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1. Oil was this man's business and he came to dominate the American oil industry with his
Standard Oil of Ohio. Who was he?
A. John D. Rockefeller.
B. Andrew Carnegie.
C. John Pierpont Morgan.
D. Russell Conwell.
E. James B. Duke.
2. This Scottish immigrant dominated the steel industry until his retirement in 1900. He spent the rest of his life giving his fortune away through charitable agencies he set up. Who was he?
A. .John D. Rockefeller.
B. Andrew Carnegie
C. John Pierpont Morgan.
D. Russell Conwell.
E. James B. Duke.
3. This North Carolina businessman turned the new cigarette making machines into the foundation for a wealthy organization called the American Tobacco Company. Who was he?
A. John D. Rockefeller.
B. Andrew Carnegie.
C. John Pierpont Morgan.
D. Russell Conwell.
E. James B. Duke.
4. Who was Henry W. Grady and what did he accomplish?
A. Tennessee inventor who modified and made more efficient the cotton gin.
B. Georgia editor, Atlanta Constitution, encouraged industrialization in South.
C. Leader of the Mississippi Populist movement.
D. Florida politician & racist, leader of Ku Klux Klan
E. Louisiana planter, introduced peanuts and soy beans as crops
5. In what industry did the South prosper between the Civil War and 1900?
A. Steel production.
B. Mining.
C. Textile mills.
D. Brick making.
E. Chemicals.
6. In terms of social changes, which of the following groups was most profoundly impacted by the
Industrial Revolution?
A. Blacks.
B. Women.
C. Immigrants.

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D. Asians.
E. Farmers.
7. The lockout and ironclad oath were tactics used against which group?
A. Industrialists.
B. Racists.
C. Labor unions.
D. Sharecroppers.
E. Miners.
8. All of the following are characteristics of the National Labor Union, organized in 1866,
EXCEPT?
A. Attracted skilled, unskilled workers and farmers.
B. Encourage women members.
C. Forbid Asians from joining.
D. Sought the eight-hour workday and arbitration of labor disputes.
E. Discouraged or failed to encourage black membership.
9. All of the following were characteristics of the Knights of Labor, formed in 1869, EXCEPT?
A. Welcomed both skilled and unskilled labor.
B. Encouraged both female and black membership.
C. Became deeply involved in political activities.
D. Fostered industrial arbitration over striking as a tool.
E. Campaigned for the eight-hour workday.
10. Who among the following was a leader of the Knights of Labor?
A. Henry George.
B. Samuel Gompers.
C. Terrence V. Powderly
D. Eugene V. Debs.
E. John L. Lewis.
11. The greatest weakness of the Knight of Labor was which of the following characteristics?
A. Admitted women and blacks to membership.
B. Refused to engage in political activities.
C. Tried to mix skilled and unskilled workers in its ranks.
D. Used arbitration exclusively in it relationship with management.
E. Unsuccessfully sought an eight hour work day
12. John Peter Atgeld, governor of Illinois, sacrificed his political career when he pardoned three survivors of what labor event?
A. Homestead Strike.
B. Coeur d'Alene Strike.
C. Pullman Strike.

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D. Haymarket Square
E. Great Railroad Strike of 1877
13. The longtime leader of the American Federation of Labor was who among the following?
A. Henry George.
B. Samuel Gompers.
C. Terrance V. Powderly.
D. Eugene V. Debs.
E. John L. Lewis.
14. What event associated the Knights of Labor with extremists and led to the demise of the union?
A. Haymarket Square
B. Homestead Strike
C. Coeur d'Alene Strike
D. Pullman Strike
E. Great Railroad Strike of 1877
15. "Mother" Mary Harris Jones was a Knights of Labor organizer who specialized in the problems of which group of workers?
A. Coal miners.
B. Sharecroppers.
C. Steel workers.
D. Textile workers.
E. Lumberjacks.
16. The characteristics of the American Federation of Labor included all of the following EXCEPT?
A. Rather than being a union, it was a federation of unions.
B. Shunned social reforms and politics, he preferred to work with capitalism.
C. Encouraged member unions to seek women and black membership.
D. Chief weapons were the walkout and boycotts.
E. Focused upon organizing skilled craftsmen
17. All of the following statements concerning American cities after the Civil War are correct
EXCEPT?
A. The growth of U.S. cities was dependent upon the revolution then occurring in agriculture and the production of food.
B. By 1890 more than a dozen American cities could boast a population of one million or more.
C. Development of the city depended upon development of mass transportation.
D. Cities attracted rural residents with the promise of factory jobs and a more exciting life style.
E. The size of the American urban population was increasing more rapidly than the general national population by U.S. Census figures, 1800-1890
18. Characteristics of the American city included all of the following EXCEPT?
A. Department stores providing shopping for middle class and jobs for working class.
B. Electric trolleys for mass transportation.

