1) Human population growth before the 1900s was limited by all of the following EXCEPT
A) primitive medical technology.
B) birth control technology.
C) famines.
D) disease.
E) poor sanitation.
2) The world population is currently about
A) 0.5 billion.
B) 1 billion.
C) 2 billion.
D) 6 billion.
E) 10 billion.
3) Countries are grouped into developed and developing countries primarily on the basis of:
A) geographic location.
B) wealth, income, and degree of industrialization.
C) ethnic make-up.
D) population growth rates.
E) life expectancy.
4) Developing countries account for how much of world population increase today?
A) 1 %.
B) 20 %.
C) 50 %.
D) 98 %.
E) 100 %.
5) Continuing rapid population growth
A) aids economic growth because it creates more workers.
B) aids economic growth because it creates more consumers.
C) aids economic growth because it creates both more workers and consumers.
D) undercuts economic growth.
E) is independent of economic growth.
6)
Crude death rate for a given country is a statistic of
A) total number of deaths per year.
B) number of deaths per 1000 people per year.
C) total numbers of deaths per year regardless of cause.
D) accidental deaths per year.
E) infant mortalit
7 The human population of the world is currently
A) growing at a rate of about 80 million per year.
B) growing at a rate of about 8 million per year.
C) growing at a rate of about 1 billion per year.
D) declining due to decreasing birth rates.
E) declining due to increasing death rates among the poor and elderly.
8) The proportion of the world's human population living in developing countries is
A) 50 percent and declining.
B) 80 percent and declining.
C) 20 percent and growing.
D) 50 percent and growing.
E) 80 percent and growing.
9) Which of the following BEST describes the human population from early times to the
present?
A) slow, steady growth throughout the period.
B) rapid, explosive growth throughout the period.
C) slow, uneven growth until the 1800s, then increasingly rapid growth.
D) wide fluctuations both up and down throughout the period.
E) early rapid growth which has leveled off to a nearly constant rate in the last 20 years.
10) The percentage of the world's wealth controlled by developed and developing countries,
respectively, is
A) 10:90.
B) 20:80.
C) 50:50.
D) 80:20.
E) 90:10.
11) Which of the following best describes world population growth over the last few decades?
A) growth rate has stabilized and population is no longer growing.
B) growth rate has remained the same and population continues to increase.
C) growth rate has declined but population continues to increase.
D) both population growth rate and population has increased.
E) both population growth rate and population had declined.
Total fertility refers to
12)
A) the number of children born in a country during a given year.
B) the average age at which women in a given country become sexually active.
C) the average total number of children born per woman over her lifetime.
D) the number of children who survive to become reproductive adults.
E) the ratio of men to women in a population.
13) The decline in the world population growth rate over the past few decades is primarily due
to:
A) a decline in the world total fertility rate.
B) an increase in the world total fertility rate.
C) an increase in the world death rate.
D) a decline in the world death rate.
E) a balance between the death rate and birth rate.
14) What is replacement level fertility?
A) the total number of children a woman will have over her lifetime.
B) the average fertility rate that just replaces the parents.
C) the population birth rate.
D) the rate of birth that is equal to migration.
E) a birth rate that is larger than the death rate.
A food production practice that leads to increased environmental damage is
15)
A) intensification of cultural practices.
B) land reform.
C) collectivization of agriculture.
D) longer periods between cultivation.
E) changes in land ownership.
16) Recognizing the impact of affluence in developed countries today is complicated by the fact
that:
A) the pollution and resource depletion occur in more distant locations.
B) wastes are discharged into the air and water.
C) all countries are using fossil fuels.
D) some developing countries are becoming more affluent.
E) all countries produce pollution and deplete resources.
17) Demography is
A) the study of human population.
B) the science concerned with mapping.
C) an economic approach to resource consumption.
D) a branch of chemistry concerned with water quality
E) the study of economics
18) A popuulation profile shows:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
standard of living of a group of people.
causes of death.
numbers of people in each age group.
total fertility of a group of people.
population distribution.
19) The population profile of a developing country such as Iraq has the shape of a
A) column.
B) pyramid.
C) pear, large end down.
D) pear, small end down.
E)
inverted pyramid.
.
20) The population profile of a highly developed country such as Italy has the shape of a
A) column.
