Intervention Resources for English/Language Arts
High School
Book Resources
 Pre-Referral Intervention Manual (3rd edition): The Most Common Learning and Behavior Problems
Encountered in the Educational Environment by Stephen B. McCarney. Hawthorne Educational
Services, Inc.
This book provides a wealth of intervention ideas based on the learning/behavior concerns for
improvement. The table of contents organizes the student learning/behavior and provides
twenty-six strategies to try with the student to assist with that specific learning/behavior.
Web Based Resources
 Building RtI Capacity
This website features RtI-related information and resources, including short podcasts and
videos: professional development modules and presentations; and tools for conducting needs
assessments, planning activities and professional development for students K-12 in reading,
math and behavior. http://buildingrti.utexas.org/

Council for Exceptional Children
This website is the voice and vision of special education. Type “progress monitoring” in the
search box and various articles about academic and behavior progress monitoring in can be
found. http://www.cec.sped.org

Kentucky Literacy Link
A monthly publication of the Kentucky Department of Education designed to address topics
that impact literacy instruction in all Kentucky classrooms.
http://education.ky.gov/curriculum/lit/pages/literacy-link-newsletter.aspx

The Orton-Gillingham Approach
An intensive, sequential phonics-based system teaches the basics of word formation before
people learn--visual, auditory and kinesthetic. The Orton-Gillingham method teaches to a
student's strengths while seeking to improve his or her weaknesses. http://www.ortongillingham.com/

RTI Action Network
An orientation to RtI in secondary settings. http://rtinetwork.org
Middle School
Book Resources
 Assessing Writers by Carl Anderson.
It “offers smart, ready-to-use ideas for assessment” including “what you need to know about
students to assess them as writers, how to uncover and make sense of this information, how to
make an individualized plan for each student, how to use the plans when you confer and how
to structure units of study to meet classroom-wide needs.”

Pre-Referral Intervention Manual (3rd edition): The Most Common Learning and Behavior Problems
Encountered in the Educational Environment by Stephen B. McCarney. Hawthorne Educational
Services, Inc.
This book provides a wealth of intervention ideas based on the learning/behavior concerns for
improvement. The table of contents organizes the student learning/behavior and provides
twenty-six strategies to try with the student to assist with that specific learning/behavior.
Web Based Resources
 Building RtI Capacity
This website features RtI-related information and resources, including short podcasts and
videos: professional development modules and presentations; and tools for conducting needs
assessments, planning activities and professional development for students K-12 in reading,
math and behavior. http://buildingrti.utexas.org/

Council for Exceptional Children
This website is the voice and vision of special education. Type “progress monitoring” in the
search box and various articles about academic and behavior progress monitoring in can be
found. http://www.cec.sped.org

18 CCSS Literacy Strategies for Struggling Readers – Defining, Summarizing, and Comparing
This resource includes 18 lessons for grades 4 – 12 organized in two ways: by comprehension
strategy – defining, summarizing and comparing and by target reader – non-reader, word caller
and turned off reader.
http://www.peterpappas.com/2009/08/literacy-strategies-struggling-readers-definingsummarizing-comparing.html

Kentucky Literacy Link
A monthly publication of the Kentucky Department of Education designed to address topics
that impact literacy instruction in all Kentucky classrooms.
http://education.ky.gov/curriculum/lit/pages/literacy-link-newsletter.aspx

The Orton-Gillingham Approach
An intensive,
sequential phonics-based system teaches the basics of word
formation before people learn-visual, auditory and kinesthetic. The Orton- Gillingham method teaches to a student's strengths while
seeking to improve his
or her weaknesses. http://www.orton-gillingham.com/
Elementary School
Book/Print Resources
 Apprenticeship in Literacy by Linda J. Dorn, Cathy French and Tammy Jones
A guide for K – 3 teachers who are developing a reading and writing program for their students
using an apprenticeship approach. The book includes language prompts, information on new
common core standards, schedules for implementing a workshop framework, suggestions for
incorporating informational texts, and a strong emphasis on the importance of the writing
process.

Assessing Writers by Carl Anderson.
It “offers smart, ready-to-use ideas for assessment” including “what you need to know about
students to assess them as writers, how to uncover and make sense of this information, how to
make an individualized plan for each student, how to use the plans when you confer and how
to structure units of study to meet classroom-wide needs.”

How Very Young Children Explore Writing by Marie M. Clay
A book for parents and early childhood teachers that explores the writing attempts of preschool
children.

Interventions that Work by Linda J. Dorn and Carla Soffos
A resource that offers a fresh approach to preventing reading failure in the early grades and
reversing reading failure in the upper grades.

Pre-Referral Intervention Manual (3rd edition): The Most Common Learning and Behavior Problems
Encountered in the Educational Environment by Stephen B. McCarney. Hawthorne Educational
Services, Inc.
This book provides a wealth of intervention ideas based on the learning/behavior concerns for
improvement. The table of contents organizes the student learning/behavior and provides
twenty-six strategies to try with the student to assist with that specific learning/behavior.

Projecting Possibilities for Writers by Matt Glover and Mary Alice Berry
A support for teachers to create a unit of study in writing workshop.

Readers and Writers with a Difference by Lynn K. Rhodes and Curt Dudley-Marling
A holistic approach to teaching struggling readers and writers

Research Base for Guided Reading as an Instructional Approach by Foutnas and Pinnell
A discussion of guided reading within a comprehensive literacy program with the research base
for eight components of guided reading.

Resources for Primary Writing, Units of Study for Primary Writing: A Yearlong Curriculum by Lucy
Calkins
A yearlong writing curriculum with assessment rubrics and exact words of teaching.

Scaffolding Young Writers A Writers’ Workshop Approach by Linda J. Dorn and Carla Soffos
A guide for implementing writers’ workshop in the primary grades.

6+1 Traits of Writing by Ruth Culham
A focus on each writing trait to address the needs of K – 2 teachers.

Using Picture Books to Teach Writing with the Traits by Ruth Culham and Raymond Coutu
An annotated bibliography of more than 200 titles with teacher tested lessons.

