US History_1920’s_Harlem Renaissance
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Bessie Smith
Zora Neale Hurston
Cab Calloway
Marcus Garvey
Claude McKay
Langston Hughes
Duke Ellington
Ethel Waters
Paul Robeson
Louis Armstrong
General Resources
General Resources for Harlem Renaissance
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Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History (ABC-CLIO eBook; login required)
"African American Literature: The Harlem Renaissance."UXL Multicultural. Online Detroit: UXL, 2003. Discovering
Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
3. "Artists in the Harlem Renaissance."DISCovering Multicultural America. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale.
(LAPL login required)
4. "Ennobled by Jazz: Ralph Ellison and the Music of American Possibility."Student Resource Center. Detroit: Thomson
Gale, 2007. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
5. "Harlem Renaissance, 1925-1935."DISCovering U.S. History. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login
required)
6. About Harlem Renaissance Women - Women's History - Links to biographical material on women who were part of the
movement, from the About.com Guide to Women's History.
7. African American Experience : Over 400 references, scholarly works, primary documents and papers, photographs, audio clips,
maps and over 4,000 slave narratives explore their history and contemporary culture in the United States. (LAPL login required)
8. African American Women Dreaming in Color - About the role of women in the movement.
9. All That Jazz - The history of jazz starting from the late 1800's. (ODP summary)
10. America's Jazz Heritage - A partnership between the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund and the Smithsonian Institution. (ODP
summary)
11. Archives of African American Music and Culture: This is an excellent online resource from Indiana University, this web site
represents some of the materials in the repository representing African-American music and culture. (IPL2 summary)
US History_1920’s_Harlem Renaissance
12. Basinstreet.com - Dedicated to the preservation of early jazz history. (ODP summary)
13. Center for Black Music Research: This web site from the Center for Black Music Research contains resources and a wealth of
information about Black music around the world. (IPL2 summary)
14. Chicago Jazz Archive - Significant collection founded in 1976 at the University of Chicago including early recordings, sheet music,
photos and piano rolls, much of which is accessible online. (ODP summary)
15. Great Day in Harlem - Click on Art Kane's August 1958 photograph of 57 jazz musicians for names of those pictured, or browse
by timeline, instrument, or style. Link to the Jean Bach documentary of the shoot, online sales of the photo originally published
in Esquire magazine. (ODP summary)
16. Harlem Renaissance, 1919-1937 - A research guide and reference, with background, list of individuals (many with links to further
information), timeline, assessment of the importance of the movement.
17. Heptune: Lorenz-Pulte Jazz Page - Fan site profiling Cab Calloway, Blanche Calloway, Louis Armstrong, Don Redman, Fats
Waller, Frankie "Half-Pint" Jaxon, and Lil Johnson. (ODP summary)
18. Jazz Connections - Your Interactive Guide to 50 Greats - Fascinating facts on who played with whom, when, where and why.
(ODP summary)
19. Jazz Connections - Your Interactive Guide to 50 Greats - Fascinating facts on who played with whom, when, where and why.
(ODP summary)
20. Jazz Roots - Tom Morgan offers lavishly illustrated profiles of early 20th century performers along with links to books, a timeline
from 1800 to 1930, and images of early sheet music including a year-by-year collection of Cotton Club Parades. (ODP summary)
21. Jazz Roots - Tom Morgan offers lavishly illustrated profiles of early 20th century performers along with links to books, a timeline
from 1800 to 1930, and images of early sheet music including a year-by-year collection of Cotton Club Parades. (ODP summary)
22. JazzStandards.com - Documentation on the jazz standards including their origins, histories, musical analyses, song-writer and
performer biographies, book reviews, and CD recommendations. (ODP summary)
23. PBS: Jazz Biographies: This web site from PBS, the Public Broadcasting Service, contains almost 100 African-American
biographies mainly on jazz from the New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. (IPL2 summary)
24. Poets of the Harlem Renaissance and After - Offers a brief guide.
25. Red Hot Jazz Archive - A history of jazz before 1930 offering RealAudio files, biographies, discographies, and filmography. (ODP
summary)
26. Rhapsodies in Black - Introduction to the period of the flowering of the arts in the black community in Harlem. Included are
backgrounds for artists, a bibliography, and a chronology.