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C. Industrial centers providing factory jobs.
D. New technology like skyscrapers, electricity, telephones, indoor plumbing.
E. Democratic diversity with neighborhoods ethnically, racially, and economically mixed.
19. All of the following were serious social problems that plagued cities after the Civil War
EXCEPT?
A. Crime.
B. Waste disposal.
C. Cultural wasteland.
D. Disease.
E. Poverty
20. Which of the following was more responsible for population increase in American cities after the Civil War than the other causes?
A. Natural birthrate of urban residents.
B. Influx of former slaves looking for industrial jobs.
C. Domestic migration from rural areas.
D. Civil War veterans settling in urban areas.
E. Southerners migration away from Reconstruction terror.
21. The basic living quarters occupied by most families residing in American cities between 1865-
1919 is best identified by which of the following?
A. Single family dwelling.
B. Suburban
C. Dumbbell Tenement
D. Skyscraper apartment developments
E. Semi-rural city farms.
22. The dividing point for immigration is generally taken as 1880. Those who came before 1800 are called the Old Immigration while those who followed that date are called the New Immigration.
Which of the following countries supplied immigration who were classified as part of the Old
Immigration?
A. Germany
B. Poland
C. Russia
D. Italy
E. Greece
23. The dividing point for immigration is generally taken as 1880. Those who came before 1800 are called the Old Immigration while those who followed that date are called the New Immigration.
Which of the following countries supplied immigration who were classified as part of the New
Immigration?
A. Britain
B. Norway

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C. Denmark
D. Sweden
E. Italy
24. The people of the New Immigration (post 1880s) came generally from which of the following regions?
A. Western Europe
B. Northern Europe
C. Africa
D. Asia
E. Eastern Europe
25. The immigrants of the New Immigration (Post-1880s) were seen as undesirable for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?
A. Worshipped in Orthodox Catholic churches or Jewish synagogues
B. Came with democratic ideas that pushed a liberal agenda that frightened Republican conservatives.
C. Were usually illiterate.
D. Impoverished, they clustered in cities in factory jobs rather than seeking farms in the interior of the nation.
E. Came from cultures so different that many Americans feared they would not assimilate easily.
26. Many immigrants were forced from their ancient homes by war, persecution, and economic disasters. In the 1880s Jewish immigrants were particularly impacted by persecution, especially under the authority of which of the following nations?
A. Britain
B. France
C. Germany
D. Russia
E. Italy
27. Many immigrants did not intend to remain in the United States. After building a "nest egg" of cash to purchase a farm or small business back in their native land, they would return home. These immigrants were called "Birds of Passage" and represented what percentage of the total number of immigrants?
A. Virtual none.
B. More than half of all immigrants.
C. About twenty-five percent.
D. Less than half, but more than a third.
E. Eighty percent.
28. Big city political machines like New York City's Tammany Hall welcomed the immigrants as a source of voting power. They earned the support of immigrants by providing important social services which city governments would not or could not supply. Among those services were all of the following
EXCEPT?
A. Housing for new arrivals.
B. Jobs on city payroll for men in the family.