What a Writer Needs by Ralph Fletcher
Specific, practical strategies for challenging and extending student writing.
Web Based Resources
 Being a Good Writer: Writing Tips and Strategies from Lucy Calkins
A video of Lucy Calkins discussing revising, paying attention to detail, and rereading one’s
writing. www.youtube.com/watch?v=WO29k1-RvsA

Building RtI Capacity
This website features RtI-related information and resources, including short podcasts and
videos: professional development modules and presentations; and tools for conducting needs
assessments, planning activities and professional development for students K-12 in reading,
math and behavior. http://buildingrti.utexas.org/

Center for Research on Learning
Learning strategies for reading, studying and remembering information, writing, improving
assignment and test performance, effectively interacting with others, motivation and math
from the University of Kansas. http://www.kucrl.org/sim/strategies.shtml

Common Core Teaching and Learning Strategies
Strategies have been compiled to connect the Common Core State Standards to best practices
for ELA and Reading Information Text in Grades K-5 from the Illinois State Board of Education.
http://www.isbe.net/commoncore/pdf/ela-teach-strat-k-5.pdf

Effective Writing Strategies for All Students
An article about the seven recommendations for teaching writing:
http://doc.renlearn.com/KMNet/R004250923GJCF33.pdf

18 CCSS Literacy Strategies for Struggling Readers – Defining, Summarizing, and Comparing
This resource includes 18 lessons for grades 4 – 12 organized in two ways: by comprehension
strategy – defining, summarizing and comparing and by target reader – non-reader, word caller
and turned off reader.
http://www.peterpappas.com/2009/08/literacy-strategies-struggling-readers-definingsummarizing-comparing.html

Florida Center for Reading Research
The website offers basic research on reading, reading growth, reading assessment and reading
instruction and provides instructional materials for teachers in the five components of reading.
http://www.fcrr.org

Into the Book
A reading comprehension resource for K-4 students and teachers. The website focuses on eight
research-based strategies: using prior knowledge, making connections, questioning, visualizing,
inferring, summarizing, evaluating, and synthesizing: http://reading.ecb.org/

The Iris Center
Free online interactive resources that translate research about the education of students with
disabilities into practice. Materials cover a wide variety of evidence based topics, including
behavior, RtI, learning strategies, and progress monitoring.
http://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/index.html

Kentucky Literacy Link
A monthly publication of the Kentucky Department of Education designed to address topics
that impact literacy instruction in all Kentucky classrooms.
http://education.ky.gov/curriculum/lit/pages/literacy-link-newsletter.aspx

Literacy without Limits
Help for struggling students, grades 4 – 12. The website includes authentic classroom video of
Kentucky teachers providing insight into their planning pedagogical reasoning and expectation
for each lesson. http://www.literacywithoutlimits.org/

The Orton-Gillingham Approach
An intensive, sequential phonics-based system teaches the basics of word formation before
people learn--visual, auditory and kinesthetic. The Orton-Gillingham method teaches to a
student's strengths while seeking to improve his or her weaknesses. http://www.ortongillingham.com/

The Reading and Writing Project
This guide provides information about RtI and also offers an example of a sample RtI plan. An
Appendix is also included with documents that you can use to help you develop and implement
an RtI plan at your school. http://readingandwritingproject.com/resources/rti.html

Teaching Writing Strategies
Steve Graham of Vanderbilt Kennedy Center teaches writing strategies to struggling writers.
http://www.couragetorisk.org/2009_handouts/Graham_Writing_Strategies.pdf

What Works Clearinghouse
This website reviews the research on the different programs, products, practices, and policies in
education so educators have the information they need to make evidence-based decisions.
http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc
Addressing Students with Special Needs
Web Based Resources
 Academic interventions for children with dyslexia who have phonological core deficits
The website offers suggested phonological awareness interventions to help children with
dyslexia. http://www.kidsource.com/kidsource/content2/dyslexia.html

Council for Exceptional Children
This website is the voice and vision of special education. Type “progress monitoring” in the
search box and various articles about academic and behavior progress monitoring in can be
found. http://www.cec.sped.org

Dyslexia Association of the Pennyrile
This website offers insight into the number of laws that can help people with dyslexia and other
learning disabilities get help in school and at work.
http://www.hopkinsvilledyslexia.org/laws.html

Framework for Informed Reading and Language Instruction. Matrix of Multisensory Structured
Language Programs
This comparison matrix of multisensory, structured language programs enables educators to
see the similarities and differences among various approaches for teaching students to read
and write that are widely used throughout the United States.
http://www.interdys.org/ewebeditpro5/upload/MSL2007finalR1.pdf

The International Dyslexia Association Promoting Literacy through Research, Education and Advocacy
The IDA is a non-profit organization dedicated to helping individuals with dyslexia, their families
and the communities that support them. http://www.interdys.org/index.htm

Intervention Central
Intervention Central provides teachers, schools and district with free academic and behavior
resources to help struggling learners and implement Response to Intervention and attain the
Common Core State Standards. http://www.interventioncentral.org

The Iris Center
Free online interactive resources that translate research about the education of students with
disabilities into practice. Materials cover a wide variety of evidence based topics, including
behavior, RtI, learning strategies, and progress monitoring.
http://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/index.html

The Orton-Gillingham Approach
An intensive, sequential phonics-based system teaches the basics of word formation before
people learn--visual, auditory and kinesthetic. The Orton-Gillingham method teaches to a
student's strengths while seeking to improve his or her weaknesses. http://www.ortongillingham.com/

Research Room Free-Spirited Structured Multisensory Learning
Accommodations, modifications and remediation for students with handwriting problems
and/or dysgraphia. http://www.resourceroom.net/readspell/dysgraphia.asp

Reading Rockets Teaching Kids to Read and Helping Those Who Struggle
A multimedia literacy initiative offering information and resources on how young kids learn to
read, why so many struggle, and how caring adults can help. http://www.readingrockets.org

The Texas Education Agency's Dyslexia Handbook
The purpose of this handbook of procedures related to dyslexia is to provide guidelines for
school districts, charter schools, campuses, teachers, and parents or guardians in the
identification and instruction of students with dyslexia.
http://www.region10.org/dyslexia/Documents/DyslexiaHandbook11-10-2010.pdf
Intervention Resources for Math
High School
Book Resources
 Learning to Love Math: Teaching Strategies That Change Student Attitudes and Get Results by Judy
Willis (Jul 13, 2010)
Dr. Judy Willis responds with an emphatic yes in this informative guide to getting better results
in math class. Tapping into abundant research on how the brain works, Willis presents a
practical approach for how we can improve academic results by demonstrating certain
behaviors and teaching students in a way that minimizes negativity

Pre-Referral Intervention Manual (3rd edition): The Most Common Learning and Behavior Problems
Encountered in the Educational Environment by Stephen B. McCarney. Hawthorne Educational
Services, Inc. (2006)
This book provides a wealth of intervention ideas based on learning/behavior concerns for
improvement. The table of contents organizes the student learning/behavior and provides
twenty-six strategies to try with the student to assist with that specific learning/behavior.