27. Smithsonian Jazz - The National Museum of American History offers audio, video and text; oral histories, artists, videos, portraits
and concert program notes. (ODP summary)
28. The Creative Americans: Portraits by Carl Van Vechten, 1932 - 1964 - Collection contains 1,400 Portraits of literary figures,
artists, and celebrities, many of them figures from the movement. Very good for finding quality images of specific artists of the
Harlem Renaissance
29. The Harlem Renaissance - A collection of art, poetry, and prose. Includes a link to subscribe to an email discussion list.
30. The History of Jazz Music - The history of jazz from the beginning to the present day. (ODP summary)
31. The Jazz Archive - Jazz archive, photos, and vintage records are displayed. A historic jazz calendar is included. (ODP summary)
32. The Los Angeles Jazz Institute - Houses and maintains one of the largest jazz archives in the world. All styles and eras are
represented with special emphasis on preservation and documentation of jazz in southern California. (ODP summary)
Bessie Smith
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"Bessie Smith Records "Downhearted Blues", February 15, 1923."DISCovering U.S.
History. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
"Smith, Bessie (1894-1937)."Encyclopedia of World Biography. Suzanne M. Bourgoin. 2nd Detroit: Gale
Research, 1998. 17 vols. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
Bessie Smith at Blues Online: short biography, photographs, discography,
Bessie Smith Links Page - Includes a collection of links to poems, photographs, sounds samples and articles. (ODP summary)
Bessie Smith on YouTube:
Bessie Smith: Lyrics and Sound Clips - Large collection of lyrics of many of her songs, sound clips, biography, recommended
listening, reading and viewing. (ODP summary)
Listen to Bessie Smith at Jazz Old Time On Line
Listen to Bessie Smith at The Red Hot Jazz Archive
US History_1920’s_Harlem Renaissance
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Trail of the Hellhound: Delta Blues in the Lower Mississippi Valley This site "provides an overview of two distinct styles of blues
[Delta and Memphis Blues] practiced in the Lower Mississippi Valley, extensive biographies of the region's greatest blues
musicians [including Robert Johnson, Bessie Smith, and Skip ... (IPL2 summary)
10. Watch Bessie Smith in St. Louis Blues at The Red Hot Jazz Archive
Zora Neale Hurston
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"Historical Context: Their Eyes Were Watching God."EXPLORING Novels. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL
login required)
"Hurston, Zora Neale (1891-1960)."UXL Biographies. Online Detroit: UXL, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login
required)
"Hurston, Zora Neale (1903-1960)."DISCovering World History. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL
login required)
"Reclaiming a Legacy: The Dialectic of Race, Class, and Gender in Jessie Fauset, Zora Neale Hurston, and Dorothy West."Student
Resource Center. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
"Review of Women of the Harlem Renaissance."Student Resource Center. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL
login required)
African American Writers: A Dictionary (an ABC-CLIO eBook; login required)
An introduction to Zora Neale Hurston from Voices From the Gaps, Women Writers of Color, a web project at the U of
Minnesota. (Literary History summary)
Daley, Christine. A Rocky Road to Posterity: The Publication of Zora Neale Hurston A reception study of Zora Neale Hurston.
"Hurston, a controversial figure in her own time, has proved to be a touchstone of modern reception of both African-American
literature and unconventional writing by women." Graduate student paper, September 2000, at womenwriters.net (online
journal). (Literary History summary)
Emery, Amy Fass. "The Zombie in/as the text: Zora Neale Hurston's Tell My Horse. " African American Review. 39.3 (Fall
2005): 327(10). Fine Arts and Music Collection. Gale. . (LAPL login required)
Encyclopedia of Folklore and Literature (an ABC-CLIO eBook; login required)
Hurston, Zora Neale - Reviews of her works, in the Literature, Arts & Medicine Database.
Jirousek, Lori. ""That commonality of feeling": Hurston, hybridity, and ethnography. " African American Review. 38.3 (Fall
2004): 417(11). Fine Arts and Music Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
Johnson, Maria V. ""The world in a jug and the stopper in (her) hand": 'Their Eyes' as blues performance. " African American
Review. 32.n3 (Fall 1998): 401(14). Fine Arts and Music Collection. Gale (LAPL login required)
Jump at the Sun: PBS American Masters companion site for documentary on Zora Neale Hurston.