B) pyramid.
C) pear, small end down.
D) pear, large end down.
E) inverted pyramid.
21) Which of the following would be most useful in determining the elementary school student
population for your community in the next few years?
A) crude birth rate.
B) total fertility rate.
C) crude birth rate and crude death rate.
D) population profile.
E) rate of natural increase.
22) Which of the following is NOT conveyed by a population profile with a columnar shape?
A) the number of elderly with respect to the number of young adults.
B) fertility rate is at replacement level.
C) the number of immigrations and emigrations.
D) the populations is not growing significantly.
Which of the following best expresses the concept of population momentum?
23)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
population growth gets faster over time.
the rate of population growth increases over time.
population will grow regardless of the total fertility rate.
population momentum is always positive.
the impact of the present age structure on future population growth.
the numbers of males and females.
24) Crude birth rate refers to
A) deliveries by natural childbirth methods.
B) average number of births per woman over her lifetime.
C) number of births per 1000 women of childbearing age per year.
D) number of births per 1000 people per year.
E) number of births minus number of deaths per year.
25) Crude birth and death rates enable one to compare
A) the natural increase or decrease of different populations.
B) relative rates of immigration and emigration.
C) the proportions of fertile women of different populations.
D) the causes of deaths of a population.
E) age profiles of different populations.
26) The United States differs from other developed countries in that a major contributor to
population growth is:
A) high life expectancy.
B) high immigration.
C) high emigration.
D) low total fertility rate.
E) low infant mortality.
27) Most developed nations are in what phase of the demographic transition?
A) high birth rate, high death rate.
B) high birth rate, low death rate.
C) low birth rate, high death rate.
D) low birth rate, low death rate.
E) high birth rate, moderate death rate.
28) Which of the following is NOT a problem common to many developing countries?
A) migration to cities.
B) opening new land to agriculture.
C) increasing independence from foreign technology.
D) illicit activities to earn money.
E) impoverished women and children.
29) The average total fertility rate in developing countries is usually in the range of
A) zero or less.
B) 2 or less.
C) 3 to 6.
D) 7 to 10.
E) greater than 10.
30) Which of the following best describes the relationship between infant mortality and average
life expectancy?
A) countries that have low infant mortality have high life expectancy.
B) when infant mortality is high life expectancy is also high.
C) when infant mortality drops, so does life expectancy.
D) infant mortality and life expectancy has increased over the last century.
E) there is no relationship between infant mortality and life expectancy.
31) Replacement migration is:
A) immigration that offsets population decline.
B) immigration that is equal to emigration.
C) immigration that is equal to the total fertility rate.
D) an increase in total fertility rate that equals the immigration rate.
E) immigration that equals the death rate of older age classes.
32) The epidemiological transition refers to a change in the:
A) causes of mortality.
B) birth rate.
C) population growth rate.
D) fertility rates.
E) life expectancy
33) Population growth is most rapid in which phase of the demographic transition?
A) I — primitive stability
B) II — epidemiological transition
C) III — fertility transition
D) IV — modern stability
E)
I and IV
34) Prior to the 1800s the human population was in a dynamic equilibrium exhibiting a general
slow increase in population size. Reasons for this balance included
A) diseases that resulted in high infant mortality.
B) a low birth rate.
C) both birth rate and death rate were very low.
D) each woman would only have one or two children.
E) small family size.
35) In pre-industrial societies population growth was in dynamic equilibrium. Which of the
following was a significant factor of environmental resistance during that time?
A) heart disease.
B) epidemic communicable diseases.
C) cancer.
D) diseases of old age.
E) hereditary diseases.
36) The average standard of living seen in the United States is typical of
A) only the United States.
B) Canada, Australia, and the countries of western Europe.
C) Canada, Australia, the countries of western Europe, and Latin America.
D) Canada, the countries of western Europe, and Asia.
E) most countries of the world.
37) Which of the following is true of the poorest countries in the world?
A) they rely disproportionately on their natural resource base.
B) they have a more equal distribution of land than developed countries.
C) while poor, they have a more equal distribution of income.
D) the percentage of the poor in these countries is about the same as in developed
countries.
E) degree of industrialization is about the same as other countries.
38) In the I = P x A x T model, which of the following best describes the impact of a small
developed population compared to a large developing population?
