Article Title: Trophic models and short-term simulations for the coral reefs of Cayos Cochinos and Media
Luna (Honduras): a comparative network analysis, ecosystem development, resilience and fishery
Journal name: Hydrobiologia
Author names: Ignacio Cáceres, Marco Ortiz, Amílcar L. Cupul-Magaña, Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza*
*Corresponding author: e-mail address: rzf39259@cucba.udg.mx (F.A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza). Laboratorio de
Ecosistemas Marinos y Acuicultura (LEMA), Departamento de Ecología, CUCBA, Universidad de
Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Nogales, Km. 15.5 Las Agujas de Nextipac, Zapopan 45110, Jalisco,
Mexico. e-mail address: rzf39259@cucba.udg.mx.
Appendix A
Table A1. Fish functional groups and their species included each ones.
Fish functional groups
Species
Piscivorous fish
Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey, 1860)
Mycteroperca tigris (Valenciennes, 1833)
Mycteroperca venenosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill, 1815)
Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771)
Groupers
Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765)
Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes, 1828)
Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792)
Snappers
Lutjanus analis (Cuvier, 1828)
Lutjanus apodus (Walbaum, 1792)
Lutjanus buccanella (Cuvier, 1828)
Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lutjanus jocu (Bloch y Schneider, 1801)
Lutjanus mahogoni (Cuvier, 1828)
Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch, 1791)
Benthic-pelagic carnivorous fish
Aulostomus maculatus Valenciennes, 1841
Cepalopholis cruentata (Lacepède, 1802)
Cephalopolis fulva (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788)
Hypoplectrus aberrans Poey, 1868
Hypoplectrus gemma Goode & Bean, 1882
Hypoplectrus guttavarius (Poey, 1852)
Hypoplectrus indigo (Poey, 1851)
Hypoplectrus puella (Cuvier 1828)
Table A1 (Continue). Fish functional groups and their species included each ones.
Fish functional groups
Species
Odontoscion dentex (Cuvier 1830)
Rypticus saponaceus (Bloch y Schneider 1801)
Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier, 1816)
Mackerel
Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier 1833)
Caranx latus Agassiz 1831
Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793)
Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus 1758)
Benthic carnivorous fish
Acanthostracion polygonia Poey, 1876
Amblycirrhitus pinos (Mowbray, 1927)
Anisotremus surinamensis (Bloch 1791)
Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758)
Apogon maculatus (Poey 1860)
Balistes vetula Linnaeus 1758
Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus 1758)
Calamus calamus (Valenciennes 1830)
Cantherhines pullus (Ranzani 1842)
Canthidermis sufflamen (Mitchill, 1815)
Canthigaster rostrata (Bloch 1786)
Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet 1782)
Chaetodon capistratus Linnaeus 1758
Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch 1787
Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus 1758
Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758
Equetus punctatus (Bloch y Schneider 1801)
Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier 1830
Haemulon bonariense Cuvier, 1830
Haemulon carbonarium Poey 1860
Haemulon chrysargyreum Günther 1859
Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest 1823)
Haemulon macrostomum Günther 1859
Haemulon melanurum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Haemulon parra (Desmarest, 1823)
Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède 1801)
Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803)
Haemulon striatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Halichoeres bivittatus (Bloch 1791)
Halichoeres cyanocephalus (Bloch 1791)
Table A1 (Continue). Fish functional groups and their species included each ones.