Laudun, John. "Reading Hurston writing. " African American Review. 38.1 (Spring 2004): 45(16). Fine Arts and Music
Collection. Gale. . (LAPL login required)
Perspectives on American Literature – Zora Neale Hurston information page includes biography, critical analysis, links to LOC
collection of Hurston’s plays,
Telling Anthropology: Zora Neale Hurston and Gilberto Freyre Disciplined in Their Field-Home-Work, Benigno Sánchez-Eppler,
American Literary History, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Autumn, 1992), pp. 464-488. (JSTOR login required)
Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston, Renee Hausman, The English Journal, Vol. 65, No. 1, Resources for 1976
(Jan., 1976), pp. 61-62. (JSTOR login required)
Zora Neale Hurston - Short stories Spunk and Black Death, available online.
Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) - Biography, bibliography, web links, and other resources for study of the author.
Zora Neale Hurston and the Survival of the Female, Mary Jane Lupton, The Southern Literary Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Fall, 1982),
pp. 45-54. (JSTOR login required)
Zora Neale Hurston as Local Colorist, Geneva Cobb-Moore, The Southern Literary Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Spring, 1994), pp. 2534. (JSTOR login required)
Zora Neale Hurston discussion transcripts - An examination of "Their Eyes Were Watching God" recorded at Ohio University in
1997.
Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities - An annual gathering in Hurston's self-proclaimed birthplace of
Eatonville, Florida.
Zora Neale Hurston on the Turpentine Camps - Resources related to her expedition to the turpentine camps in Cross City,
Florida in August 1939. Includes her essay, a description of the trip, photos and lesson plans.
US History_1920’s_Harlem Renaissance
26. Zora Neale Hurston, Novelist and Folklorist, Hugh M. Gloster, Phylon (1940-1956), Vol. 4, No. 2 (2nd Qtr., 1943), pp. 153-159.
(JSTOR login required)
27. Zora Neale Hurston: A Literary Life - An article about Hurston, her life and her work.
Marcus Garvey
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"Black Nationalism in the Twentieth Century."The African American Almanac. Brigham
Narins. 10th Detroit: Gale, 2008. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
"Black Nationalism: Early Twentieth Century."UXL Multicultural. Online Detroit: UXL, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL
login required)
"Garvey, Marcus Mosiah (1887-1940)."Encyclopedia of World Biography. Suzanne M. Bourgoin. 2nd Detroit: Gale
Research, 1998. 17 vols. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
"Garvey, Marcus Moziah (1887-1940)."DISCovering Multicultural America. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering
Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
"Marcus Garvey and the U.N.I.A.."DISCovering Authors. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login
required)
"Overview of Marcus (Moziah) Garvey."DISCovering Authors. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL
login required)
African American Writers: A Dictionary (an ABC-CLIO eBook; login required)
American Experience: Marcus Garvey [ ] - Companion site to the American Experience documentary "Marcus Garvey: Look for
Me in the Whirlwind." Explores the life of an influential, yet controversial black leader.
Black Nationalism, J. Herman Blake, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 382, Protest in the
Sixties (Mar., 1969), pp. 15-25. (JSTOR login required)
Marcus Garvey: His Opinions About Africa, Charlotte Phillips Fein, The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 33, No. 4 (Autumn,
1964), pp. 446-449. (JSTOR login required)
Marcus Garvey: The Harlem Years, John Henrik Clarke, Transition, No. 46 (1974), pp. 14-15+17-19. (JSTOR login required)
The Influence of Marcus Garvey on Africa: A British Report of 1922, W. F. Elkins, Science & Society, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Summer,
1968), pp. 321-323. (JSTOR login required)
The Marcus Garvey and UNIA Papers Project - Research effort of the Coleman African Studies Center at UCLA. Discuses Garvey's
life and role in popular history, as well as African nationalism. Includes photo and sound gallery.
The Social Ideas of Marcus Garvey, John L. Graves, The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Winter, 1962), pp. 65-74.
(JSTOR login required)
Claude McKay
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"McKay, Claude (1890-1948)."DISCovering Multicultural America. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL
login required)
2. "McKay, Claude (1890-1948)."Encyclopedia of World Biography. Suzanne M. Bourgoin. 2nd Detroit: Gale
Research, 1998. 17 vols. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
3. African American Writers: A Dictionary (an ABC-CLIO eBook; login required)
4. Claude McKay - An Academy of American Poets poetry "exhibit," including a brief biography and selected poems.
5. Appel, Jacob M. "Claude McKay." "While scholar Alain Locke and novelist James Weldon Johnson attempted to make the Harlem
Renaissance palatable to white audiences, Claude McKay rose to prominence as the most militant voice in the African-American
literary movement." St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture. (Literary History summary)
6. Hathaway, Heather. A review of Caribbean Waves. Relocating Claude McKay and Paule Marshall (Indiana Univ. Press, 1999).
