Allison Larsen
Mrs. Dziadek
Engl 1302.204
10/8/2015
Annotated Bibliography
Corkeron, Peter. "Captivity." Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. 2nd ed. 2009.Science Direct.
Web. 10 Oct. 2015.
This article critically analyzes nearly every aspect of animal captivity, including
impact, breeding, research, health, negatives, etc. The article fairly balances the negatives
and benefits of holding marine animals in captivity, and offers a neutral scientific
perspective on the matter, allowing the reader to choose for himself whether to support
the topic. I can use this unbiased source as a means of analyzing the scientific benefits of
holding animals in captivity, as well as describing the negatives as well in terms of
history and health. I found this article on the Texas A&M University- Corpus Christi
Mary and Jeff Bell Library Database, under Science Direct, after searching “SeaWorld
benefits of captive animals”. The significance of this article within my research
evaluation is that it provides a neutral point of view in regards to marine mammal
captivity, which can be viewed as either a positive or negative subject in society.
Frankham, Richard. "Genetic Adaptation to Captivity in Species Conservation
Programs." Molecular Ecology 17.1 (2008): 325-33. Biological Sciences. Web.
12 Oct. 2015.
This entry explains the necessity of some exotic species to be held in captivity, as
a means of their preservation, especially when their natural environments are unequipped
to help them prosper. This article also explains how the genetic adaptations that occur
during captivity can prove to be destructive when the species in reintroduced to the wild.
Thus, the journal further explains proper implements that need to be instituted within the
animal care facilities, helping them save the species, and allowing for the upmost
productivity when they are released. I plan on using this article as a means of
encountering the critics who oppose animal captivity institutions, by posing potential
changes that could help the species upon their return to the wild, in addition to the help
they are already receiving in captivity. This article was found on the Biological Sciences
database, after I searched for “conservation animals in captivity”.
Gross, Michael. "Can Zoos Offer More than Entertainment?" Current Biology 25.10 (2015): 1-4.
Science Direct. Web. 8 Oct. 2015.
This article strives to explain and defend zoos and aquariums against the animal
rights activist’s claims that accuse such animal facilities of being simple forms of human
entertainment. The entry initially begins by discussing the statistical truth that disaffirms
basic allegations that zoos and aquariums fail to offer the educational value they claim to
provide. Furthermore, it continues to discuss the benefits of conservation and research
amongst captive and wild animals (breeding behaviors, climate affects, etc.) and even
discusses the preservation of exotic species near extinction. Using the statistical evidence
that is provided within this work, I can implement this source within my research piece in
support of my stance that is defending animal holding facilities. This article was
discovered within the Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Mary and Jeff Bell Library
database, in the Biology classification, under the Science Direct database having searched
for zoos and aquariums.
Gusset, Markus, John E. Fa, and William J. Sutherland. "A Horizon Scan for Species
Conservation by Zoos and Aquariums." Zoo Biology 33.5 (2014): 375-80. Aquatic
Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
This article takes a very fair stance on its views of animals in captivity in zoos and
aquariums. While it discusses the benefits and importance of the conservation efforts, it
also questions and challenges practical issues that could be fixed in order to strengthen
these facilities. I can use this article as a means of discussing the profits of such
organizations, while also underlining areas of improvement, thus accommodating to the
supporters and the critics, who stress that improvements need to be made. I found this
article on the Texas A&M University- Corpus Christi Mary and Jeff Bell Library website,
under the Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts, having searched for “zoos and
aquariums”.
Gusset, Markus, and Gerald Dick. "The Global Reach of Zoos and Aquariums in Visitor
Numbers and Conservation Expenditures." Zoo Biology 30.5 (2011): 566-69. Aquatic
Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. Web. 10 Oct. 2015.
This article, while claiming that zoos and aquariums have the power within
themselves to spark conservation reformations, challenges the direct effects of their
conservation efforts on visitor behavior, claiming most visitors do not take any action as
a result of the conservation witness they encounter. This article is not biased, as it
challenges itself against statistical evidence on aquarium and zoo visitors’ actions to
preserve conservation. I found this article on the Texas A&M University- Corpus Christi
Mary and Jeff Bell Library database, under “Marine Biology”, within ASFA Aquatic
Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts, having searched for “conservation in zoos and
aquariums”. Because this article critically analyzes how the effects of zoos and
aquariums influence their visitors, I can use the evidence shown as a means of answering
my evaluative statement of the benefits of animals in captivity on society.
