, who provides medical history for any emerging situation about any patient.
3.2 Methodology
3.2.1 Programs and software
3.2.1.1 Android software
Android operating system (OS) one of the most widely used mobile OS these days and
is supporting a large number of applications in smart phones , therefore it is chosen to
design three applications that is directly related to database.
Android applications are written in java programming language and this rich source of
software bunch is used in mobile technology through its innovation module of the
Android Software Development Kit (SDK).[10]
3.2.1.2 WAMP server
To execute the idea, WAMP server is chosen to deal with android app .WAMP sever is
acronym for Windows, Apache, MySQL and PHP, it is software which creates an
environment for developing PHP, MySQL web application. MYSQL is used as a
database are stored in tables that is a collection of related data, and it consists of
columns and rows at the web server. And PHP is used to fetch data from the
database.[11]
In another words, our android application will communicate with the PHP page with
necessary parameters and PHP will contact MYSQL database and will fetch the result
and return the results to our application as shown in Figure 3.2.
Figure 3.2: WAMP server methodology
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3.2.2 Flowcharts
The current project will be implemented using three applications. First application has
the name registration associates with reception department. Second application is for the
doctor mobile which is called patient document. Third application exists on the tablet
used by nurse with patient file name.
3.2.2.1 Registration Application.
Flowchart 3.1 describes the steps for opening saved patient file in database or for
creation new one .
Click on registration
application to START
Record patient name
and personal
identification number
as rare serial
Enter secret
password to
open system
Is
patient file
stored in the
database?
YES
Press
Open
Press
search
Read and
update patient
medical history
information
Read and
update patient
general
information
NO
Press
Create
Patient file is
created /updated
successfully
Now patient has
Unique Code in
MYSQL database
Fill patient
general
information
then press GO
Fill patient
medical history
information
Flowchart 3.1: Creation or update patient file
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Add file
or X-RAY
photo
END
Smart hospital
3.2.2.2Patient File Application.
Flowchart 3.2 shows how can a nurse read and update the patient file .As nurse process
medical treatment information the changes can be sent to the doctor and upload to
database.
Click on Patient
File Application to
START
Scan rare serial
from patients’
bracelets
Nurse choose
treatment/notes
activity
Nurse choose
general
information
activity
Nurse choose
medical history
activity
NOW the patient
file associated
with serial is
opened
Read/Write
medical
treatment or
notes
Read patient
general
information
Read patient
medical history
Choose the activity
Upload changes
to database
END
Flowchart 3.2: steps for reading / update patient file by nurse
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3.2.2.3 Patient Document Application.
Flowchart 3.3 clarifies the procedure that doctor follows to review the patient condition
then he can writes notes to the nurse .
Flowchart 3.3: Procedure to know patient state
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Chapter 4: Project Implementation
This chapter present all steps used in implementing the current work.
4.1 Hospital department
4.1.1 Hospital reception department:
The reception section of hospital mainly consist of officer, computers with full security
software. In addition a wired networks using Ethernet cables for permanent connection
with data server through applications and WAMP server. Moreover, this part of smart
hospital responsible for patient registration details, inpatient and outpatient registration,
the patient's location, admission and discharge details.
4.1.1.1Android Registration Application
An android registration application is used to open saved patient file in database or
for creation new one . For security, as the officer click on the registration application
icon, password known to officer only is asked to enter, Figure 4.1(a), then the officer
check if the patient has file in database by enter the patient name , personal
identification number as rare serial then press search . See Figure 4.1(b).
(a) Officer Authentication
(b) Search for patient file
Figure 4.1: Officer Authentication and search for patient file.
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We have two cases of search operation :
Case 1: if the patient file not found in database officer have to create new file by click
on create button . See Figure 4.2
Figure 4.2: Create new patient file.
As the officer enters create new patient form , a unique Medical Registration Number
(MRN) that was found by rare serial are created and inserted to the MYSQL database as
shown in Figure 4.3
Figure 4.3: Patients have file in database .
To distinguish and recognize patient officer can add profile picture in patient file , then
press continue to load picture to database .see Figure 4.4
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(b) Choose profile picture
(b)Upload picture to database
Figure 4.4: Patients profile picture .
The "first activity" of the patient file contain general information of the patient his/her
full name ,gender, year of birth , blood, if he/she smoker or not, bed number and other
important basic information, as shown in Figure 4.5
Figure 4.5: General information form
Officer press go then general information will be stored in MYSQL database table
associated to patient . Now the" second activity " views important medical history
information of patient such like Chronic disease ,previous surgery ,sensitivity of some
drugs . See Figure 4.6
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Figure 4.6: Medical history form
In addition officer can add previous reports , x-ray photo to the patient file . press on add
button then dialog appear to choose the photo . See Figure 4.7
Figure 4.7: Choose document for patient file.
Now Officer have to Press upload to load photos to database . See Figure 4.8
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(a)Upload picture to patient file
(b) Document data base
Figure 4.8: Add document to patient file
The file creation process will complete after officer press logout .Now all entered data
in first and second activity stored in database table associated with the MRN of patient .
See Figure 4.9
(a)General information database
(b) Medical history database
Figure 4.9: Patient file database
Case2: If the patient file found in database officer can open it by click on open button .