Reviewed in African American Review, Summer, 2001 by Vera M. Kutzinski (Literary History summary)
7. Keller, James R. "'A chafing savage, down the decent street': the politics of compromise in Claude McKay's protest sonnets," in
African American Review, Fall, 1994. (Literary History summary)
8. "Home At Last: The pilgrimage of Claude McKay," Black poet converted to Christianity, by David Goldweber, Commonweal, Sept
10, 1999. (Literary History summary)
9. An introduction to Claude McKay from the Academy of American Poets. (Literary History summary)
10. An introduction to Claude McKay from the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture at the NY Public Library. (Literary
History summary)
US History_1920’s_Harlem Renaissance
Langston Hughes
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"Hughes, (James) Langston (1902-1967)."DISCovering Authors. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL
login required)
"Hughes, Langston (1902-1967)."DISCovering Biography. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login
required)
"Langston Hughes." A brief introduction to Langston Hughes, contextual articles for Harlem Renaissance poets, reliable text for
Hughes's poems: Dream Variations, Dreams, I, Too, Sing America, Let America Be America Again, Life is Fine, Madam and Her
Madam, Madam and the Phone Bill, Night Funeral in Harlem, Po' Boy Blues, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, The Weary Blues,
Theme for English B, Will V-Day Be Me-Day Too? Academy of American Poets. (Literary History summary)
"Langston Hughes." A web site on Langston Hughes created by C-SPAN to accompany its American Writers series. (Literary
History summary)
"Langston Hughes." Brief biography. "I Hear America Singing," PBS. (Literary History summary)
"Langston Hughes." Good, encyclopedia-type introduction to the poet's themes, style and techniques, with a biography and
samples of poems. Poetry Foundation. Ed. Catherine Halley. (Literary History summary)
"Langston Hughes." Modern American Poetry. Ed. Cary Nelson. Excerpts from reputable critical articles on Langston Hughes.
Contents: "Hughes's Life and Career," by Arnold Rampersad; (Literary History summary)
"Mother to Son."EXPLORING Poetry. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale.(LAPL login required)
"Reading Guide to Langston Hughes." Extended essay on Langston Hughes's use of blues traditions and formal techniques, plus
Q&A with Afaa Weaver, discussion questions, and suggested reading. Academy of American Poets. (Literary History summary)
"The Black Poet as Canon-Maker: Langston Hughes, New Negro Poets, and American poetry's segregated past," by Elizabeth
Alexander. Poetry Foundation. (Literary History summary)
"The Negro Speaks of Rivers."EXPLORING Poetry. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
"The Negro Speaks of Rivers."EXPLORING Poetry. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
African American Writers: A Dictionary (an ABC-CLIO eBook; login required)
Hughes's biographer, Arnold Rampersad, is interviewed by Don Swaim, November 19, 1988. "Intrigued by Hughes, Arnold
Rampersad has researched every aspect of Hughes's life. From communist accusations to hospital problems, the trials and
tribulations Hughes endured are discussed in this interview." Audio file at Wired for Books. (Literary History summary)
Langston Hughes - Langston Hughes biography and poetry. A jazz website.
Langston Hughes - The Academy of American Poets presents a biography, photograph, and selected poems.
Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance - A Smithsonian page dealing mainly with Hughes' connection to Harlem.
The Langston Hughes Review - Official publication of the Langston Hughes Society at the University of Georgia.
The Pragmatist Aesthetic and Langston Hughes - A discussion by Patrick Paul Christle of the ways in which Hughes's writing
reflects some of the aesthetic theories of pragmatists, such as John Dewey. [PDF]
The Stranger Redeemed: A Portrait of a Black Poet - Insights on Hughes and his writing.
Ethel Waters
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"Waters, Ethel (1896-1977)."DISCovering Multicultural America. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL
login required)
2. "Waters, Ethel (1896-1977)."Encyclopedia of World Biography. Tracie Ratiner. 252nd Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2005. Discovering
Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
3. Phylon Profile, XXI: Ethel Waters, William Gardner Smith, Phylon (1940-1956), Vol. 11, No. 2 (2nd Qtr., 1950), pp. 114-120
(JSTOR login required)
4. Ethel Waters (1896?-1977), Music Educators Journal, Vol. 64, No. 7 (Mar., 1978), pp. 64-65. (JSTOR login required)
5. Intimate Circles – Women in the Arts: Exhibition at Yale University.
6. Ethel Waters - Blackbird of the Blues - Detailed account of the career of one of the 20th Century's great blues singers, by Retro
Magazine.
