EPC Exhibit 136-12.1
February 14, 2013
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
Dewey Section
To:
Caroline Kent, Chair
Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee
Cc:
Members of the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee
Karl E. Debus-López, Chief, U.S. General Division
From: Rebecca Green, Assistant Editor
Dewey Decimal Classification
OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.
Via:
Michael Panzer, Editor in Chief
Dewey Decimal Classification
OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc
Re:
004-006 Computer science: Updates
Expansions
005.56
Information filtering systems
621.988
Additive manufacturing equipment
To identify current computer science topics that need to be accommodated in the DDC, the following
investigation was undertaken:

Records in WC/BIB were located by searching for :yr=2010-2013 and (:dd=004* or :dd=005* or
:dd=006*). From these records LCSH were identified; main headings appearing 5 or more times
in that set and without a corresponding LCSH mapping or parallel Relative Index term were
retained for further investigation.

LCSH created or changed in 2012, retrieved by :me=(data* or comput* or network* or program*
or internet* or web*) were identified. Those whose corresponding DDC number cannot be
easily identified on the basis of a qualifier within the heading were retained for further
investigation.

Topics in articles on computing trends (e.g., IEEE Computer Society: 13 Top Trends for 2013
[http://www.computer.org/portal/web/membership/13-Top-Trends-for-2013]) were reviewed.

Of the topics identified, some are not considered in this exhibit because:
1
o They are dealt with in other exhibits (EPC 136-12.2 Natural computing; EPC 136-12.3
Digital media and communications; or EPC 136-12.4 Digital content, media, and device
types).
o Their literary warrant is insignificant.
o They are only tangentially related to 004–006; however, if in a closely related area, they
are included here.

Of the remaining topics,
o Some can be treated adequately with mappings alone. While we do not normally include
indexing issues in EPC exhibits, we do here to inform EPC of topics we are responding to
and to elicit other topics needing to be addressed.
o Some call for the addition of notes in the 004–006 development and elsewhere.
Indexing
The table below gives proposed DDC class numbers for indexing/mapping of Relative Index headings or
LCSHs:
Heading
Multicore/Multi-core processors/processing
SIMD (Computer architecture)
MIMD computers
Phase change memory
Wireless sensor networks
Ad hoc networks (Computer networks)
WC count1
RI/LCSH
> 65 (kw)
18
52
36
2819
1040
RI
LCSH
LCSH
LCSH
LCSH
LCSH
25
LCSH
91
LCSH
DDC
number(s)
004.35
004.35
004.35
004.568
004.6
004.6;
621.3821
004.6;
621.3821
004.62; 006.78
182
9
RI
LCSH
004.678
004.68
EO
EO
153
73
7
RI, LCSH
LCSH
LCSH
004.77
005.1
005.1
PE, EO
EO
EO
Adaptive routing (Computer network
management)
Simple Object Access Protocol (Computer
network protocol)
Internet of things
Body area networks (Electronics) (new in
09/2012)
Haptic devices
Software product line engineering
Modeling languages (Computer science) (new in
08/2012)
EO/PE
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
Searches of form :su=“xxx”; this includes searches on 653 (Index Term—uncontrolled) fields. If listed as RI,
search may have included only main heading.
1
2
WC count1
RI/LCSH
Microsoft .NET Framework
3747
LCSH
Common Language Runtime (Computer science)
Requirements engineering—computer science—
software
Requirements analysis—computer science—
software
Domain-specific programming languages
Microsoft Visual studio
Web-based user interfaces
iOS (Electronic resource)
Parallelizing compilers
Recommender systems (Information filtering)
Information filtering
Big data
Query languages—computer science
Anomaly detection (Computer security)
Penetration testing (Computer security)
Rootkits (Computer software)
Embedded Internet devices
Microcontrollers
Intelligent personal assistants (Computer
software) (new in 05/2012)
Boosting (Algorithms) (new in 12/2011)
Explanation-based learning
Supervised learning (Machine learning)
Microblogs
Tweeting
Web applications
Query languages
Query languages—information science
Linked data
Web of data
Webometrics
Networks on a chip
32
1312
LCSH
RI
97
RI
99
1130
133
539
24
215
406
38
711
83
83
25
47
953
4
LCSH
LCSH
LCSH
LCSH
LCSH
LCSH
RI
LCSH
RI, LCSH
LCSH
LCSH
LCSH
LCSH
RI, LCSH
LCSH
9
97
168
57
142
446
25
LCSH
LCSH
LCSH
LCSH
RI
LCSH
RI
006.31
006.31
006.31
006.752
006.752
006.78
025.04
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
138
123
132
175
RI
RI
LCSH
LCSH
025.0427
025.0427
025.0420721
621.381531
PE
EO
EO
EO
Heading
2
DDC
EO/PE
number(s)
005.1 [relocated
EO
from 006.7882]
005.1
EO
005.12
EO
005.12
005.13
005.268
005.438
005.446
005.453
005.56 (new)
005.56 (new)
005.7
005.741
005.8
005.8
005.84
006.22
006.22
006.3
PE
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
PE, EO
EO
The search :su=tweets or :ti=tweets or :ti=tweeting retrieves 305 records in WorldCat. Tweeting (Microblogs) and Tweets
(Microblogs) are 450s for the LCSH Microblogs.
3
The search :ti=“web of data” retrieves 91 records in WorldCat.
3
Heading
WC count1
RI/LCSH
118
65
66
383
RI
RI
RI, LCSH
LCSH
Additive manufacturing
3D printing
Three-dimensional printing
Human-robot interaction
DDC
number(s)
621.988 (new)
621.988 (new)
629.8924019
EO/PE
PE
EO
PE, EO
EO
Notes