See Figure 4.10
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Figure 4.10: Open saved patient file.
In this case officer can changes and edits old information in all activities by enter edit button
present in any page and at the end press logout to save all changes in allocated database tables.
4.1.2 Patient's room
The patient's room contains comfortable bed, light, television, medical devices, patients
wear bracelets printed on it the MRN barcodes associated with patient . The nurse and
doctor can use their smart phones or tablets to scan MRN then the patient file open .
4.1.3 Medical stuff
4.1.3.1Nurse Workbench:
Nurses play significant roles in hospitals, clinics and private practices. Nursing job
duties include communicating between patients and doctors, caring for the patients.
Their job also involve observing and recording patients' conditions .Moreover,
providing emotional support to patients and their families and advising patients on how
to self-administer medication and physical therapy.
4.1.3.1.a. Android Patient File Application.
Patient file application download to nurse tablet then she use it to access the patient file
after scanning the MRN barcode associated to his/her patient from the bracelets .See
Figure 4.11 .
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Figure 4.11: Nurse access patient file
After login to patient file success , nurse have to choose the activity she need "three
cases " See Figure 4.12.
Figure 4.12: Nurse choose activity
Case 1: Nurse prees general information button then she can only read the patient
information in this activity .See Figure 4.13.
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Figure 4.13: General information activity
Case 2: Nurse choose medical history activity to see . Here as in general information
activity nurse has permission to read only . See Figure 4.14.
(a) Medical information activity
(b) Medical history file
Figure 4.14: Medical information activity with history file.
Case 3:As nurse enter treatment /notes button then the activity appear as in Figure 4.15.
In this page the nurse can record any treatment patient had taken ,and when she press
logout then time of treatment saved to database automatically .In addition she can read
the doctor notes and orders then executes them.
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Figure 4.15: Medical treatment and doctor notes
Whenever the nurse made any update or edition in patient file, at the moment she/he
close the application all these changes will be saved in MYSQL database to be used
later at any time as shown in Figure 4.16
Figure 4.16 : Medical treatment database table
4.1.3.2 Doctor workbench:
Doctors often work irregular hours and long shifts, often putting in more than 50 hours
per week. Even when away from work, many doctors spend time being on-call in case of
emergencies or shortages. They spend most of their time on their feet while examining
patients.
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4.1.3.2.a Android Patient Document Application.
This application aims to ease the doctor work as it manages all information required for
their work, then doctors can request , read and update any medical information quickly
and easily.
Firstly, when the doctor in patient room , he have to use his tablets or mobile as barcode
reader to scan the MRN barcode from the patients' bracelet then the patient document
open .In addition doctor can also open patient document anywhere by writing the patient
name. See Figure 4.17
Figure 4.17 : Doctor log in to patient document
In the second page of this application doctor has the ability to choose the activity he
want then we have "three cases". .See Figure 4.18
Figure 4.18 : Doctor choose activity
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Case1: Patient general information activity which were recorded by the officer at
reception part, Figure 4.19 .Here doctor can't change entered data
Figure 4.19:Patient information
Case2: Medical history activity shows doctor important data about patient past state
' photos , previous surgery, sensitivity to drugs , previous report ' ,Figure 4.20 .Doctor
has permission to read only.
(a) Medical data activity
(b) Medical history document
Figure 4.20: Medical data activity with history document
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Case3: Doctor need to see the daily medical treatment patient had taken then he/she can
write notes, needle, medicine or any order to nurse to implement at certain time. All
these are possible in treatment/note activity as in Figure 4.21.
Figure 4.21 : Daily treatment and doctor order
All changes are saved in MYSQL database after the doctor has closed the application,
and now it’s the nurse turn to execute orders .as in Figure 4.16
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Chapter 5: Conclusions and future work
5.1 Conclusion
The aim of the current project was to reach agreed outcomes for smart hospital
management system through three application using android system . First application,
concern the reception section of hospital mainly consist of officer, computers with full
security software. This part of smart hospital responsible for patient registration details,
inpatient and outpatient registration, the patient's location, admission and discharge
details. Second application, is the Patient file application on the nurse tablet, then nurse
can input any medical data for the patient and get any notes from the doctors. Third
application, Patient Document Application where the doctors can request ,read and
update any medical information quickly and easily and to give notes for the nurse
about medical information such as Drug dates, dates of Radiology and so on.
This applications can deliver a more unified solution, performance and reliability to
setup an integrated system for the transmission of patient information between members
of the hospital, such as Doctors , Doctors Alternate and nurses without increase number
of waiting lists, rising pressure on medical professionals and accountability for medical
negligence.
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[3] http://www.radio-electronics.com(13-11-2014)
[4] http://opensource.com(13-11-2104)
[5] http://oss-watch.ac.uk(13-11-2014)
[6] http://en.wikipedia.org(14-11-2014)
[7] http://www.techterms.com(25-10-2014)
[8] "Ethernet Prototype Circuit Board". Smithsonian National Museum of
American History
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org (15-4-2015)
[10] Android tutorial ( 23/10/2014 )
[11] PHP Tutorial ( 23/10/2014 )
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