Keulartz, Jozef. "Captivity for Conservation? Zoos at a Crossroads." Journal of Agricultural and
Environmental Ethics 28.2 (April 2015): 335-51.Web of Science. Web. 8 Oct. 2015.
This article reflects the conflict between animal rights activists who strive to free
animals into their natural environments, against the necessary relocations and
conservation efforts that are driven to spare species against deforestation and extinction.
This article takes both perspectives and analyzes the placement of ethics and morals in
comparison to the treatment and well-being of the animals. This source was found on the
Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Mary and Jeff Bell Library database, under the
Marine Biology classification, and within the Web of Science database after typing in
“conservation in zoos and aquariums”. I can use the unbiased multisided perspective
portrayed in this article as a means of showcasing the benefits of efforts made by zoos
and aquariums to spare and save the animal species.
Mascarelli, Amanda. "Ecology: Conservation in Captivity." Nature (2013): 261-63. Nature.
Web. 8 Oct. 2015.
This journal entry takes an unexpected turn in the analyzation of zoos, in that it
steers the focus into the idea that zoos are transforming from being simple facilities that
preach conservation, into becoming proactive organizations emphasizing research and
wildlife conservation. What I find interesting in this article is that is strays from the
norms that embody the reputation of zoos, and suggests an impending revolutionary
change that is changing the substance and core of animal holding facilities. This source is
unbiased and authentic, given that it is written from the experience of Dr. Barbara
Durrant, a reproductive researcher. This article was found in the Texas A&M UniversityCorpus Christi database, within the Marine Biology classification, under the nature
database, having searched “zoos and aquariums”. I intend to use this entry as a means of
confronting animal rights activists with evidence that supports the notion that these zoo
employees have centered their work to research ways to improve the lives and stability of
wildlife populations.
Moss, Andrew, Eric Jensen, and Markus Gusset. "Evaluating the Contribution of Zoos and
Aquariums to Aichi Biodiversity Target 1." Conservation Biology 29.2 (2015): 537-44.
ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
This article examines the results of the largest and most international study of
zoos and aquariums ever conducted, a survey analyzing the knowledge of biodiversity
and methods of protecting it, amongst visitors of zoos and aquariums worldwide. The
results found to provide an overwhelming percentage of positive reviews from guests.
This article was found on the ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts, after
searching for “zoos and aquariums”. I can use this article as additional statistical evidence
that proves my stance on the positive aspects of animals in captivity.
Robeck, Todd R., Justine K. O'Brien, and Daniel K. Odell. "Captive Breeding." Encyclopedia of
Marine Mammals. Second ed. 2009. Science Direct. Web. 8 Oct. 2015.
This encyclopedia chapter discusses the history, benefits, potential problems, and
other information regarding the science of captive breeding, specifically in marine
mammals. By sustaining and expanding the captive population, a prosperous program
provides the direct resources for scientists to study the animals’ reproductive behavior,
physiology, development, birth, and growth patterns that would otherwise be nearly
impossible or difficult to observe. The article also emphasizes the possibilities for many
endangered animal species to be saved and genetically strengthened through captive
breeding. This chapter, which lists both the pros and cons of confined animal
reproduction, is an unbiased source, found through the Texas A&M University-Corpus
Christi Mary and Jeff Bell Library Database, in the Biology classification, under the
Science Direct database, under the search “SeaWorld”. This article is valuable to my
research because it supports and lists statistical and historical evidence on the direct
benefits of maintaining animals in captivity and enlarging their breeding programs. I can
use this source as confirmation in my argument that animal holding facilities support
fundamental programs that ensure the safety and stability of numerous animal species for
generations to come.
Turner, Ted, Todd Feucht, and Tyler Turner. "Training and Behavior Management."
Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Second ed. N.d. Science Direct. Web. 10 Oct. 2015.
This encyclopedia chapter focuses mainly on the different aspects of training that
are exercised in facilities that contain captive animals. This article explains how training
is used, not only as an entertainment value for the public eye, but for the mental health
and stimulation of the animals, as well as for their medical and physical benefit. This
article is unbiased as it explains the psychological science behind animal training and
conditioning. I found this article through the Texas A&M University- Corpus Christi
database, under Marine Biology, under Science Direct, after searching “SeaWorld
benefits of captive animals”. In my defense against critics who condemn the usage of
animals for entertainment, I can use this article to explain my stance, describing how
animal training and showing is also an asset necessary to the animal’s mental and
physical welfare.