Chapter 1 The Geography of Canada
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is not an organizing principle of Geography? a. places have a location b. places have a history c. places interact with other places d. places have physical and cultural characteristics
2. Which of the following facts is most important about Kelowna? a. Kelowna is located at 49˚ N and 119˚ W b. Kelowna is in British Columbia c. Kelowna is 400 km east of Vancouver d. Kelowna is the gateway to the Okanagan Valley
3. The physical characteristics of a place: a. have an impact on the way people live b. can have distinct advantages for human settlement c. can have distinct disadvantages for human settlement d. all of these e. a. and b. only
4. Which of the following is not an example of the cultural landscape of Prince Rupert? a. First Nations people used cedar bark to make artifacts b. Europeans cleared land and constructed buildings and roads c. the climate is mild and very wet d. Europeans exploited the area’s fish and forest resources
5. A sustainable activity: a. has to do with the production of food crops b. maintains ecological balance by avoiding depletion of a natural resource c. is one that exclusively uses recycled materials d. use completely organic farming techniques

6. Which of the following is not an example of a geographic region? a. historical region b. functional region c. formal region d. perceptual region
7. Globalization refers to the worldwide integration of which forces? a. economic b. technological c. cultural d. all of these e. a. and b. only
8. Which of the following did not cover Canada during the last Ice
Age? a. Cordilleran Ice Sheet b. Laurentide Ice Sheet c. Greenland Ice Sheet d. Keewatin Ice Sheet
9. Which of the following is not a consideration in defining a physical region? a. its history b. its climate c. its geology d. its vegetation
10. Rock that is changed from its original form through heat and pressure is: a. sedimentary b. metamorphic c. igneous d. altered
11. Rock that is made up of fused, layered deposits is: a. sedimentary b. organic c. igneous d. metamorphic

12. Rock formed from molten material is: a. sedimentary b. volcanic c. igneous d. metamorphic
13. Sedimentary rock is: a. formed from molten material b. made up of layered deposits of organic material c. made up of layered deposits that have fused together d. changed from its original form by heat and pressure
14. Igneous rock is: a. formed through the actions of volcanoes b. made up of layered deposits that have fused together c. changed from its original form by heat and pressure d. formed from molten material
15. Metamorphic rock is: a. altered from its original state through lengthy geologic processes b. formed from molten material c. made up of layered deposits that have fused together d. changed from its original form by heat and pressure
16. The Appalachian Region was once: a. the floor of an ancient sea b. a chain of volcanoes c. an ancient, now eroded mountain range d. a flat plain with many large rivers
17. Which of the following is not true of the Canadian Shield? a. its topography was altered by the actions of glaciers b. its geological formations are ancient c. metamorphic rock forms much of the Shield d. its climate is suitable for farming
18. The Innuitian Mountains are similar to the: a. Appalachians b. Coast Range c. Rockies d. Canadian Shield

19. Economic exploitation of the Arctic: a. may increase due to global warming b. is small as there are few mineral resources c. is heavily restricted due to permafrost d. is prohibited due to potential environmental damage
20. Which of the following is true of the St. Lawrence Lowlands? a. it is Canada’s smallest physical region b. it is Canada’s most populated region c. it was formed mostly from glacial activity d. all of these e. a. and b. only
21. The sandy, well drained soils of the St. Lawrence Lowlands make it ideal for: a. industrial activity b. mining activity c. forestry activity d. agricultural activity
22. The Interior Plains were once: a. covered with water b. covered with volcanoes c. a harsh desert d. heavily forested
23. Which of the following is not true of the Interior Plains? a. there are large deposits of fossil fuels b. it is a region of grassland and boreal forest c. it is rarely affected by drought d. there are many cattle ranches and vast farms
24. The Cordillera was formed by tectonic activity. This refers to: a. extensive volcanic activity b. extensive erosion of existing landforms c. extensive deposition of sediments d. the collision of continental plates
25. Geographically speaking, the youngest landforms in Canada are found in which region? a. Arctic b. Cordillera c. St. Lawrence Lowlands d. Appalachians