Fish functional groups
Species
Halichoeres garnoti (Valenciennes 1839)
Halichoeres maculipinna (Müller y Troschel 1848)
Halichoeres pictus (Poey, 1860)
Halichoeres poeyi (Steindachner 1867)
Halichoeres radiates (Linnaeus 1758)
Holacanthus ciliaris (Linnaeus 1758)
Holacanthus tricolor (Bloch 1795)
Holocentrus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765)
Holocentrus rufus (Walbaum 1792)
Hypoplectrus nigricans (Poey 1852)
Hypoplectrus unicolor (Walbaum 1792)
Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum 1792)
Lactophrys bicaudalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mulloidichthys martinicus (Cuvier 1829)
Mycteroperca phenax Jordan y Swain 1884
Pomacanthus arcuatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pomacanthus paru (Bloch 1787)
Prognathodes aculeatus (Poey, 1860)
Pseudupeneus maculatus (Bloch 1793)
Rhinesomus triqueter (Linnaeus 1758)
Serranus tabacarius (Cuvier, 1829)
Serranus tigrinus (Bloch 1790)
Sphoeroides spengleri (Bloch 1785)
Thalassoma bifasciatum (Bloch 1791)
Omnivorous fish
Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus 1758)
Stegastes adustus (Troschel 1865)
Stegastes leucostictus (Müller y Troschel 1848)
Stegastes planifrons (Cuvier 1830)
Stegastes variabilis (Castelnau 1855)
Zooplanktivorous fish
Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758
Chromis cyanea (Poey 1860)
Chromis insolata (Cuvier 1830)
Chromis multilineata (Guichenot 1853)
Clepticus parrae (Bloch y Schneider 1801)
Gramma loreto Poey, 1868
Gramma melacara Böhlke & Randall, 1963
Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacepède 1801)
Myripristis jacobus Cuvier 1829
Table A1 (Continue). Fish functional groups and their species included each ones.
Fish functional groups
Species
Serranus tortugarum Longley, 1935
Synodus saurus (Linnaeus 1758)
Herbivorous fish
Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau, 1855
Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch 1787)
Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch y Schneider 1801
Coryphopterus glaucofraenum Gill 1863
Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus 1758)
Melichthys niger (Bloch, 1786)
Microspathodon chrysurus (Cuvier 1830)
Monacanthus ciliates (Mitchill, 1818)
Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836
Ophioblennius atlanticus (Valenciennes, 1836)
Stegastes diencaeus (Jordan & Rutter, 1897)
Stegastes partitus (Poey 1868)
Parrotfish
Nicholsina usta usta (Valenciennes 1840)
Scarus coelestinus Valenciennes 1840
Scarus coeruleus (Edwards, 1771)
Scarus guacamaia Cuvier 1829
Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789)
Scarus taeniopterus Desmarest 1831
Scarus trispinosus Valenciennes, 1840
Scarus vetula Bloch y Schneider 1801
Sparisoma aurofrenatum (Valenciennes 1840)
Sparisoma chrysopterum (Bloch y Schneider 1801)
Sparisoma rubripinne (Valenciennes 1840)
Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre 1788)
Sparisoma atomarium (Poey, 1861)
Table A3. Data sources used to build the Ecopath models. Small cap letters correspond to literature source.
Compartments
Species / Functional groups
Piscivorous fish
B C
a u
Groupers
a
Snappers
Benthic-pelagic carnivorous
fish
Mackerel
Benthic carnivorous fish
Big benthic carnivores
Omnivorous fish
Zooplanktivorous fish
Panulirus argus
Stony corals
Soft corals
Medium benthic omnivores
Benthic filters feeders
Benthic detritivores
Small benthic omnivores
Herbivorous fish
Parrotfish
Zooplankton
Benthic autotrophs
Phytoplankton
Detritus
P/B
i
Parameters
Q/B
e,q
Diet
d,q
i
e
q,t
a u
e,i
e,q
q
a -
e,i,q
e,i,q
j,o,q
a u
e,i
Literature source
l,q
d,g,h,l,p,q,s,t,
a u e,i,k,q e,i,k,q
v
q q
q
q
a i
i,e,q
i,q,t
a i,q
e,i,q
t,w,x
a a
q
q
q
a q
q
q
a q
q
q
q - b,e,q b,e,q
q
b,c,e, b,c,e,
q q
q
q
q q
q
q
q b,q
b,q
q
a - e,i,q
e,i,q
m,q,r
a i
i,q
f,q
q q
q
q
a q
q q,n
-
a
Field estimations for current work
b
Alva-Basurto y Arias-Gonzales
(2014)
c
Alvarez-Hernandez (2003)
d
e
e,i
Bowman et al. (2000)
Bustos-Montes (2012)
f
Cervigon (1994)
g
Claro (1987)
Estrada (1986)
i
FishBase, Froese and Pauly (2013)
j
Fisher (1980)
k
Garcia & Duarte (2002)
l
Gómez-Canchong et al. (2004)
m
Hixon y Beets (1993)
h
n
o
Liu et al. (2009)
Myrberg & Thresher (1974)
p
Ogden et al. (1975)
q
Opitz (1996)
r
Pettengill et al. (1997)
s
Pitts PA (1991)
t
Randall (1967)
u
Sibaja-Cordero (2009)
v
Sierra et al. (1994)
w
Soares et al. (2003)
x
Sandin et al. (2008)
Table A4. Prey-predator and plant-grazer matrix (percentage of wet biomass in stomach of predators) for Cayos Cochinos ecosystem used for the Ecopath
software.