Response to Intervention in Math by Paul J. Riccomini and Bradley S. Witzel (Dec 28, 2009)
Aligned with the NMAP final report and IES practice guide, this resource offers guidelines,
intervention strategies, and case studies for designing and implementing RTI in math.

Solving Equations: An Algebra Intervention (Math Intervention Series) by Bradley S. Witzel and Paul J.
Riccomini (Jul 17, 2010)
This timely new book is filled with essential research-based information that teachers and preservice teachers alike need in order to help more students achieve mathematical standards by
employing the concrete to representational to abstract (CRA) sequence of instruction with
forms of algebraic equations.

Understanding RTI in Mathematics: Proven Methods and Applications by Russell Gersten, Ph.D. and
Rebecca Newman-Gonchar, Ph.D. (Aug 31, 2011)
This is the definitive volume on RTI in math: what we know about it, why it works, and how to
use it to ensure high-quality math instruction and higher student achievement. Filled with
vignettes, accessible summaries of the most recent studies, and best-practice guidelines for
making the most of RTI, this comprehensive research volume is ideal for use as a textbook or as
a key resource to guide decision makers.

Using Formative Assessment to Differentiate Mathematics Instruction, Grades 4-10: Seven Practices to
Maximize Learning by Leslie Laud (Mar 28, 2011)
Staff development expert Leslie Laud provides seven research-based practices that show
teachers how to implement formative assessment, create tiered instruction, and manage a
multitasking classroom.
Web-Based Resources
 ABRI
ABRI (Academic and Behavioral Response to Intervention) structured to provide state-wide
access to support with the emphasis on creating an infrastructure toward sustainability and
capacity building within schools and educational cooperatives.
https://louisville.edu/education/abri

Concrete-Representational-Abstract Instructional Approach
Provides an overview of the Concrete-Representational-Abstract (CRA) Instructional Approach
and discusses how this intervention can be used to improve math instruction.
http://www.k8accesscenter.org/training_resources/documents/CRAApplicationFinal_000.pdf

Effective Strategies for Teaching Students with Difficulties in Mathematics
Based on meta-analyses of more than 50 studies, this research brief from the National Council
of Teachers of Mathematics reviews six aspects of instruction that have been found to be
consistently effective in teaching students who have difficulties with mathematics: systematic
and explicit instruction, think-alouds, peer-assisted learning, and formative assessment data.
http://www.nctm.org/uploadedFiles/Research_News_and_Advocacy/Research/Clips_and_Brief
s/Research_brief_02_-_Effective_Strategies.pdf

Examples of Math Interventions
Provides a list of strategies by area of concern or struggle for students.
http://jennylind.mpls.k12.mn.us/math_intervention_ideas

Intervention Central
Provides teachers, schools and districts with free resources to help struggling learners and
implement Response to Intervention and attain the Common Core State Standards
http://www.interventioncentral.org/academic-interventions/math

Kentucky Center for Mathematics
Drawing on the expertise and research of mathematics educators and mathematicians, the
Kentucky Center for Mathematics supports diverse teacher and student populations across the
Commonwealth by facilitating the development of mathematical proficiency, power for future
success, and enjoyment of teaching and learning mathematics.
http://www.kentuckymathematics.org/index.asp

Kentucky Council of Teachers of Mathematics
Provides support and professional development by grade level. http://www.kctm.org/

Kentucky Department of Education – Mathematics – High School
The elementary mathematics page is organized using categories: Curriculum, Instructions,
Assessment, Highlighted Supports and State/National agencies and organizations. Each link
connects to additional information and resources including professional development
opportunities, KDE-produced resources and professional organizations.
http://education.ky.gov/curriculum/math/Pages/Mathematics---High-School.aspx

Mathematics Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities or Difficulty Learning Mathematics: A
Guide for Teachers
This guide from the Center on Instruction describes seven effective instructional practices for
teaching mathematics to K–12 students with learning disabilities that were identified in the
Center’s synthesis of intervention research, and also incorporates recommendations from "The
Final Report of The National Mathematics Advisory Panel".
http://www.centeroninstruction.org/files/Mathematics%20Instruction%20LD%20Guide%20for
%20Teachers.pdf

Math Interventions from Akron Public Schools
An extensive list of interventions and strategies by grade level.
http://www.akronschools.com/departments/ci/pyramids/math-strategies/

Mathwire
This series of pages is designed as a resource to teachers as they differentiate instruction for
varied learners in the class. Suggested activities include multi-sensory approaches to various
mathematical skills and games to help struggling students construct deep meaning for
numbers. http://mathwire.com/strategies/intervention.html

School-Wide Strategies for Managing Mathematics
Provides a variety of strategies to implement when students are struggling with common math
topics. The website also has links to a variety of other resources related to math interventions.
http://www.jimwrightonline.com/php/interventionista/interventionista_intv_list.php?prob_typ
e=mathematics

Turn-On Common Core Math
Turnonccmath.com is designed to elaborate the "scientific basis" of learning trajectories
research and link to the Common Core State Standards. Unpacked descriptors describe
students' movement from naive to sophisticated ideas by identifying bridging standards;
underlying cognitive principles; student misconceptions, strategies and inscriptions; and
models, related representations and contexts. The descriptors for each learning trajectory
include a diagram that provides a Structural Overview of the standards and descriptors within
that Learning Target. http://turnonccmath.net/