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C. Social services through the "settlement house" system.
D. Gifts of food or clothing for the needy or at holidays.
E. Help locate schools or parks in immigrant neighborhoods.
29. One important group of concerned reformers who focused on the problems of the urban poor was led by Washington Gladden of the Congregationalist church in Columbus, Ohio. He preached that
Christianity demanded that the middle class help the poor. This movement was called:
A. Social Darwinism.
B. Nativism.
C. Populism.
D. Social Gospel.
E. Pragmatism.
30. Those who wanted to halt immigration and protect the nation from the "pollution" that immigrants might bring were part of which of the following groups?
A. Social Darwinism.
B. Nativism.
C. Populism.
D. Social Gospel.
E. Pragmatism.
31. Which of the following was an organization of the post Civil War period that was dedicated to stopping the influx of immigration?
A. Hull House.
B. American Protective Association.
C. National Consumer League.
D. Niagara Movement.
E. Peoples' Party or Populists
32. Closely associated with several reform movements, but especially Chicago's Hull House in poor immigrant neighborhoods was which of these individuals?
A. Harriet Beecher Stowe.
B. John P. Morgan.
C. Jane Addams.
D. Emily Dickson.
E. Washington Gladden.
33. The last great land rush for homesteaders occurred where?
A. Idaho.
B. Oklahoma.
C. California.
D. Iowa.
E. Montana.
34. The historian who seized upon the announcement of the Bureau of Census that the frontier no longer existed as of 1890 as an explanation of the development of American character and tradition was who among the following?

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A. Frederick Jackson Turner.
B. George Bancroft.
C. Robert Louis Stevenson.
D. John Wesley Powell.
E. William J. Fetterman.
35. Farm populations steadily decreased in the period after the 1870s for which of the following reasons.
A. Dropping productivity of the depleted lands on the Great Plains forced small family farmers into bankruptcy.
B. Aggressive cattlemen seized the lands of small family farmers for their grazing cattle.
C. Increasing mechanization of farming drove the small family farmer off his land and into urban industrial jobs.
D. The arrival of cotton production on the Great Plains brought plantations and large factory scale agriculture to displace small family farms.
E. Farm families failed to increase their population naturally as family size dropped each decade.
36. The wheat farmers of the Great Plains faced which of the following problems that threatened their very economic survival during the 1880s?
A. Crop blights that withered the wheat in the fields.
B. Overseas competition with farmers in Europe and South America.
C. Conspiracies on the part of the railroad executives and bankers to seize their land.
D. The worst drought in U.S. history matched by insect plagues and dust storms.
E. Immigrant populations pouring out onto the Great Plains establishing too many family farms.
37. All of the following problems faced farmers in the American West in the 1880s EXCEPT?
A. As farms fell to mortgage collectors, tenant farming was increasing rapidly.
B. A static supply of currency matched by increasing bumper crops meant the price farmers receive for their produce was dropping.
C. Overseas farm production forced down the world price for wheat and other crops.
D. Federal policies penalized the farmer with high export taxes on his wheat.
E. Manufactured goods consumed by farmers were artificially high priced because of high government tariff rates.
38. If the western farmer were to pick out a principal enemy that threatened their economic survival, which of the following would they choose?
A. Cattlemen.
B. Railroads.
C. Eastern industrial manufacturers.
D. Immigrants.
E. Mining corporations.
39. The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry, the Grange, was organized in 1867 by what individual?
A. Joseph F. Glidden.

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B. John Wesley Powell.
C. James B. Weaver.
D. Frederick Jackson Turner.
E. Oliver H. Kelley.
40. The "Granger Laws" overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court in the Walbash case (1886) were attempts at the state level to regulate what industry?
A. Banking.
B. Stock market.
C. Railroads and grain elevators.
D. Industrial manufacturing.
E. Steel industry.
41. The principal appeal of the Greenback Labor party to farmers was which of the following policies which it advocated?
A. Federal price controls for crops.
B. Currency reforms.
C. Lower tariff rates.
D. Legalization of strikes and labor unions.
E. Abolishing the Ku Klux Klan.
42. In the presidential election of 1880 the Greenback Labor party ran which of the following men as their candidate?
A. Joseph F. Glidden.
B. John Wesley Powell.
C. James B. Weaver.
D. Frederick Jackson Turner.
E. Oliver H. Kelley.
43. The Farmers' Alliance, founded in Texas in the late 1870s, weakened itself by which of the following means?
A. Ignored tenant farmers and excluded blacks.
B. Demanded government ownership to railroads, telegraphs, and telephones.
C. Openly promoted communist ideals.
D. Supported high tariff rates.
E. Advocated an end to immigration.
44. All of the following were leaders who represented the interests of the farmer or the Populist cause EXCEPT?
A. Mary E. Lease.
B. Oliver H. Kelley.
C. Ignatius Donnelly
D. Jacob S. Coxey.
E. William Harvey Hope.