7. Harlem 1900-1940: Ethel Waters - A detailed biography with a picture.
8. Museum of Broadcast Communications: Waters, Ethel - Profile focusing on her television acting.
9. Red Hot Jazz: Ethel Waters - Includes a filmography and biographical synopsis.
10. Ethel Waters on YouTube
US History_1920’s_Harlem Renaissance
Paul Robeson
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"I Want to Be African": Paul Robeson and the Ends of Nationalist Theory and Practice, 1914-1945, Sterling Stuckey, The
Massachusetts Review, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Spring, 1976), pp. 81-138. (JSTOR login required)
"Paul Robeson Residence (New York, NY)."DISCovering Multicultural America. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering
Collection. Gale(LAPL login required)
"Robeson, Eslanda Goode (1896-1965)."Encyclopedia of World Biography. Andrea Kovacs
Henderson. 232nd Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
"Robeson, Paul (1898-1976)."DISCovering Multicultural America. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL
login required)
"You Are the Un-Americans, and You Ought to be Ashamed of Yourselves" - Testimony of Paul Robeson before the House UnAmerican Activities Committee. (ODP summary)
Aida's Brothers and Sisters: Black Voices in Opera [ ] - Tells the story of African-Americans in opera from the times of the
legendary Paul Robeson. Includes in-depth look at the life of Marian Andersen as well as an interview with Shirley Verrett. From
PBS. (ODP summary)
American Masters – Paul Robeson: PBS companion website with brief biography.
Paul Robeson - Biography, messages and statements from the ANC, South Africa. (ODP summary)
Paul Robeson - Biography, timeline, photos and other information about the American bass singer, activist, and athlete, from
Electronic New Jersey: A Digital Archive of New Jersey History. (ODP summary)
Paul Robeson and Black Identity in American Movies, Thomas Cripps, The Massachusetts Review, Vol. 11, No. 3 (Summer, 1970),
pp. 468-485. (JSTOR login required)
Paul Robeson and Classical Music, William Pencak, Pennsylvania History, Vol. 66, No. 1, Paul Robeson (1898-1976)—A
Centennial Symposium (Winter 1999), pp. 83-93. (JSTOR login required)
Paul Robeson Centennial Celebration - The singer would have been 100 years old in 1998. (ODP summary)
Paul Robeson digital archive at Rutgers University
Paul Robeson on the Web: Princeton University web directory with link to Robeson’s filmography, recordings, political activities,
etc.
Paul Robeson on YouTube
Paul Robeson: His Dreams Know No Frontiers, Acklyn R. Lynch, The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 45, No. 3 (Summer, 1976),
pp. 225-234. (JSTOR login required)
Louis Armstrong
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"Armstrong First Records With His Hot Five Group, November, 1925."DISCovering World
History. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
2. "Satchmo: A Jazz Dropout or the Entertainer of the Century?."DISCovering Authors. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering
Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
3. Jazz: You Like It - African Genesis portal offers one-line biographies of New Orleans musicians, a lengthy discussion of Louis
Armstrong, and a collection of clippings and quotes on jazz from the 1930s. (ODP summary)
4. DownBeat.com: Louis Armstrong - Includes a biography, discography, photos, and articles from Down Beat magazine. (ODP
summary)
5. Louis Armstrong - Biography and a history of jazz before 1930. Contains over 1000 songs from the era in Real Audio 3 format.
(ODP summary)
6. Louis Armstrong On-line Discography - A collector's site featuring the recorded legacy of a premier figure in American jazz. (ODP
summary)
7. Louis Armstrong Online - Biography, archives, FAQs, recordings, books, bulletin board. (ODP summary)
8. Louis Armstrong Tribute - History, quotations, photos, and lyrics, of Armstrong, and his influence on jazz. (ODP summary)
9. Verve Music Group: Louis Armstrong - Label site includes a timeline and soundclips from his recordings for Decca and Verve.