A) it would be the same.
B) it will always be less.
C) it will always be higher.
D) it would depend on technology and consumption of resources.
E) it would depend on the population size alone.
39) When human population growth exceeds food availability in developing countries, a
common response is that
A) immigration increases.
B) the economy shifts to production of industrial goods.
C) natural ecosystems are cleared and converted to agricultural use.
D) population growth quickly stabilizes.
E) agricultural production declines.
40) Land reform in developing countries pertains to:
A) modernization of agricultural production.
B) intensification of agricultural production.
C) resolving inequities of land ownership and control.
D) introduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
E) migration from rural areas to cities.
41) Poverty and food shortages affect:
A) mostly adult men.
B) mostly women and children.
C) all people equally.
D) only farmers.
E) land owners but not others.
42) Population profiles
A) are graphical depictions of the age, sex, and number of individuals in a population.
B) are used to determine the birth rates of a population.
C) cannot be used to follow a cohort over time.
D) show birth and death rates for a population.
E) show the total fertility rate of a population.
43) Which of the follow statements concerning rapid population growth and economic progress
is correct?
A) the need to provide public services competes for capital that is needed for economic
growth.
B) rapid population growth stimulates economic growth.
C) rapid population growth leads to greater public services and economic growth.
D) rapid population growth stimulates greater public services.
E) growth of public services and economic growth are unrelated.
44) A country which has a crude birth rate of 33 and a crude death rate of 10 is growing at what
percent per year?
A) 43
B) 3.3
C) 23
D) 2.3
E) 4.3
45) Population profiles of a “graying” country would most likely show:
A) a shift in the ratio of men to women.
B) an increase in the percentage of older people.
C) a decrease in the percentage of older people.
D) a decrease in the median age.
E) an increase in the percentage of younger people.
:
46) In the demographic window, economic development is possible because:
A) the lower dependency ratio frees up capital for economic growth.
B) of assistance from the World Bank.
C) of a larger number of children.
D) of a lower infant mortality
E) population growth.
47) Which of the following is true of the status of women in developing countries?
A) lack of education and discrimination limit economic opportunities for women.
B) women are given equal opportunities in education and employment.
C) women are not interested in further education or employment.
D) women are better educated than men.
E) lack of education does not limit economic opportunities for women.
48) Old age support in developing countries is:
A) generally not important as most people work their entire lives.
B) provided by government pension (social security) programs.
C) provided by individual savings.
D) usually provided by adult children.
E) foreign aid
49) Family-planning agencies working in developing countries generally provide all of the
following services EXCEPT
A) counseling on limiting family size.
B) counseling on overcoming infertility problems.
C) abortions.
D) birth control materials.
E) birth control information.
50) The World Bank is NOT
A) a special agency of the United Nations.
B) a recipient of deposits made by developed countries.
C) a maker of loans to developing countries.
D) a great influence on how development occurs.
E) oriented strictly to environmentally sound issues.
51) Countries with the highest fertility rates
A) are the developed countries.
B) provide opportunities for women's education and careers.
C) lack an infrastructure where contraceptives are readily available.
D) have good health care systems.
E) have government “safety nets” such as old age support.
52) Which of the following improvements in health care would contribute most directly to
reducing fertility rates in developing countries?
A) greater access to surgical treatments.
B) better treatment of heart disease.
C) construction of centralized hospitals.
D) maternal health care
E) cancer therapies.
53) The goal of family planning is to:
A) reduce total fertility rate to replacement rate.
B) limit population growth to a low percent growth rate.
C) limit reproduction to a level the government thinks is best.
D) enable people to plan their own family size.
E) keep the population stable.
54) The approach to economic development of Grameen Bank is to fund projects that:
A) develop natural resources.
B) develop cash crops for export.
C) are status symbols and give pride to developing countries.
D) enhance income opportunities for the poor.
E) address population growth.
55) The program to control population growth in China
A) uses incentives and penalties.
B) has produced insignificant results so far.
C) was judged immoral and quickly abandoned.
D) has achieved its goals in a single generation.
E) was applied equally to both rural and urban populations.
56) Which of the following is true of Kerala’s population experience?
A) population stabilization cannot be achieved until a country fully industrializes.
B) population stabilization cannot occur without government restrictions on
reproduction.
