Name:_______________________________________
Block:_____________
Rock Notes
1. Igneous Rocks
a. Form from the _____________________________________ of
_________________________. Includes the lavas and ashes you expect from a
volcano but it also includes a variety of rocks that solidify underground.
b. Magma- molten rock _____________ the surface.
c. Lava- molten rock _______________ the surface.
2. Sedimentary Rocks
a. They are formed when ________________ (bits of rock plus material such as
shells and sand) are ______________________________ together.
3. Metamorphic Rocks
a. They are formed from any rocks that have been transformed by
__________________________________or both.
4. The Rock Cycle
Add an arrow to indicate each of the following:
Red arrow from magma or lava to igneous rocks. Label it cooling/crystallization/solidification.
Brown arrow from igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary to sediments. Label it erosion and deposition.
Orange arrow from sediments to sedimentary. Label it compaction and cementation.
Green arrow from igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic to metamorphic. Label is
heat/pressure/chemical action.
Blue arrow from igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic to magma or lava. Label it melting.
5. Identifying the Rock Type
a. Igneous rocks are recognized by:
i. the __________________________________ of the grains
ii. the presence of _________________ (holes) in _______________
igneous rocks
iii. may be dark-colored and heavy
iv. may display _____________________, one much larger than the other
b. Sedimentary rocks are recognized by:
i. grains ______________________ together
ii. the presence of ___________________
iii. light-colored and light weight
iv. may display interlocking grains but is very light weight
c. Metamorphic rocks are recognized by:
i. the interlocking texture of large grains
ii. ___________________________________
iii. _______________ light and dark colors
iv. "ching" sound instead of a "chunk" sound when tapped
6. Igneous Rock Types
a. Felsic Magma- ________________________ and contains large amounts of silica
b. Mafic Magma- hotter, _______________, and more ___________ and contains
large amounts of iron and magnesium.
c. Extrusive igneous rocks- lava ______________________________ and harden
rapidly. This does ______________ large crystals to form. Can have a fine texture
or glassy texture.
d. Intrusive igneous rocks- magma cools __________________________. Because
it cools slowly, ________________ form and cause the rock to have a
_____________ texture.
7. Igneous Rock Features
a. A pluton is a rock mass that forms when __________ cools inside Earth's interior.
b. Batholith-_________________ and often forms the core of many mountain
ranges. Usually made of granite and can be exposed by uplift and erosion.
c. Laccolith-formed when magma is stiff and bulges upward to form a __________.
d. Dike-sheet of igneous rock that __________________ rock layers through cracks.
e. Sill-sheet of igneous rock that is _______________________________________.
8. Igneous Rock Examples:
a. Granite, Scoria, Pumice, Basalt, Gabbro, Obsidian
9. Sedimentary Rock Types
a. __________sedimentary rocks are formed from __________ of ____________.
They can be the size of pebbles, gravels, grains of sand, tiny particles of silt, or
microscopic flakes of clay.
i. Conglomerate, Sandstone, Shale
b. __________sedimentary rocks are formed when _________________________
in the water in lakes, swamps, and underground reservoirs get into sediments.
i. Rock salt, limestone, rock gypsum
c. ___________sedimentary rocks form from sediments consisting of the remains
of ____________________.
i. Organic limestone, chert, coal
10. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
a. ______________________ is the arrangement of visible layers.
b. _____________ are formed when a dead plant or animal is buried by sediments
and gradually turn into rock.
11. Types of Metamorphic Rocks
a. Parents rocks- the __________________________ before the heat and pressure.
As a result, a metamorphic rock often resembles the parent rock.
Sandstone
Shells
Shale
Marble
Slate
Granite
b. Foliated - ________________ due to intense ___________________ they
experience deep underground. ________________________________________
become oriented perpendicular to the directions of pressure. Increasing
temperature can cause minerals to recrystallize into larger crystals.
c. Nonfoliated- ____________________________ because they were exposed to
high temperature conditions, but not to high directional pressure. Tend to be
highly ____________________________ because of the high temperatures.