Name:
Date:
Class:
Chapter 10 Study Guide :Digestion & Excretion
Definitions
Chyme-
Villi-
Absorption-
Digestion-
Foodborne Illness-
Excretion-
Nephron-
Dialysis-
Urea-
Peristalsis-
Short Answer
1. List the 3 functions of the digestive system.
2. What are the 2 types of digestion? Provide an example for each.
3. Explain why mechanical digestion is important for chemical digestion.
3. List, in order, the route that food takes up until absorption inside the digestive tract.
4. What specific nutrient is digested in the mouth by amylase?
5. What specific nutrient is digested in the stomach by pepsin?
6. What specific nutrient is digested in the small intestine?
8. What essential process occurs in the small intestine (after carbs, fats, proteins have been
digested)?
9. If nutrients are not digested, nor absorbed, where do they travel, where then they are
eliminated.
10.
What is the valve like structure located in the throat that is used to block food from
traveling to the windpipe?
11.
Why would someone have a more difficult time digesting fats if they had their
gallbladder removed?
.
12.
13.
Explain the role of the large intestine in the digestive system.
Why is fiber important for the health of the digestive system?
14.
Why is the limitation of fats in one’s diet important for the health of the digestive
system?
15.
List 4 ways to prevent foodborne illnesses.
.
16.
Briefly explain the importance of the kidneys in the excretory system.
17
What does the liver do for the excretory system?
18.
Explain how the lungs and skin eliminate wastes from the excretory system.
19.
How are wastes eliminated from the kidneys?
.
20.
List 2 ways of keeping the excretory system healthy.
Name:
Date:
Class:
Chapter 10 Study Guide :Digestion & Excretion
Definitions
Chyme- a thick mixture of food and gastric juices formed in the stomach.
Villi- tiny finger-like projections lining the small intestines that are responsible for absorbing digested
food.
Absorption- the process by which nutrients are absorbed through the lining of the digestive system and
into the bloodstream.
Digestion-the process by which the digestive system breaks down food into molecules the body can use.
Foodborne Illness- an illness that results from consuming a food or drink that contains either a poison or
a disease-causing microorganism
Excretion- the process by which the body collects and eliminates wastes.
Nephron- a tiny filtering unit in the kidney that removes wastes and produces urine.
Dialysis- a treatment for kidney failure in which a machine is used to filter wastes from blood.
Urea- a substance formed in the liver from a waste product of protein breakdown.
Peristalsis- waves of muscular contractions that push food through the digestive system.
Short Answer
1. List the 3 functions of the digestive system.
Digestion, Absorption, Elimination
2. What are the 2 types of digestion? Provide an example for each.
Mechanical Digestion: swallowing, Peristalsis, mixing of food by stomach muscles
Chemical digestion: Chemicals/ enzymes/ break down certain nutrients (amalyse, HCl, bile)
3. Explain why mechanical digestion is important for chemical digestion.
You must have the food travel through the digestive tract where chemicals are released along
the way. If it didn’t move, it wouldn’t break down.
4. List, in order, the route that food takes up until absorption inside the digestive tract.
1. Mouth 2. Esophogus 3. Stomach 4.Small Intestine 5. Large Intestine
5. What specific nutrient is digested in the mouth by amylase?
Carbohydrates //Starches
6. What specific nutrient is digested in the stomach by pepsin?
Protein
7. What specific nutrient is digested in the small intestine?
Fats
8. What essential process occurs in the small intestine (after carbs, fats, proteins have been
digested)?
Absorption
9. If nutrients are not digested, nor absorbed, where do they travel, where then they are
eliminated.
Large Intestine
10.
What is the valve like structure located in the throat that is used to block food from
traveling to the windpipe?
Epiglottis
11.
Why would someone have a more difficult time digesting fats if they had their
gallbladder removed?
They wouldn’t have a lot of bile so fat would be hard to digest. The gallbladder stores
bile.
12.
Explain the role of the large intestine in the digestive system.
The large intestine absorbs the last of the water out of the chyme and some vitamins,
then eliminates wastes.
13.
Why is fiber important for the health of the digestive system?
Fiber helps digestion take place because it breaks down easily.
14.
Why is the limitation of fats in one’s diet important for the health of the digestive
system?
A high fat diet is very hard to break down. Eating a low fat diet helps digestion.
15.
List 4 ways to prevent foodborne illnesses.
1.Clean hands/ area..use papertowels no sponges.2. Cook food thoroughly 3. Chill
food after it’s cooked. 4. Separate food to prevent cross-contamination.
16.
Briefly explain the importance of the kidneys in the excretory system.
The kidneys serve as a filtering system of wastes. Blood enters the kidneys and the
nephrons clean the blood and produce urine by filtering urea and other wastes.
17
What does the liver do for the excretory system?
The liver converts impurities and poisons to less harmful substances like urea.
18.
Explain how the lungs and skin eliminate wastes from the excretory system.
Carbon dioxide is eliminated through your lungs when you exhale. Sweat glands
eliminate water and urea .
19.
How are wastes eliminated from the kidneys?
The kidneys filter urea and other wastes through urination.
20.
List 2 ways of keeping the excretory system healthy.
Drink water , treat infections, low salt diet