Chapter 2: Macronutrients and the Food We Eat
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A macronutrient is a substance that yields
a. Metabolizable energy
b. Carbohydrate
c. Fat
d. Protein
e. All of the above
2. The principal energy-yielding molecule that drive reactions inside cells is
a.
ASF
b.
ATP
c.
STP
d.
NSF
e.
TAG
3. The predominant metabolic process in animals is
a. ATP
b. Aerobic
c. Mitochondrial
d. Proton pump system
e. All of the above
4. In principle, the maximum yield of ATP from 1 molecule of glucose is
a. 4 kcal
b. 17 kJ
c. 9 kcal
d. 38 kJ
e. 36 molecules
5. Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate?
a. Glucose
b. Fructose
c. Galactose
d. Sucrose
e. None of the above
6.
Which of the following is NOT a simple sugar?
a.
Amylose
b.
Glucose
c.
Lactose
d.
Sucrose
e.
Fructose
7. The relative increase (and over time) in blood glucose levels after eating a food is called its
a. Insulin index
b. Cephalic phase
c. Caloric yield
d. Glycemic index
e. Diabetes quotient (DQ)
8. A food that contains an imbalanced protein means
a. It is not nutritionally good to eat
b.It will not yield and adequate protein-to-calorie ratio
c. It does not contain enough of one or more essential amino acids
d.It is non-digestible
e. Its amino acid chains are branched asymmetrically
9.
According to the text, the evidence that ____ are more “heart healthy” than ____ fatty acids is
controversial.
a. Unsaturated; saturated
b. Saturated; unsaturated
c. MUFA; PUFA
d. PUFA; MUFA
e. Essential; non-essential
10. You calculate that your basal metabolic rate is 1,200 kcal/day. You expend 300 kcal/day in light
exercise, and you eat 2,400 kcal/day. Assuming that all excess energy is turned into fat,
APPROXIMATELY how long will it take you to gain 5 kilograms (~11 pounds)?
a. 1 week
b. 3 weeks
c. 7 weeks
d. 15 weeks
e. One year
11. After gaining the weight in Q #10, with the same BMR, you go on a strict 1,200 kcal/day diet
and increase your exercise to a remarkable 900 kcal/day. Assuming all the weight loss comes
from fat, approximately how long will it take you to lose the 10 pounds?
a. 1 week
b. 3 weeks
c. 7 weeks
d. 15 weeks
e. One year
12. Mineral deficiency often gives rise to _____ symptoms; only _____ seems to have a specific
taste-guided appetite
a. General; sodium
b. General; phosphate
c. Specific; potassium
d.
e.
13.
Specific; calcium
Anemic; iron
My lunch today consists of 85 grams starch, 15 grams protein, and 22 grams fat. The
total number of kcal is approximately __ and protein is approximately ___of the total.
a. 200; 10%
b. 400; 10%
c.
600; 10%
d.
800; 15%
e.
1000; 15%
14. Energy expenditure over a long period of normal activity is best measured using
a. A sensitive whole body calorimeter
b. Doubly labeled water
c. Measuring oxygen consumption
d. Looking up the energy cost of each activity and taking an average
e. A treadmill with variable resistance/speed
15. What is “essential” about an essential nutrient?
a. It tastes so good
b. It is innately programmed to be preferred
c. It cannot be made in the body
d. It is essential to fuel mitchondria
e. It is essential for the citric acid cycle
16. The international unit in which food energy is most usually expressed is the
a. kilometer (km)
b. kilocalorie (kcal)
c. foie gras
d. kilojoule (kJ)
e. digestible energy (DE)
17.
In aerobic glycolysis, one citric acid cycle yields about how many molecules of ATP?
a. 3
b. 4.2
c. 30
d. 300
e. 3,000
18. The Harris-Benedict equations for estimating energy expenditure take into account:
a. sex
b. weight
c. height
d. all of the above
e. activity level
19. The principal stored form of starch found in animals is
a. cellulose
b. glucose
c. fructose
d. glycogen
e. disaccharide
20. Which of the following is not a method to measure or estimate energy expenditure?
a. genetic screening
b. oxygen consumption
c. calorimetry
d. doubly labeled water
e. Harris-Benedict equation
Answers: 1-a; 2-b; 3-b; 4-e; 5-e; 6-a; 7-d; 8-c; 9-a; 10-c; 11-c; 12-a; 13-c; 14-b; 15-c; 16-d; 17-c; 18d; 19-d; 20-a.
SHORT ANSWER:
21. What is BMR, and is it a useful concept? Compare the strengths and weaknesses of (at least
two) methods for measuring actual metabolic rate.
22. “High fat diet is bad for you.” Based on what we have covered so far, discuss the scientific
merits (and/or de-merits) of this statement