DNA/RNA Study Guide
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Know the term used to describe “how cells display their genetic characteristics”
o Hint: first word starts with a g…..second words starts with an e….
State the four differences between DNA and RNA
What is the place on a DNA strand called that tells RNA polymerase to stop
copying the DNA strand.. ______________ sequence
What are the base pairing rules?
Given the DNA strand ATGCAAT, what is the complementary strand of DNA?
Given the DNA strand TAGGGCCAAT, what is the complementary strand of RNA?
What are the three components that make up a nucleotide?
What is transcription?
What is translation?
Briefly describe the three processes of translation
The phosphates in DNA are bonded to what structure/molecule?
What is the name of the proteins that DNA wraps around to decrease the length
of the DNA molecule?
What is it called when a gene is expressed and a section of DNA is copied into
RNA?
What structure originally contains the information to place the amino acids in
the correct order?
Discuss the functions of the three types of RNA
A group of three mRNA nucleotides that translate to an amino acid is called a(n)
If a strand of mRNA contains 230 amino acids, how many codons does the strand
contain?
A codon that initiates transcription is called
A codon that ends transcription is called
How many nucleotides does a codon contain?
The pieces of the mRNA sequence that are spliced out are called
The pieces of the mRNA sequence that are connected back together and used
for coding are called
Know the difference between point and frameshift mutations
Know the difference between silent, missense, and nonsense mutations
Know about chromosomal mutations
This kind of mutation causes a ribosome to stop protein syntheses by introducing
a stop codon too early
The primary way that genes control the activities of a cell is by means of
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What kind of organisms are nucleic acids found in?
Be able to describe the process of DNA replication, including all enzymes
Be able to describe transcription and translation
List in order the events of protein synthesis
What connects the base pairs in DNA
What is the major difference between mRNA made in the nucleus and the m
RNA that exits the nucleus?
This kind of mutation causes the wrong amino acid to be used in making a
protein
The molecule that carries the message of the gene from the nucleus to the
ribosome is
This occurs when insertions or deletions cause the ribosome to read the wrong
sets of three nucleotides
If you want to get DNA from a eukaryotic cell, which structure would provide the
largest concentration?
Introns and exons are best associated with which process?
Cells regulate gene expression by…..
What is the function of helicase?
What is the function of ligase?
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
What is the function of RNA polymerase?
What is an okazaki fragment?
Know where DNA is located
Know where replication, transcription, and translation occur
Know the function of nucleic acids
Be familiar with the structure of the double-helix – all parts!