Using Mnemonic Instruction to Teach Math
This brief illustrates mnemonics that are useful in teaching math facts, order of operations,
measurement, geometry, problem-solving techniques, and other areas of math to students
with disabilities
http://www.k8accesscenter.org/training_resources/documents/Mnemonicinstruction-math-420-05.pdf
Middle School
Book Resources
 Computation of Fractions: Math Intervention for Elementary and Middle Grades Students by Bradley S.
Witzel and Paul J. Riccomini (Oct 13, 2008)
Insight into what really helps students learn math including friendly descriptions of the
concrete to representational to abstract sequence of instruction, procedural instruction that
can be expanded from one topic to the next, assessment guides for placement and
measurement, and retention of content through mixed reviews and assessments. In addition,
the authors provide teachers with clear direction to implement each research-based lesson
plan with answer sheets to grade student work as well as pictures of manipulations and
accompanying vocabulary so that teachers know exactly how to show concrete and pictorial
steps.

Computation of Integers: Math Intervention for Elementary and Middle Grades Students by Paul J.
Riccomini and Bradley S. Witzel (Jul 19, 2009)
Integration of picture-led, step-by-step instruction with accompanying dialogue will aid
educators to deliver the exact vocabulary and stepwise procedures necessary for success—that
of their students learning the mathematical process to computing integers. Written for math
educators including elementary, middle school, special education teachers, tutors and home
school teachers, this accessible guide will improve instructors’ ability to teach integers, and the
confidence in their students to master the subject matter.

Differentiating Math Instruction: Strategies That Work for K-8 Classrooms by William N. Bender (Mar
17, 2009)
With recommendations based on the 2008 National Mathematics Advisory Panel report, this
updated resource provides classroom-ready strategies for differentiating math instruction.

Learning to Love Math: Teaching Strategies That Change Student Attitudes and Get Results by Judy
Willis (Jul 13, 2010)
Dr. Judy Willis responds with an emphatic yes in this informative guide to getting better results
in math class. Tapping into abundant research on how the brain works, Willis presents a
practical approach for how we can improve academic results by demonstrating certain
behaviors and teaching students in a way that minimizes negativity

Mastering the Basic Math Facts in Multiplication and Division: Strategies, Activities & Interventions to
Move Students Beyond Memorization by Susan O'Connell and John SanGiovanni (Mar 29, 2011)
Provides insights into the teaching of basic math facts, including a multitude of instructional
strategies, teacher tips, and classroom activities to help students master their facts while
strengthening their understanding of numbers, patterns, and properties.

Pre-Referral Intervention Manual (3rd edition): The Most Common Learning and Behavior Problems
Encountered in the Educational Environment by Stephen B. McCarney. Hawthorne Educational
Services, Inc. (2006)
This book provides a wealth of intervention ideas based on learning/behavior concerns for
improvement. The table of contents organizes the student learning/behavior and provides
twenty-six strategies to try with the student to assist with that specific learning/behavior.

Response to Intervention in Math by Paul J. Riccomini and Bradley S. Witzel (Dec 28, 2009)
Aligned with the NMAP final report and IES practice guide, this resource offers guidelines,
intervention strategies, and case studies for designing and implementing RTI in math.

RTI and Mathematics: Practical Tools for Teachers in K-8 Classrooms by Regina Gresham and Mary E.
Little (Sep 17, 2012)
This interactive, practical resource gives educators sound knowledge and expertise for
successfully implementing RTI in mathematics and addressing the challenges involved. Clarifies
and describes the issues of RTI, the connections among teachers’ knowledge and skills and their
use with RTI, and the role of the teacher within the classroom and school, and provides
evidence-based content, scenarios, examples, resources, and activities; modeling description;
and reflection upon the key learning outcomes of RTI.

Solving Equations: An Algebra Intervention (Math Intervention Series) by Bradley S. Witzel and Paul J.
Riccomini (Jul 17, 2010)
This timely new book is filled with essential research-based information that teachers and preservice teachers alike need in order to help more students achieve mathematical standards by
employing the concrete to representational to abstract (CRA) sequence of instruction with
forms of algebraic equations.

Strategies for Teaching Whole Number Computation: Using Error Analysis for Intervention and
Assessment by David B. Spangler (Jun 2, 2010)
Through error analysis and targeted instruction, you can uncover students’ misconceptions in
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division and help students understand and correct
their own mistakes.

Teaching Learners Who Struggle with Mathematics: Responding With Systematic Intervention and
Remediation (3rd Edition) (Pearson Professional Development) by Helene J. Sherman, Lloyd I.
Richardson and George J. Yard (Apr 23, 2012)
This book is designed for aspiring and practicing teachers who will work or are working with K-6
students in need of remediation and additional math instruction. Addressing the mathematical
concepts students struggle with most, including place value, addition and subtraction of whole
numbers, multiplication, division, fractions, and time and money, this book analyzes the roots
and causes of frequent error patterns in student work and offers implementable solutions for
solving them and teaching lifelong math skills.

Understanding RTI in Mathematics: Proven Methods and Applications by Russell Gersten, Ph.D. and
Rebecca Newman-Gonchar, Ph.D. (Aug 31, 2011)
This is the definitive volume on RTI in math: what we know about it, why it works, and how to
use it to ensure high-quality math instruction and higher student achievement. Filled with
vignettes, accessible summaries of the most recent studies, and best-practice guidelines for
making the most of RTI, this comprehensive research volume is ideal for use as a textbook or as
a key resource to guide decision makers.