C) population can stabilize before full industrialization.
D) it is unlikely that populations in developing countries will stabilize.
E) population growth in Kerala is about the same as India as a whole.
57) The ratio of non-working population to the working age population is called the:
A) dependency ratio.
B) total fertility rate.
C) demographic transition.
D) social security.
E) demographic window.
58) As fertility declines, a “window of opportunity” for economic development opens up
because of a decline in the:
A) dependency ratio.
B) total fertility rate.
C) rate of natural increase.
D) number of working age adults.
E) number of elderly
59) Which of the following is true of children in developing countries?
A) they can contribute to family income even at an early age.
B) they cost more than they contribute to family income.
C) the costs of rearing children are never recovered.
D) large numbers of children reduce the dependency ratio.
E) children do not figure in to later old age support.
60) Which of the following is NOT now considered essential to break the cycle of poverty and
population growth in developing countries?
A) increased loans for development projects.
B) improved basic education, especially for girls.
C) improved health, especially to reduce infant mortality.
D) greater availability of contraceptives.
E) overall enhancement of income.
61) All of the following would contribute to declines in fertility rates EXCEPT:
A) availability of social programs to care for the elderly.
B) low rates of infant mortality.
C) mandatory childhood education.
D) opportunities for higher education.
E) use of children in farm work.
62) The debt crisis in developing countries today has had an adverse impact on the environment
primary through:
A) greater use of fossil fuels.
B) increased exploitation of natural resources for quick cash.
C) a cutback on government social services.
D) a shift from staple crops to cash crops.
E) a reduction in children’s “helping hands” in food production.
63) The percentage of the world’s population that is living in absolute poverty today is about:
A) 1 %
B) 2 %
C) 5 %
D) 20 %
E) 60 %
64) Which of the following would contribute directly to social modernization?
A) increase per capita income.
B) development of new contraceptives.
C) improving literacy and education of girls and women.
D) shift from staple crop production to cash crops.
E) more intensive exploitation of natural resources.
65) Which of the following is NOT now considered essential to break the cycle of poverty and
population growth in developing countries?
A) increased loans for development projects.
B) improved basic education, especially for girls.
C) improved health, especially to reduce infant mortality.
D) greater availability of contraceptives.
E) overall enhancement of income.
66) Which of the following is true concerning the role of education in economic development?
A) it contributes to the overall wealth of developing countries.
B) it is benefits men but not women.
C) it benefits women but not girls.
D) there is a greater need for education of men than women.
E) education is expensive and the benefits are questionable.
67) The leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa today is:
A) infant mortality.
B) diarrhea.
C) AIDS.
D) civil war.
E) death during childbirth.
68) Which of the following would be a likely result of the loss of young adults due to AIDS in
developing countries?
A) an increase in life expectancy.
B) a change in the dependency ratio.
C) an increase in the rate of natural increase.
D) a decrease in the number of orphans.
E) an increase in food production.
69) How does AIDS affect the population profile of developing countries?
A) all population age groups equally.
B) primarily older age groups.
C) primarily young adults.
D) children.
E) children and older age groups.
70) Which of the following is the most important benefit of community based tree planting
projects in developing countries?
A) most people enjoy forests.
B) it rebuilds a natural resource that will enhance income of the poor.
C) it develops a resource for export.
D) it will be of value to future generations.
E) trees have many uses.
71) Decline in the total fertility rate in developing countries is most strongly correlated with
increased:
A) contraceptive use.
B) government old age support.
C) per capita income.
D) infant mortality.
E) dependency ratio.
72) A criticism of past World Bank funded projects is that:
A) they did not always lead to greater environmental protection.
B) they never contributed to economic development.
C) the interest on loans was below market rates.
D) funds came from a number of contributing countries.
E) only governments could apply for loans.
73) A major and easily treated cause of infant death in developing countries today is:
A) AIDS.
B) heart disease.
C) diarrhea.
D) cancer
E) birth defects.
74) Which of the following statements about the incidence of AIDS worldwide is correct?
A) it is about the same in developing and developed countries.
B) it is higher in developed countries.
C) 90 % of the cases are in developing countries.
D) it is a minor cause of mortality in developing countries.
E) it is a disease of adults and cannot be transmitted to children.