26. The most active seismic area in Canada is: a. British Columbia b. Nunavut c. Saskatchewan d. Quebec
27. The word “seismic” refers to: a. volcanic activity b. landslides c. earthquakes d. variations in the Earth’s magnetic field
28. Subduction is: a. when a continental plate is drawn under another b. when a continental plate is drawn over another c. when continental plates collide d. when continental plates diverge
29. Which of the following descriptors matches a continental climate? a. temperature extremes and high precipitation b. mild temperatures and low precipitation c. mild temperatures and high precipitation d. temperature extremes and low precipitation
30. Which of the following descriptors matches a maritime climate? a. temperature extremes and high precipitation b. mild temperatures and low precipitation c. mild temperatures and high precipitation d. temperature extremes and low precipitation
31. Altitude affects climate because: a. precipitation drops with increases in altitude b. temperature drops with increase in altitude c. temperature drops with decrease in altitude d. precipitation drops with decrease in altitude
32. As latitude increases, which of the following occurs? a. there is an increase in temperature b. seasonal climatic variations decrease c. seasonal climatic variations increase d. there is an increase in precipitation

33. The farther a place is from a large body of water: a. the smaller the variation of temperature b. the larger the variation of temperature c. the cooler the summers d. the warmer the winters
34. Which of the following is not true of West Coast communities? a. they are ice-bound for several months each winter b. they experience temperatures below freezing each winter c. they experience temperatures near freezing each winter d. they experience temperatures above freezing each winter
35. Prevailing winds in western Canada generally come from which of the following directional pairs? a. west and east b. west and north c. west and south d. east and north
36. Which of the following affects precipitation patterns? a. temperature b. topography c. masses of warm and cool air d. all of these e. a. and b. only
37. The effects of climate change seem to be most pronounced in which region? a. Arctic b. Cordillera c. Appalachians d. Interior Plains
38. Which of the following is part of an ecosystem? a. plants b. animals c. environment d. all of these e. a. and b. only

39. Altering one element in an ecosystem will: a. have no effect on other elements b. affect elements in close proximity c. set of a chain reaction affecting the rest of the ecosystem d. destroy the ecosystem
40. Which Natural Region of Canada is defined as “a treeless landscape
...with mostly low shrubs, mosses, and lichens”? a. Subarctic b. Tundra c. Parkland d. Grassland
41. Which Natural Region of Canada is defined as being dominated by evergreens, with many fur-bearing animals and not very fertile soils? a. Coast and Interior Forest b. Mixed Forest c. Coniferous Forest d. Open Woodland
42. Which Natural Region of Canada is defined as being made up of softwood trees, as well as hardwood trees? a. Coast and Interior Forest b. Mixed Forest c. Coniferous Forest d. Open Woodland
43. Which Natural Region of Canada is defined as an area of short grasses with not enough moisture for trees? a. Grassland b. Tundra c. Parkland d. Subarctic
44. Which Natural Region of Canada has the coldest climate? a. Tundra b. Grassland c. Parkland d. Subarctic

45. Which Natural Region of Canada has the most fertile soils? a. Parkland b. Open Woodland c. Grassland d. Coniferous Forest
46. Which Natural Region of Canada is defined as a transition zone between prairies and coniferous forest? a. Grassland b. Coast and Interior Forest c. Open Woodland d. Parkland
47. Which Natural Region of Canada is defined as an area of scattered evergreen trees, shrubs and grass? a. Tundra b. Parkland c. Open Woodland d. Grassland
48. Which Natural Region is principally found in British Columbia? a. Coniferous Forest b. Mixed Forest c. Coast and Interior Forest d. Open Woodland
49. Which forested region is identified as having the least fertile soils? a. Coniferous Forest b. Mixed Forest c. Coast and Interior Forest d. Open Woodland
50. European colonization has: a. affected some natural regions b. affected few natural regions c. had no effect on natural regions d. affected all natural regions
51. Farming in Alberta has affected: a. soil quality b. water quality c. water supplies d. all of these e. b. and c. only

52. Oil and gas development in Alberta: a. has no serious environmental impact b. has some environmental impact c. is beneficial to both the environment and the Alberta economy d. affects the environment and health of people significantly
53. Water pollution from the Alberta Oil Sands has caused: a. an alarming increase in fish mutations b. a high incidence of cancers in nearby communities c. decimation of local bison herds d. all of these e. a. and b. only
54. Which of the following countries does not have territorial claims in the Arctic? a. Canada b. Sweden c. Russia d. Norway
55. Which of the following is not a function of settlement? a. transport b. defense c. military d. residential centre
56. Single resource towns: a. can develop rapidly b. can fail when the resource is depleted c. are dependent only on that resource d. all of these e. a. and b. only
57. The process of urbanization: a. leads to large, concentrated populations b. is always beneficial for citizens c. has slowed in recent years d. all of these