Using Formative Assessment to Differentiate Mathematics Instruction, Grades 4-10: Seven Practices to
Maximize Learning by Leslie Laud (Mar 28, 2011)
Staff development expert Leslie Laud provides seven research-based practices that show
teachers how to implement formative assessment, create tiered instruction, and manage a
multitasking classroom.
Web-Based Resources
 ABRI
ABRI (Academic and Behavioral Response to Intervention) is structured to provide state-wide
access to support with the emphasis on creating an infrastructure toward sustainability and
capacity building within schools and educational cooperatives.
https://louisville.edu/education/abri

Assisting Students Struggling with Mathematics: Response to Intervention (RtI) for Elementary and
Middle Schools
This 2009 practice guide from the What Works Clearinghouse provides eight recommendations
to help teachers, principals, and school administrators use RtI to identify students who need
assistance in mathematics and to address the needs of these students through focused
interventions. Each recommendation has practical suggestions for implementation.
http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/pdf/practice_guides/rti_math_pg_042109.pdf

Concrete-Representational-Abstract Instructional Approach
Provides an overview of the Concrete-Representational-Abstract (CRA) Instructional Approach
and discusses how this intervention can be used to improve math instruction.
http://www.k8accesscenter.org/training_resources/documents/CRAApplicationFinal_000.pdf

Effective Strategies for Teaching Students with Difficulties in Mathematics
Based on meta-analyses of more than 50 studies, this research brief from the National Council
of Teachers of Mathematics reviews six aspects of instruction that have been found to be
consistently effective in teaching students who have difficulties with mathematics: systematic
and explicit instruction, think-alouds, peer-assisted learning, and formative assessment data.
http://www.nctm.org/uploadedFiles/Research_News_and_Advocacy/Research/Clips_and_Brief
s/Research_brief_02_-_Effective_Strategies.pdf

Examples of Math Interventions
Provides a list of strategies by area of concern or struggle for students.
http://jennylind.mpls.k12.mn.us/math_intervention_ideas

Intervention Central
Provides teachers, schools and districts with free resources to help struggling learners and
implement Response to Intervention and attain the Common Core State Standards
http://www.interventioncentral.org/academic-interventions/math

Kentucky Center for Mathematics
Drawing on the expertise and research of mathematics educators and mathematicians, the
Kentucky Center for Mathematics supports diverse teacher and student populations across the
Commonwealth by facilitating the development of mathematical proficiency, power for future
success, and enjoyment of teaching and learning mathematics.
http://www.kentuckymathematics.org/index.asp

Kentucky Council of Teachers of Mathematics
Provides support and professional development by grade level. http://www.kctm.org/

Kentucky Department of Education – Mathematics – Middle School
The elementary mathematics page is organized using categories: Curriculum, Instructions,
Assessment, Highlighted Supports and State/National agencies and organizations. Each link
connects to additional information and resources including professional development
opportunities, KDE-produced resources and professional organizations.
http://education.ky.gov/curriculum/math/Pages/Mathematics---MS.aspx

Mathematics Strategy Instruction (SI) for Middle School Students with Learning Disabilities
This brief, written by Dr. Joseph Gagnon and Dr. Paula Maccini, focuses on the use of strategy
instruction with middle school students with LD.
http://www.k8accesscenter.org/training_resources/documents/MathSIforMiddleSchoolStuden
tswithLD.pdf

Mathematics Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities or Difficulty Learning Mathematics: A
Guide for Teachers
This guide from the Center on Instruction describes seven effective instructional practices for
teaching mathematics to K–12 students with learning disabilities that were identified in the
Center’s synthesis of intervention research, and also incorporates recommendations from "The
Final Report of The National Mathematics Advisory Panel".
http://www.centeroninstruction.org/files/Mathematics%20Instruction%20LD%20Guide%20for
%20Teachers.pdf

Math Interventions from Akron Public Schools
An extensive list of interventions and strategies by grade level.
http://www.akronschools.com/departments/ci/pyramids/math-strategies/

Mathwire
This series of pages is designed as a resource to teachers as they differentiate instruction for
varied learners in the class. Suggested activities include multi-sensory approaches to various
mathematical skills and games to help struggling students construct deep meaning for
numbers. http://mathwire.com/strategies/intervention.html

School-Wide Strategies for Managing Mathematics
Provides a variety of strategies to implement when students are struggling with common math
topics. The website also has links to a variety of other resources related to math interventions.
http://www.jimwrightonline.com/php/interventionista/interventionista_intv_list.php?prob_typ
e=mathematics

Turn-On Common Core Math
Turnonccmath.com is designed to elaborate the "scientific basis" of learning trajectories
research and link to the Common Core State Standards. Unpacked descriptors describe
students' movement from naive to sophisticated ideas by identifying bridging standards;
underlying cognitive principles; student misconceptions, strategies and inscriptions; and
models, related representations and contexts. The descriptors for each learning trajectory
include a diagram that provides a Structural Overview of the standards and descriptors within
that Learning Target. http://turnonccmath.net/

Using Mnemonic Instruction to Teach Math
This brief illustrates mnemonics that are useful in teaching math facts, order of operations,
measurement, geometry, problem-solving techniques, and other areas of math to students
with disabilities
http://www.k8accesscenter.org/training_resources/documents/Mnemonicinstruction-math-420-05.pdf
Elementary School
Book Resources
 Computation of Fractions: Math Intervention for Elementary and Middle Grades Students by Bradley S.
Witzel and Paul J. Riccomini (Oct 13, 2008)
Insight into what really helps students learn math including friendly descriptions of the
concrete to representational to abstract sequence of instruction, procedural instruction that
can be expanded from one topic to the next, assessment guides for placement and
measurement, and retention of content through mixed reviews and assessments. In addition,
the authors provide teachers with clear direction to implement each research-based lesson
plan with answer sheets to grade student work as well as pictures of manipulations and
accompanying vocabulary so that teachers know exactly how to show concrete and pictorial
steps.

Computation of Integers: Math Intervention for Elementary and Middle Grades Students by Paul J.
Riccomini and Bradley S. Witzel (Jul 19, 2009)
Integration of picture-led, step-by-step instruction with accompanying dialogue will aid
educators to deliver the exact vocabulary and stepwise procedures necessary for success—that
of their students learning the mathematical process to computing integers. Written for math
educators including elementary, middle school, special education teachers, tutors and home
school teachers, this accessible guide will improve instructors’ ability to teach integers, and the
confidence in their students to master the subject matter.

Developing Number Knowledge: Assessment, Teaching and Intervention with 7-11 year olds (Math
Recovery) by Robert J Wright, David Ellemor-Collins and Pamela D Tabor (Dec 6, 2011)
The book offers a coherent, up-to-date approach emphasizing computational fluency and the
progressive development of students’ mathematical sophistication. The book is organized in
key domains of number instruction, including structuring numbers 1 to 20, knowledge of
number words and numerals, conceptual place value, mental computation, written
computation methods, fractions, and early algebraic reasoning.