Prey \ predator
1
2
3
4
5
(1 ) Piscivorous fish
0.006
(2) Groupers
0.006
(3) Snappers
0.012
0.031
(4) Benthic-pelagic carnivorous fish
0.084
0.035
0.031
0.008
(5) Mackerel
0.036
(6) Benthic carnivorous fish
0.321
0.122
0.119
0.069
0.177
(7) Big benthic carnivores
0.031
0.143
0.116
0.061
0.035
(8) Omnivorous fish
0.029
(9) Zooplanktivorous fish
0.063
(10 Panulirus argus
6
7
0.011
0.064
8
11
12
13
0.064
0.043
0.011
0.036
0.101
0.011
16
17
18
19
0.001
(12) Soft corals
0.001
0.004
0.601
0.647
0.094
0.075
0.009
0.001
0.100
0.098
0.280
0.534
(14) Benthic filters feeders
0.007
0.005
0.012
0.224
0.101
0.426
(15) Benthic detritivores
0.002
0.086
0.046
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.020
0.008
0.002
0.009
0.073
0.016
0.311
0.011
0.020
0.145
(16) Small benthic omnivores
(17) Herbivorous fish
0.245
0.033
0.006
0.056
0.353
(18) Parrotfish
0.159
0.059
0.052
0.007
0.324
(19) Zooplankton
0.004
0.247
0.136
0.038
0.001
0.300
0.075
0.031
0.400
0.100
0.017
0.998
0.450
0.500
0.300
(21) Phytoplakcton
0.011
0.137
0.004
0.005
0.468
(22) Detritus
15
0.010
0.002
(20) Benthic autotrophs
14
0.006
0.002
0.005
10
0.001
(11) Stony corals
(13) Medium benthic omnivores
9
0.009
0.450
0.500
0.036
0.303
0.249
0.163
0.079
0.565
0.009
0.249
0.713
0.630
0.018
0.249
0.087
0.439
0.001
0.999
0.700
0.502
0.125
0.240
0.300
Table A5. Prey-predator and plant-grazer matrix (percentage of wet biomass in stomach of predators) for Media Luna ecosystem used for the Ecopath software.
Prey \ predator
1
2
3
4
5
6
0.010
0.064
0.024
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
0.011
0.002
18
(1)Piscivorous fish
(2) Snappers
0.176
(3) Benthic-pelagic carnivorous fish
0.013
(4) Benthic carnivorous fish
0.365
0.068
0.011
(5) Big benthic carnivores
0.086
0.109
0.083
(6) Mackerel
0.160
(7) Panulirus argus
0.006
0.167
0.001
(8) Zooplanktivorous fish
(9) Omnivorous fish
0.013
(10) Stony corals
0.005
0.002
(11) Soft corals
0.002
0.004
0.443
0.647
0.378
0.101
0.032
0.002
0.015
0.008
(12) Medium benthic omnivores
0.231
(13) Benthic filters feeders
0.006
(14) Benthic detritivores
0.818
0.022
(15) Small benthic omnivores
(16) Herbivorous fish
0.100
0.098
0.005
0.114
0.300
0.028
0.400
0.010
0.111
0.152
0.075
0.018
0.003
0.164
0.100
0.001
0.003
0.004
0.002
0.005
0.009
0.150
0.101
(18) Zooplankton
0.063
0.305
0.001
0.001
0.231
0.053
0.084
0.016
0.031
0.020
0.542
0.666
0.300
0.153
0.450
0.500
0.324
(20) Phytoplakcton
(21) Detritus
0.001
0.080
(17) Parrotfish
(19) Benthic autotrophs
0.086
0.137
0.195
0.113
0.450
0.500
0.036
0.321
0.249
0.125
0.003
0.565
0.009
0.249
0.625
0.828
0.018
0.263
0.087
0.407
0.991
0.700
0.502
0.250
0.139
0.300
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