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45. The leader of the "Commonweal Army" in its march on Washington D.C. to demand government funded jobs for the unemployed was who among the following?
A. Mary E. Lease.
B. Oliver H. Kelley.
C. Ignatius Donnelly.
D. Jacob S. Coxey.
E. William Harvey Hope.
46. The Pullman Strike of 1894 was assisted by the American Railway Union led by which of the following labor leaders?
A. William Jennings Bryan.
B. Eugene V. Debs.
C. John J. Pershing.
D. John Peter Altgeld.
E. Grover Cleveland.
47. Which labor union refused to join the Pullman workers in their strike against the Pullman
Palace Car Company in 1894 and thus earned a reputation for "respectability" while weakening the overall labor movement.
A. United Mine Workers
B. Congress of Industrial Workers.
C. American Federation of Labor.
D. National Labor Union.
E. American Railway Union.
48. All of the following individuals were considered conservative, pro-business politicians during the late 19th century EXCEPT?
A. John Peter Altgeld.
B. Richard Olney.
C. Grover Cleveland
D. William Jennings Bryan.
E. Marcus A. Hanna
49. All of the following factors pushed the United States and its people toward accepting the idea of overseas involvements EXCEPT?
A. Aggressive patriotism of the Yellow Press (Journalism).
B. Desire of missionaries to convert new souls to Christianity and the Anglo-Saxon way of life.
C. Darwinian concept of the world belonging to the strong and the fit.
D. Concern that overseas resources would be grabbed up by the old imperial powers.
E. Belief that the nation that had abolished slavery had proven itself worthy of ruling an empire.
50. Each of the following men supported the concept of American involvement in an overseas adventure. Which of these individuals wanted to do it to promote Christianity and the Anglo-Saxon way of life?

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A. William Randolph Hearst.
B. Josiah Strong.
C. Theodore Roosevelt.
D. Henry Cabot Lodge.
E. Alfred Thayer Mahan.
51. Each of the following men supported the concept of American involvement in an overseas adventure. Which of these individuals advocated that involved through his newspaper, The New York
Journal?
A. William Randolph Hearst.
B. Josiah Strong.
C. Theodore Roosevelt.
D. Henry Cabot Lodge.
E. Alfred Thayer Mahan.
52. Each of the following men supported the concept of American involvement in an overseas adventure. Which of these individuals argued that a great navy was required to guarantee success in overseas involvement and control of the seas was crucial to world domination.
A. William Randolph Hearst.
B. Josiah Strong.
C. Theodore Roosevelt.
D. Henry Cabot Lodge.
E. Alfred Thayer Mahan.
53. Which American Secretary of State promoted the idea of the "Big Sister," meaning that the U.S. would lead all Latin American nations in a great international agency called the Pan American
Conference (Congress).
A. Henry Cabot Lodge.
B. Richard Olney.
C. James G. Blaine.
D. John Hay.
E. William Jennings Bryan.
54. During the 1895-96 border dispute between Britain and Venezuela over where the line should be drawn between British Guiana and Venezuela, which American Secretary of State informed the
British that they were in violation of the Monroe Doctrine and must submit their dispute to international arbitration?
A. Henry Cabot Lodge.
B. Richard Olney.
C. James G. Blaine.
D. John Hay.
E. William Jennings Bryan.
55. The United States faced the possibility of war in each of the following situations during the
1880s and 1890s. In each case the crisis was resolved without conflict. Which of the following was
NOT one of those crisis situations?