Differentiating Math Instruction: Strategies That Work for K-8 Classrooms by William N. Bender (Mar
17, 2009)
With recommendations based on the 2008 National Mathematics Advisory Panel report, this
updated resource provides classroom-ready strategies for differentiating math instruction.

Early Numeracy: Assessment for Teaching and Intervention (Math Recovery) by Robert J. Wright, James
Martland and Ann K Stafford (Jan 26, 2006)
The assessment tools in this edition help teachers identify children's difficulties and
misconceptions and become more skilled and confident in planning programs for intervention
and monitoring children's progress.

Learning to Love Math: Teaching Strategies That Change Student Attitudes and Get Results by Judy
Willis (Jul 13, 2010)
Dr. Judy Willis responds with an emphatic yes in this informative guide to getting better results
in math class. Tapping into abundant research on how the brain works, Willis presents a
practical approach for how we can improve academic results by demonstrating certain
behaviors and teaching students in a way that minimizes negativity.

Mastering the Basic Math Facts in Addition and Subtraction: Strategies, Activities, and Interventions to
Move Students Beyond Memorization by Susan O'Connell and John SanGiovanni (Mar 29, 2011)
Provides insight into the teaching of basic math facts, including a multitude of instructional
strategies, teacher tips, and classroom activities to help students master their facts while
strengthening their understanding of numbers, patterns, and properties.

Mastering the Basic Math Facts in Multiplication and Division: Strategies, Activities & Interventions to
Move Students Beyond Memorization by Susan O'Connell and John SanGiovanni (Mar 29, 2011)
Provides insights into the teaching of basic math facts, including a multitude of instructional
strategies, teacher tips, and classroom activities to help students master their facts while
strengthening their understanding of numbers, patterns, and properties.

Math Intervention: Building Number Power with Formative Assessments, Differentiation, and Games,
Grades 3-5 by Jennifer Taylor-Cox
Useful for small groups or one-on-one instruction, this book offers successful math
interventions and RTI connections. Teachers will learn to target math instruction to struggling
students by: diagnosing weaknesses, providing specific, differentiated instruction, using
formative assessments, offering corrective feedback, motivating students by using games.

Pre-Referral Intervention Manual (3rd edition): The Most Common Learning and Behavior Problems
Encountered in the Educational Environment by Stephen B. McCarney. Hawthorne Educational
Services, Inc. (2006)
This book provides a wealth of intervention ideas based on learning/behavior concerns for
improvement. The table of contents organizes the student learning/behavior and provides
twenty-six strategies to try with the student to assist with that specific learning/behavior.

Response to Intervention in Math by Paul J. Riccomini and Bradley S. Witzel (Dec 28, 2009)
Aligned with the NMAP final report and IES practice guide, this resource offers guidelines,
intervention strategies, and case studies for designing and implementing RTI in math.

Response to Intervention in Math: Practical Guidelines for Elementary Teachers by William N. Bender
(Jun 30, 2010)
Addresses a growing demand for implementation of response to intervention (RTI) procedures
in mathematics education. This resource offers guidance through each stage of the RTI process,
extensive tools for teacher reflection and growth, and discussion of support strategies beyond
the classroom. It also includes a variety of assessment materials, research-based instructional
strategies, and numerous case-studies of RTI implementation.

RTI and Mathematics: Practical Tools for Teachers in K-8 Classrooms by Regina Gresham and Mary E.
Little (Sep 17, 2012)
This interactive, practical resource gives educators sound knowledge and expertise for
successfully implementing RTI in mathematics and addressing the challenges involved. Clarifies
and describes the issues of RTI, the connections among teachers’ knowledge and skills and their
use with RTI, and the role of the teacher within the classroom and school, and provides
evidence-based content, scenarios, examples, resources, and activities; modeling description;
and reflection upon the key learning outcomes of RTI.

RTI in Math: Pratical Guidelines for Elementary Teachers by William N. Bender and Darlene Crane (Aug
15, 2010)
RTI in Math: Practical Guidelines for Elementary Teachers addresses a growing demand for
implementation of response to intervention (RTI) procedures in mathematics education. They
analyze common student difficulties in both early and upper-elementary math, from basic
number sense to complex problem-solving skills, and they apply a three-tier RTI model to the
general education classroom. This resource offers guidance through each stage of the RTI
process, extensive tools for teacher reflection and growth, and discussion of support strategies
beyond the classroom. It also includes a variety of assessment materials, research-based
instructional strategies, and numerous case-studies of RTI implementation.

Strategies for Teaching Whole Number Computation: Using Error Analysis for Intervention and
Assessment by David B. Spangler (Jun 2, 2010)
Through error analysis and targeted instruction, you can uncover students’ misconceptions in
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division and help students understand and correct
their own mistakes.

Teaching Learners Who Struggle with Mathematics: Responding With Systematic Intervention and
Remediation (3rd Edition) (Pearson Professional Development) by Helene J. Sherman, Lloyd I.
Richardson and George J. Yard (Apr 23, 2012)
This book is designed for aspiring and practicing teachers who will work or are working with K-6
students in need of remediation and additional math instruction. Addressing the mathematical
concepts students struggle with most, including place value, addition and subtraction of whole
numbers, multiplication, division, fractions, and time and money, this book analyzes the roots
and causes of frequent error patterns in student work and offers implementable solutions for
solving them and teaching lifelong math skills.

Understanding RTI in Mathematics: Proven Methods and Applications by Russell Gersten, Ph.D. and
Rebecca Newman-Gonchar, Ph.D. (Aug 31, 2011)
This is the definitive volume on RTI in math: what we know about it, why it works, and how to
use it to ensure high-quality math instruction and higher student achievement. Filled with
vignettes, accessible summaries of the most recent studies, and best-practice guidelines for
making the most of RTI, this comprehensive research volume is ideal for use as a textbook or as
a key resource to guide decision makers.