To make clear how informatics in a specific subject area should be treated, “informatics” should
be added to the class-here note and a scatter class-elsewhere note should be added at 004 and
020. (We currently include mappings for Medical informatics and Nursing informatics. We
propose to add mappings for Bioinformatics and other informatics LCSHs with sufficient literary
warrant.)
004
Computer science
Class here data processing; selection and use of computer hardware; electronic
computers; electronic digital computers; computer systems (computers, their
peripheral devices, their operating systems); cyberinfrastructure; central processing
units; computer reliability; informatics; interactive, online processing; mobile
computing; comprehensive works on hardware and programs in electronic data
processing
Class computer modeling and simulation in 003.3. Class computer applications in a
specific subject with the subject, plus notation 0285 from Table 1, e.g., computer
applications in banking 332.10285; class informatics of a specific subject with the
subject, plus notation 0285 from Table 1, e.g., bioinformatics 570.285
For computer programming, programs, data, see 005; for special computer
methods, see 006; for engineering, manufacture, repair of computers, see 621.39.
For a specific aspect of mobile computing, see the aspect, e.g., handheld
computing devices 004.167, wireless communications 004.6, mobile operating
systems for handheld computing devices 005.446;
See also 025.04 for automated information storage and retrieval; also 303.4834
for computers as a cause of social change; also 343.0999 for computer law; also
364.168 for financial and business computer crimes; also 371.334 for computerassisted instruction (CAI); also 658.05 for data processing in management; also
794.8 for computer games
See Manual at 004–006 vs. 621.39; also at 004 vs. 005; also at 510, T1—0151 vs.
004–006, T1—0285
4
020
Library and information sciences
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
Class here archival science; informatics
Unless other instructions are given, observe the following table of preference, e.g.,
administration of cataloging in academic libraries 025.3068 (not 025.1977 or 027.7):
Reading and use of other information media
Operations of libraries, archives, information centers
(except 025.1)
Administration of physical plant
Personnel management
Administration
Relationships of libraries, archives, information centers
Libraries, archives, information centers devoted to
specific subjects
General libraries, archives, information centers
028
025
022
023
025.1
021
026
027
Class information theory in 003.54; class government policy on libraries in 021.8;
class government policy on information in 338.926. Class informatics of a specific
subject with the subject, plus notation 0285 from Table 1, e.g., bioinformatics
570.285
For bibliography, see 010
See also 651.5 for records management as a managerial service