(ODP summary)
10. Satchmo, Kevin Young, Ploughshares, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Winter, 1997/1998), pp. 186-187
11. Riverboat Music from St. Louis and the Streckfus Steamboat Line, David Chevan, Black Music Research Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2,
Papers of the 1989 National Conference on Black Music Research (Autumn, 1989), pp. 153-180. (JSTOR login required)
12. My World with Louis Armstrong, Charles L. Black, Jr., The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 95, No. 8, Charles L. Black, Jr. Festschrift (Jul.,
1986), pp. 1595-1600. (JSTOR login required)
US History_1920’s_Harlem Renaissance
13. Louis Armstrong, a Tribute, Bill Monroe, Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association, Vol. 12, No. 4
(Autumn, 1971), pp. 366-367. (JSTOR login required)
14. Louis Armstrong and the Syntax of Scat, Brent Hayes Edwards, Critical Inquiry, Vol. 28, No. 3 (Spring, 2002), pp. 618-649
15. Early Jazz, Leroy Ostransky, Music Educators Journal, Vol. 64, No. 6 (Feb., 1978), pp. 34-39. (JSTOR login required)
Cab Calloway
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"Calloway, Cab (1907-1994)."DISCovering Biography. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login
required)
"Calloway, Cab (1907-1994)."DISCovering Multicultural America. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL
login required)
"Calloway, Cab (1908-1994)."Newsmakers. Louise Mooney Collins and Geri J. Speace. Detroit: Gale Research, 1995. Discovering
Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
NPR's "Jazz profiles"
Cab Calloway: 'A Hi De Ho Centennial' another program in NPR's "Jazz Profiles" series
"Cab Calloway: Original Rapper", PopMatters column (11/2005)
1931 German broadcast recording of a live performance in Cotton Club, New York City
Cab Calloway on YouTube
Notable Biographies: biography of Cab Calloway
Duke Ellington
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"Ellington Begins An Influential Engagement At The Cotton Club, December 4, 1927."DISCovering World
History. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
"Ellington, Duke (1899-1975)."DISCovering Multicultural America. Online Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL
login required)
"Ellington, Edward Kennedy (1899-1974)."Encyclopedia of World Biography. Suzanne M. Bourgoin. 2nd Detroit: Gale
Research, 1998. 17 vols. Discovering Collection. Gale. (LAPL login required)
A Duke Ellington Panorama - Project of the Washington, D.C. Ellington Society. List of compositions, sessions, information on
joining other societies and Love You Madly, an e-mail discussion group, glossary, time line, centennial remembrances, news, and
links. (ODP summary)
Artists: Duke Ellington - (1899-1974) Biography, discography, links, reviews, mailing list information. (ODP summary)
DownBeat.com: Duke Ellington - Includes a biography, a photo gallery, lengthy discography with audio clips, four classic Down
Beat magazine articles, and a message board. (ODP summary)
Duke Ellington - Biography, portrait photographs, pictures of his tombstone, cemetery details, and interactive homage. (ODP
summary)
Duke Ellington. A Survey of His Music. - Compositions and arrangements by him and by Ellingtonians plus lists and
commentaries, essays, literature, and links. By Hans-Joachim Schmidt. (ODP summary)
Edward K. "Duke" Ellington - Biography, works, selected discography, articles, links. (ODP summary)
Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington - Wikipedia article with photographs, biographical and musicological details, OGG audio
samples, and internal references to related topics and people, including other jazz "royalty." (ODP summary)
Ellington, Duke (1899 - 1974), United States - Biographical data and essay, recommended CDs, books and sheet music,
bibliography, and link to biography from Dr. Estrella's Incredibly Abridged Dictionary of Composers. (ODP summary)
Jerry Jazz Musician - Interactive catalog offers sound samples, quiz questions, quotes, original art and products featuring Duke
Ellington. (ODP summary)
PopMatters: Duke Ellington - Overview of Ellington's career and review of the collection "The Duke." (ODP summary)
Round About Jazz - German musicologist Jørgen Mathiasen offers research paper on Duke Ellington's known works, with lengthy
bibliography and alphabetical list of 1,770 titles. (ODP summary)
Rude Interlude: Duke Ellington - Biography, discography, essays, articles, links, and a personal memory of the author's daughter
and the composer's music. (ODP summary)
TDES: The Duke Ellington Society - Official site. Includes biographical information plus appreciation, his interpreters, sound
clips, information about the society, links. (ODP summary)
Wildness and Order in Duke Ellington - A contrast of the wildness of many of his works with their underlying order using "Happy
Go Lucky Local" as his example. By Alan Shapiro. (ODP summary).