Using Formative Assessment to Differentiate Mathematics Instruction, Grades 4-10: Seven Practices to
Maximize Learning by Leslie Laud (Mar 28, 2011)
Staff development expert Leslie Laud provides seven research-based practices that show
teachers how to implement formative assessment, create tiered instruction, and manage a
multitasking classroom.
Web-Based Resources
 ABRI
ABRI (Academic and Behavioral Response to Intervention) is structured to provide state-wide
access to support with the emphasis on creating an infrastructure toward sustainability and
capacity building within schools and educational cooperatives.
https://louisville.edu/education/abri

Assisting Students Struggling with Mathematics: Response to Intervention (RtI) for Elementary and
Middle Schools
This 2009 practice guide from the What Works Clearinghouse provides eight recommendations
to help teachers, principals, and school administrators use RtI to identify students who need
assistance in mathematics and to address the needs of these students through focused
interventions. Each recommendation has practical suggestions for implementation.
http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/pdf/practice_guides/rti_math_pg_042109.pdf

Concrete-Representational-Abstract Instructional Approach
Provides an overview of the Concrete-Representational-Abstract (CRA) Instructional Approach
and discusses how this intervention can be used to improve math instruction.
http://www.k8accesscenter.org/training_resources/documents/CRAApplicationFinal_000.pdf

Effective Strategies for Teaching Students with Difficulties in Mathematics
Based on meta-analyses of more than 50 studies, this research brief from the National Council
of Teachers of Mathematics reviews six aspects of instruction that have been found to be
consistently effective in teaching students who have difficulties with mathematics: systematic
and explicit instruction, think-alouds, peer-assisted learning, and formative assessment data.
http://www.nctm.org/uploadedFiles/Research_News_and_Advocacy/Research/Clips_and_Brief
s/Research_brief_02_-_Effective_Strategies.pdf

Examples of Math Interventions
Provides a list of strategies by area of concern or struggle for students.
http://jennylind.mpls.k12.mn.us/math_intervention_ideas

Illuminations: Resources for Teaching Math
The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics provides an outstanding amount of math
resources, including activities, lessons, standards, and web links. http://illuminations.nctm.org/

Intervention Central
Provides teachers, schools and districts with free resources to help struggling learners and
implement Response to Intervention and attain the Common Core State Standards
http://www.interventioncentral.org/academic-interventions/math

K-5 Math Teaching Resources
This site provides an extensive collection of free resources, math games, and hands-on math
activities aligned with the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. http://www.k5mathteachingresources.com/

Kentucky Center for Mathematics
Drawing on the expertise and research of mathematics educators and mathematicians, the
Kentucky Center for Mathematics supports diverse teacher and student populations across the
Commonwealth by facilitating the development of mathematical proficiency, power for future
success, and enjoyment of teaching and learning mathematics.
http://www.kentuckymathematics.org/index.asp

Kentucky Council of Teachers of Mathematics
Provides support and professional development by grade level. http://www.kctm.org/

Kentucky Department of Education – Mathematics – Elementary
The elementary mathematics page is organized using categories: Curriculum, Instructions,
Assessment, Highlighted Supports and State/National agencies and organizations. Each link
connects to additional information and resources including professional development
opportunities, KDE-produced resources and professional organizations.
http://education.ky.gov/curriculum/math/Pages/Mathematics---Elementary.aspx

Mathematics Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities or Difficulty Learning Mathematics: A
Guide for Teachers
This guide from the Center on Instruction describes seven effective instructional practices for
teaching mathematics to K–12 students with learning disabilities that were identified in the
Center’s synthesis of intervention research, and also incorporates recommendations from "The
Final Report of The National Mathematics Advisory Panel".
http://www.centeroninstruction.org/files/Mathematics%20Instruction%20LD%20Guide%20for
%20Teachers.pdf

Mathematics Strategy Instruction (SI) for Middle School Students with Learning Disabilities
This brief, written by Dr. Joseph Gagnon and Dr. Paula Maccini, focuses on the use of strategy
instruction with middle school students with LD.
http://digilib.gmu.edu:8080/jspui/bitstream/1920/284/1/MathSIforMiddleSchoolStudentswith
LD.2.pdf

Math Interventions from Akron Public Schools
An extensive list of interventions and strategies by grade level.
http://www.akronschools.com/departments/ci/pyramids/math-strategies/

Mathwire
This series of pages is designed as a resource to teachers as they differentiate instruction for
varied learners in the class. Suggested activities include multi-sensory approaches to various
mathematical skills and games to help struggling students construct deep meaning for
numbers. http://mathwire.com/strategies/intervention.html

School-Wide Strategies for Managing Mathematics
Provides a variety of strategies to implement when students are struggling with common math
topics. The website also has links to a variety of other resources related to math interventions.
http://www.jimwrightonline.com/php/interventionista/interventionista_intv_list.php?prob_typ
e=mathematics

Turn-On Common Core Math
Turnonccmath.com is designed to elaborate the "scientific basis" of learning trajectories
research and link to the Common Core State Standards. Unpacked descriptors describe
students' movement from naive to sophisticated ideas by identifying bridging standards;
underlying cognitive principles; student misconceptions, strategies and inscriptions; and
models, related representations and contexts. The descriptors for each learning trajectory
include a diagram that provides a Structural Overview of the standards and descriptors within
that Learning Target. http://turnonccmath.net/

Using Mnemonic Instruction to Teach Math
This brief illustrates mnemonics that are useful in teaching math facts, order of operations,
measurement, geometry, problem-solving techniques, and other areas of math to students
with disabilities
http://www.k8accesscenter.org/training_resources/documents/Mnemonicinstruction-math-420-05.pdf
Addressing Students with Special Needs
Book Resources
 Designing and Implementing Mathematics Instruction for Students with Diverse Learning Needs by
Pamela P Hudson and Susan Peterson Miller
This exciting new book integrates the explicit teaching practices that have proven effective for
students with disabilities with the NCTM math standards that dominant current mathematics
practices in the United States.