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A. Samoan Islands, 1889 between U.S. and Germany.
B. New Orleans, lynching of Italian citizens, 1891.
C. Hawaii, conflict European powers over sovereign rights to islands, 1881.
D. Chile, murder of two U.S. sailors, 1892.
E. Venezuela, border dispute between Venezuela and Britain, 1895.
56. In the Venezuelan Crisis of 1895-96 Britain decided to submit the issue to arbitration and not risk war with the U.S. for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?
A. U.S. navy had recently become an easy match for the power of the British navy.
B. Germany had become a much more serious threat to the British power.
C. France and Russia had recently become unfriendly toward Britain.
D. Canada was open to U.S. invasion in the event of war.
E. The British merchant fleet would be vulnerable to American commerce raiders in the event of war.
57. The economy of Hawaii was based upon sugar production by white planters who exported their crop to the United States. The profitability of their activities was brought to an end by which of the following events?
A. 1875 Treaty of Commercial Reciprocity between U.S. and Hawaii.
B. Panic of 1891.
C. Spanish American War of 1898.
D. McKinley Tariff of 1890.
E. International sugar glut of 1889.
58. The illegitimate revolt by white planters that overthrew Queen Liliuokalani in 1893 was assisted by U.S. troops improperly used by an American minister in Hawaii. The new government offered itself as an American territory but was turned down by which American president?
A. Benjamin Harrison.
B. Grover Cleveland.
C. Rutherford B. Hayes.
D. William McKinley.
E. Theodore Roosevelt.
59. Which of the following influences pushed the American people toward war with Spain over
Cuba with deceit and false information?
A. Administration of General "Butcher" Weyler.
B. William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal.
C. Letters of the Spanish Ambassador in Washington, Dupuy de Lome.
D. American Naval Commission report on the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine.
E. Spanish Commission report on the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine.
60. The 1898 Teller Amendment which Congress attached to the legislation it passed urging
McKinley to intervene in Cuba promised what?
A. Cuba would be admitted to the American union on an equality with the other states.

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B. Spanish rule could return to Cuba if in a general election the Cuban people indicated that was their desire.
C. Cuba would be given its independence once Spain had been expelled.
D. An international commission would govern Cuba until its fate could be decided.
E. Cuba would become and American territory with its future to be decided by Congress.
61. The American naval commander who destroyed the Spanish fleet at Manila in the Philippines was which of the following?
A. Richard Olney.
B. Alfred Thayer Mahan.
C. George Dewey.
D. William R. Shafter.
E. Nelson A. Miles.
62. The American military commander in charge of the invasion of Cuba and the attack on the city of Santiago was which of the following?
A. Richard Olney.
B. Alfred Thayer Mahan.
C. George Dewey.
D. William R. Shafter.
E. Nelson A. Miles.
63. The American military commander ordered to seize Puerto Rico before the Spanish could sue for peace was which of the following?
A. Richard Olney.
B. Alfred Thayer Mahan.
C. George Dewey.
D. William R. Shafter.
E. Nelson A. Miles.
64. The Anti-Imperialist League, opposed to the policy of acquiring overseas American possessions, included all of the following as members EXCEPT?
A. Mark Twain.
B. John P. Morgan.
C. Samuel Gompers.
D. Andrew Carnegie.
E. William James.
65. In 1901 the United States was involved putting down in a vicious insurrection in what territory? The problem was that the resident people wanted independence, not U.S. rule.
A. Cuba.
B. Puerto Rico.
C. Hawaii.
D. Philippines.
E. Guam.