To clarify any doubt, we propose adding multicore processors to the class-here note at 004.35
Multiprocessing.
004.35
*Multiprocessing
Including systems analysis and design, computer architecture, performance
evaluation; array processing, associative processing, dataflow computation
Class here cluster computing, massively parallel supercomputers, parallel
processing; multicore processors
Class comprehensive works on associative processing and memory in 004.5;
class programming for multiprocessor computers in 005.275

The mapping for “Haptic devices” (devices providing tactile feedback) could profitably be
reinforced by adding the topic to the including note at 004.77.
5
004.77
*Output peripherals
Including monitors (video display screens), printers; haptic devices
Class output peripherals that utilize computer sound synthesis in 006.5; class
computer graphics output devices in 006.62
See also 005.43 for monitors (software control programs); also 005.18 for
monitors (firmware control programs)

The standard way of talking about analysis of a user’s problem is currently missing from the
description at 005.12 and should replace the current discursive description of the topic.
(Requirements analysis is a 450 to the LCSH Requirements engineering, even though
“requirements analysis” retrieved half as many again hits in a Google search.)
005.12
†*Software systems analysis and design
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
Class here analysis of a user’s problem preparatory to developing a software
system to solve it; requirements analysis

If the LCSH Domain-specific programming languages is mapped to 005.13 (as is proposed), a
scatter see reference should be added there to draw off specific instances of such languages to the
task they address; 005.13 is likely to be used only as the comprehensive number for this subject.
005.13
†*Programming languages
Including application generators, nonprocedural (declarative) languages, text
editors specially designed to assist in coding programs
Class here coding of programs
Class comprehensive works on text editors in 005.52
For programming languages devoted to a specific task, see the task, e.g.,
relational database programming languages 005.756
See also 005.434 for job control languages

Information filtering systems remove unwanted information from the information being pushed
to a user; recommender systems are a specific type of information filtering system. A WorldCat
search for :su="information filtering" and (:dd=004* or :dd=005* or :dd=006*) retrieves 70 hits,
of which the vast majority are for Recommender systems (Information filtering). An expansion
at 005.56 for Information filtering systems is proposed, where interdisciplinary works on
information filtering systems should be classed; information science aspects of information
filtering systems should be classed in 025.04. (Related changes to 025.04 incorporated with
additional changes under segment for query languages / 005.741.)
6
005.56
Information filtering systems
Including recommender systems
Class here interdisciplinary works on information filtering systems
For information science aspects of information filtering systems, see 025.04

Big data has become a big topic. The idea is almost certain to remain, but the expression “big
data” may not persist. Therefore, in addition to mapping the LCSH Big data to 005.7, we
propose to add a class-here note there with a descriptive expression of the topic. (We will also
add indexing for “Data sets” and “Datasets” to 005.7.)
005.7
*Data in computer systems
Class here high-volume data sets
For data security, see 005.8
See Manual at 005.1 vs. 005.3