Teaching Learners Who Struggle with Mathematics: Responding With Systematic Intervention and
Remediation (3rd Edition) (Pearson Professional Development) by Helene J. Sherman, Lloyd I.
Richardson and George J. Yard (Apr 23, 2012)
This book is designed for aspiring and practicing teachers who will work or are working with K-6
students in need of remediation and additional math instruction. Addressing the mathematical
concepts students struggle with most, including place value, addition and subtraction of whole
numbers, multiplication, division, fractions, and time and money, this book analyzes the roots
and causes of frequent error patterns in student work and offers implementable solutions for
solving them and teaching lifelong math skills.

Teaching Mathematics to All Children: Designing and Adapting Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse
Learners (2nd Edition) by Benny F. Tucker, Ann H. Singleton and Terry L. Weaver (Jan 15, 2005)
With the composition of today's classroom in mind, this book approaches teaching and
planning elementary mathematics by using methods that accommodate the diverse learning
needs of any student having difficulties with basic math concepts. The authors use personal
experience and research that supports a complete set of developmental concepts and skills to
outline the effective development of mathematical concepts and skills. It stresses lesson
planning that will result in learning, understanding, and retaining important concepts and skills.

Teaching Mathematics to Middle School Students with Learning Difficulties (What Works for SpecialNeeds Learners) by Marjorie Montague and Asha K. Jitendra
A highly practical resource for special educators and classroom teachers, this book provides
specific instructional guidance illustrated with vignettes, examples, and sample lesson plans.
Every chapter is grounded in research and addresses the nuts and bolts of teaching math to
students who are not adequately prepared for the challenging middle school curriculum.
Presented are a range of methods for helping struggling learners build their understanding of
foundational concepts, master basic skills, and develop self-directed problem-solving strategies.
While focusing on classroom instruction, the book also includes guidelines for developing highquality middle school mathematics programs and evaluating their effectiveness.
Web-Based Resources
 Academic interventions for children with dyslexia who have phonological core deficits
The website offers suggested phonological awareness interventions to help children with
dyslexia. http://www.kidsource.com/kidsource/content2/dyslexia.html

Dyslexia Association of the Pennyrile
This website offers insight into the number of laws that can help people with dyslexia and other
learning disabilities get help in school and at work.
http://www.hopkinsvilledyslexia.org/laws.html

Effective Strategies for Teaching Students with Difficulties in Mathematics
Based on meta-analyses of more than 50 studies, this research brief from the National Council
of Teachers of Mathematics reviews six aspects of instruction that have been found to be
consistently effective in teaching students who have difficulties with mathematics: systematic
and explicit instruction, think-alouds, peer-assisted learning, and formative assessment data.
http://www.nctm.org/uploadedFiles/Research_News_and_Advocacy/Research/Clips_and_Brief
s/Research_brief_02_-_Effective_Strategies.pdf

The International Dyslexia Association Promoting Literacy through Research, Education and Advocacy
IThe IDA is a non-profit organization dedicated to helping individuals with dyslexia, their
families and the communities that support them. http://www.interdys.org/index.htm

Intervention Central
Intervention Central provides teachers, schools and district with free academic and behavior
resources to help struggling learners and implement Response to Intervention and attain the
Common Core State Standards. http://www.interventioncentral.org

The Iris Center
Free online interactive resources that translate research about the education of students with
disabilities into practice. Materials cover a wide variety of evidence based topics, including
behavior, RtI, learning strategies, and progress monitoring.
http://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/index.html

Mathematics Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities or Difficulty Learning Mathematics: A
Guide for Teachers
This guide from the Center on Instruction describes seven effective instructional practices for
teaching mathematics to K–12 students with learning disabilities that were identified in the
Center’s synthesis of intervention research, and also incorporates recommendations from "The
Final Report of The National Mathematics Advisory Panel".
http://www.centeroninstruction.org/files/Mathematics%20Instruction%20LD%20Guide%20for
%20Teachers.pdf

The Texas Education Agency's Dyslexia Handbook
The purpose of this handbook of procedures related to dyslexia is to provide guidelines for school
districts, charter schools, campuses, teachers, and parents or guardians in the identification and
instruction of students with dyslexia.
http://www.region10.org/dyslexia/Documents/DyslexiaHandbook11-10-2010.pdf
Intervention Resources for Behavior

Academic and Behavioral Response to Intervention
ABRI is structured to provide state-wide access to support with the emphasis on creating an
infrastructure toward sustainability and capacity building within schools and educational
cooperatives. http://louisville.edu/education/abri

Idea Partnership
Idea Partnership is dedicated to improving outcomes for students and youth with disabilities
through shared work and learning. http://ideapartnership.org

Intervention Central
Intervention Central provides teachers, schools and district with free academic and behavior
resources to help struggling learners and implement Response to Intervention and attain the
Common Core State Standards. http://www.interventioncentral.org

The Iris Center
Free online interactive resources that translate research about the education of students with
disabilities into practice. Materials cover a wide variety of evidence based topics, including
behavior, RtI, learning strategies, and progress monitoring.
http://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/index.html

John Hopkins University Center’s Best Evidence Encyclopedia
The Best Evidence Encyclopedia presents reliable, unbiased reviews of research-proven
education programs to help policy makers, principals, teachers, and researchers in reading,
science, and math. http://www.bestevidence.org

Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
PBIS was established to give schools capacity-building information and technical assistance for
identifying, adapting, and sustaining effective school-wide disciplinary practices.
http://www.pbis.org

Special Connections
This site was developed for general and special education teachers, related service personnel,
para educators, parents and other professionals engaged in the meaningful inclusion of
students with special needs in the general education curriculum.
http://www.specialconnections.ku.edu/

Kentucky Center for Instructional Discipline (KYCID)
The mission of the Kentucky Center for Instructional Discipline (KYCID) is to train and support
schools in the implementation of positive, proactive, and instructional strategies so students
become self-disciplined, responsible, and productive members of their community and ultimately
the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Schools will be encouraged to begin a program when they are
ready and move at their own pace. The center also provides a regional training calendar which will
offer several opportunities for training events to schools, coaches and administrators. The Kentucky
center coordinates efforts with the Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavioral
Interventions and Supports (PBIS) which is out of the Office of Special Education Programs, US
Department of Education in addition to training on Bully Prevention Programs from trainers
certified by the nationally recognized Olweus Program. http://www.kycid.org/