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66. William McKinley appointed this individual as the head of a commission to make appropriate recommendations for governing the Philippine Islands. Who was he?
A. Theodore Roosevelt.
B. John Hay.
C. William H. Taft.
D. Mark Hanna.
E. William Jennings Bryan.
67. Which of the following was NOT a factor in shaping Gilded Age politics?:
A. politics was seen more as a way to get office rather than a way to press certain issues.
B. business remained separate from politics.
C. in national politics, neither party could keep both a majority in Congress and a president in the
White House.
D. none of the presidents in this period could be described as a strong leader.
68. The purpose of the Pendleton Act of 1883 was to?:
A. fill some government jobs on the basis of competitive exams.
B. establish the first racial quotas for government jobs.
C. ensure that appointments to government jobs were approved by Congress.
D. declare illegal the system of city political machines and boss rule.
69. Scholars considered the 1896 election "critical" because?:
A. it showed that the American people will reject radicalism.
B. it brought progressive politicians into power.
C. it discredited the free silver crusade.
D. it initiated a realignment in the power of the two main political parties.
70. What reason was given by President Cleveland for intervening with federal troops in the Pullman
Strike of 1894?:
A. the Governor of Illinois requested the troops.
B. the strike endangered the national health and safety.
C. the strike interfered with the United States' mails and interstate commerce.
D. federal property was being destroyed.
E. the strike endangered the national defense.
71. In its decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court held that?:
A. separate facilities for different races were inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional.
B. no black slave could be a citizen of the United States.
C. Affirmative Action programs were acceptable only when it could be proven that specific previous cases of discrimination had occurred within the institution or business in question.
D. imposition of a literacy test imposed an unconstitutional barrier to the right to vote.
E. separate but equal facilities for different races were constitutional.
72. Which person would most likely have been inclined to vote for William McKinley in 1896?:

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A. an owner of a silver mine.
B. the president of a bank in Indiana.
C. a member of the Knights of Labor.
D. an Illinois farmer with a $5,000 mortgage on his farm.
E. a person who favored vigorous enforcement of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
73. If the gold delegates dare to defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the
uppermost. Bryan's famous "Cross of Gold" speech called for?:
A. the unlimited coinage of silver.
B. lower tariffs.
C. a revival of greenback paper currency.
D. renewed religious commitment for all Americans.
E. federal and social welfare programs to deal with the Panic of 1893.
74. Politicians of the Gilded Age used the spoils system to?:
A. dispense government jobs for political purposes.
B. elect all federal government officials.
C. fill government jobs based on merit rather than patronage.
D. remove incompetent politicians from office.
75. Stalwarts, Half-Breeds, and Mugwumps were?:
A. names for Democratic Party reformers.
B. Native American political groups of the late 19c.
C. factions of the Republican party that fought over issues like civil service reform.
D. independent political parties.
76. From 1876-1897, political control of the national government in the United States?:
A. was dominated by the Republican Party.
B. reflected the general influence of the Socialist Party.
C. was dominated by the Democratic Party.
D. reflected a stalemate between the two major parties.
77. The Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?:
A. created strong governmental machinery for dealing with corrupt business practices.
B. both outlawed rebates.
C. created price controls for industry.
D. proved to be ineffective in the regulation of business abuses.
78. Which of the following groups would have been most likely to support Tammany Hall?:
A. industrial and business leaders.
B. organized religion.
C. poor urban immigrants.
D. middle-class shopowners.
E. wealthy rural landowners.

16 C
17 B
18 E
19 C
20 C
21 C
22 A
23 E
24 E
25 B
26 D
27 C
1. A
2 B
3 E
4 B
5 C
6 B
7 C
8 B
9 C
10 C
11 C
12 D
13 B
14 A
15 A
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79. Jane Addams is most closely associated with which of the following?:
A. temperance reform.
B. higher education for women.
C. women's suffrage.
D. Protestant missions.
E. the settlement house movement.
80. After 1890, increased immigration began to present a national problem because?:
A. unskilled laborers tended to concentrate in crowded urban slums.
B. contract laborers enabled employers to combat strikes effectively.
C. the American educational system could not absorb the numbers of immigrant children.
D. unskilled laborers could not become members of labor unions.
E. skilled laborers were essential to industry.
44 D
45 D
46 B
47 C
48 D
49. E
50 B
51 A
52 E
53 C
54 B
55 B
28 C
29 D
30 B
31 B
32 C
33. B
34 A
35 C
36 B
37 D
38 B
39 E
40 C
41 B
42 C
43 A
56 A
57 D
58 B
59 B
60 C
61 C
62 D
63 E
64 B
65 D
66 C
67 B
68 A
69 D
70 C
71 E
72 B
73 A
74 A
75 C
76 A
77 D
78 C
79 E
80 A