Query languages have sufficient literary warrant to call for explicit mention in the schedules.
The most appropriate comprehensive number in computer science is 005.741, but query
languages associated with specific database models should be classed with the model. The most
appropriate comprehensive number in information science is 025.04; this is also the more
appropriate interdisciplinary number (consistent with 025.04 being the interdisciplinary number
for databases; see further additions for 025.04 on subsequent pages).
005.741
*File organization and access methods
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
Including hashing, merging, search algorithms, search trees, sort
algorithms, sorting; comprehensive works on query languages
Class interdisciplinary works on query languages in 025.04
For query languages for a specific database model, see the model,
e.g., relational database query languages 005.756
Data file formats relocated to 005.72
7
025.04
Information storage and retrieval systems
Including recall, precision, relevance
Class here search and retrieval in information storage and retrieval systems;
front-end systems; comprehensive works on online catalogs integrated with
information storage and retrieval systems, on automated storage, search,
retrieval of information, on information filtering systems; interdisciplinary
works on databases, on query languages
Class interdisciplinary works on information filtering systems in 005.56. Class
aspects of information storage for specific types of retrieval systems with the
aspect for the type of system, e.g., mark-up languages for web retrieval
systems 006.74, record formats for bibliographic retrieval systems 025.316
For computer science aspects of information storage and retrieval
systems, of databases, see 005.74; for computer science aspects of query
languages, see 005.741; for information storage and retrieval systems,
bibliographies of web sites, digital libraries devoted to specific subjects,
see 025.06. For a specific kind of information storage and retrieval
system, see the kind, e.g., online catalogs 025.3132
See also 658.4038011 for management use of information storage and
retrieval systems
See Manual at 025.04, 025.06 vs. 005.74

Wireless sensor networks are often used in the context of embedded systems. However, aspects
of embedded systems are drawn off by the scatter see reference at 006.22 Embedded computer
systems. We propose to add wireless sensor networks as an example to that note and also to add
sensor networks in an including note at 004.6.
The processing units used in embedded systems are often microcontrollers (“a small computer on
a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output
peripherals”). That is, microcontrollers are often the embedded computers in an embedded
computer system. In that sense, they are not just an aspect of an embedded computer system, to
be drawn off by the scatter see reference. This is made clear by adding a class-here note for
microcontrollers there.
8
004.6
*Interfacing and communications
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
Including sensor networks
Class here data communications; internetworking, interoperability; wired
communications, wireless communications; interdisciplinary works on computer
communications
Class data, programs, programming in interfacing and communications in 005.7;
class security measures in interfacing and communications in 005.8
For interdisciplinary works on telecommunication, see 384; for social aspects
of computer communications, see 302.231; for economic and related aspects
of providing computer communications to the public, see 384.3
See also 004.36 for distributed processing
See Manual at 004.6
006.22
*Embedded computer systems [formerly 004.1]
Class here microcontrollers
For a specific aspect of embedded computer systems, see the aspect, e.g.,
systems analysis and design of embedded computer systems 004.21,
wireless sensor networks 004.6, software for embedded systems 005.3

“Linked data” should be added to the class-here note at 025.0427:
025.042 7
Semantic web
World Wide Web structured for semantic computing
Class here linked data
9

Works on 3D printing have been classed in Dewey numbers from at least ten different sections.
Although this process uses the terminology of printers and printing, Dewey numbers for printing
assume textual output; they are not appropriate in the least. The LCSH authority record for
Three-dimensional printing gives Rapid prototyping as a broader term, but this is only one use of
3D printing. We choose instead to treat 3D printers as fabricating equipment (in the class-here
note at 621.9 Tools) and propose an expansion under 621.98 Pressing, impressing, molding
equipment.
Given the previous confusion in classifying this topic, we should consider whether the addition
of other notes is called for. For the truly lost, see-also references for three-dimensional printing
could be added at the following numbers:
o 004.77 Output peripherals (“Including . . . printers”)
o 005.12 Software systems analysis and design (the LCSH “Rapid prototyping” has been
mapped here)
o 620.0042 Engineering design (the LCSH “Rapid prototyping” has been mapped here)
o 681.62 Printers and printing presses
o 686.2 Printing (the interdisciplinary number for printing)
Or we could assume that the provision of RI terms for 3D printing, Three-dimensional printing,
and Additive manufacturing will be sufficient, on the assumption that people would start
classifying works on this subject by visiting the Relative Index.
621.98
Pressing equipment, impressing equipment, molding equipment, additive
manufacturing equipment
Standard subdivisions are added for pressing, impressing, molding, additive
manufacturing equipment together; for pressing equipment alone
621.988
Additive manufacturing equipment
Class here three-dimensional printers
10