BIOL 211 SI, Molly
Dr. Serb and Dr. Raich
EXAM 1 REVIEW (9/16/14)
Protists
Biologists study protists for many reasons, which includes a) medicinal information. b) ecological information. c) finding interest in them. d) All the above
The primary purpose of a vector is to a) bite another organism. b) transmit disease. c) be a host to a pathogen. d) outnumber the protists.
The diverse group of organisms that include all eukaryotes except the land plants, fungi, and animals is called _____________. a) Vectors b) Protists c) Plasmids d) Chimeras
Protists live in a variety of environments, one of which is: a) Aquatic environments b) Damp environments c) Body tissues, fluids, and cells of host organisms d) All the above
A plankton is any small organism that drifts in the open oceans or lakes. When the plankton produces its own energy from light, it is called _________________. a) Photoplankton b) Heteroplankton c) Autoplankton d) Phytoplankton

Protists are multicellular organisms that are more complex than any other cell in the human body. a) True b) False
Primary producers a) Produce chemical energy by photosynthesis. b) Are at the top of the food web. c) Produce almost all the carbon dioxide that is fixed on Earth. d) None of the above.
The “Red Tide,” a population explosion of organisms and toxins, is produced by _____________, a type of primary producer. a) Cray fish b) Dinoflagellates c) Spiders d) Sea tuna
Protists are needed in the environment because they a) Kill all organisms they encounter. b) Are highly abundant and are exactly the same. c) Can be found in only a few environments. d) None of the above.
Prokaryotes
The two main types of cells are prokaryotes and eukaryotes. What is the main difference between the two? a) Prokaryotes are bigger than eukaryotes. b) Eukaryotes are found in more diverse environments than prokaryotes. c) Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus; eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus. d) None of the above

A(n) ___________________ is a type of bacteria and archaea that live in extreme habitats such as saturated salt reservoirs, pH’s less than 1.0, and hydrothermal vents. a) Eukaryote b) Extremophile c) Pathogen d) Antibiotic
Bacteria and archaea are both prokaryotes, and are very similar. Which of the following is a characteristic of both bacterial and archaeal cells? a) Multicellular b) Contain a membrane-bound nucleus c) Look very different d) Are two of the oldest domains of life
An organism that obtains its energy through light is called ________________. a) Phototroph b) Chemotroph (chemoorganotroph) c) Chemolithotroph d) None of the above
An organism that obtains its energy through organic molecules is called __________________. a) Phototroph b) Chemotroph (chemoorganotroph) c) Chemolithotroph d) None of the above
An organism that obtains its energy through organic molecules is called ____________________. a) Phototroph b) Chemotroph (chemoorganotroph) c) Chemolithotroph d) None of the above
Virulence is the ability to resist disease. a) True b) False

Often times, prokaryotes obtain extra-chromosomal DNA that come from a pathogenic organism. This extra DNA is called: a) Biofilm b) Plasmid c) Primary producers d) Endosymbiosis
Sexual reproduction in prokaryotes results in: a) Recombination of genetic material b) Identical sets of genetic material c) All the above d) None of the above
________________ is a type of asexual reproduction that results identical twins. a) Transformation b) Conjugation c) Transduction d) Binary Fission
A biofilm is a common habitat among organisms. a) True b) False
Bacteria and archaea are very important to biologists for many reasons, including a) Antibiotic production b) Learning new causes of disease c) Decomposition d) All the above e) None of the above

Eukaryotes
Compared to prokaryotes, eukaryotes are larger, have a nucleus, have membrane bound organelles, and have a _________________. a) Flagella b) Cytoskeleton c) Cell wall d) Microvilli
Bacteria is more closely related to Eukarya than Archaea to Eukarya. a) True b) False
Prokaryotes evolved around _______ BYA (billion years ago), but eukaryotes evolved _______ BYA. a) 2.1; 3.5 b) 3.5; 2.1 c) 1.5; 7.2 d) 7.2; 1.5
The idea that eukaryotic cells came from smaller prokaryotes is called: a) Introsymbiosis b) Endosymbiosis c) Protosymbiosis d) Eukaryosymbiosis
Primary endosymbiosis is when one small cell inserts itself in another larger cell. Secondary endosymbiosis happens when that larger cell inserts itself into an even larger cell. What type of organism demonstrates secondary endosymbiosis? a) Chloroplasts b) Plants c) Mitochondria d) None of the above

What is the importance of a host cell? a) A pathogen’s way of transportation b) Allows a pathogen to spread its DNA c) Gives microbes a home d) All the above
Theories
Which theory describes cells being the fundamental units of living organisms? a) Theory of Natural Selection b) Cell Theory c) Endosymbiont Theory d) Fundamental Theory
Charles Darwin’s ____________________ states that all species are related by a common ancestor. a) Morphological Theory b) Postulates c) Endosymbiont Theory d) None of the above
Which of the following is part of Koch’s Postulates? a) Microbes must be present in individuals suffering from the disease and absent from healthy individuals. b) The organism must be isolated and grown in pure cultures away from the host organism. c) If organisms from the pure culture are injected into a healthy experimental animal, the disease symptoms should appear. d) Organisms should be isolated from the diseased experimental animal, again grown in pure cultures, and demonstrated to be the same as the original organism. e) All the above f) None of the above
The Germ Theory states that infectious diseases are passed on from one organism to another through the transmission and growth of certain bacteria and viruses. a) True b) False

The Endosymbiont Theory helps support the idea of: a) The formation of large cells through cytoskeleton and the in folding of the membrane. b) Host cells are genetic chimeras (mixtures) of the bacterial DNA and nuclear DNA. c) The small cell invaded the larger cell, creating primary and secondary endosymbiosis. d) All the above.
Cells
One of the four chemical similarities among all cells is carbohydrates. Carbohydrates function in: a) Storing energy b) Being the building blocks of enzymes c) Storing information d) Protein production
Use the picture below for the next two questions.
What is number 9 pointing to? a) Nucleolous b) Mitochondria c) Golgi bodies d) Centriole
This organelle functions in lipid synthesis. What number is it? a) 8 b) 1 c) 13 d) 7

The four structural similarities of all cells are: one or more chromosomes, ribosomes, double-layer plasma membrane, and cytoplasm. a) True b) False
No matter what type of cell, they all have the same characteristics, which include: a) DNA b) Ribosomes c) Plasma membrane d) Cytoplasm e) All the above f) None of the above
Metabolic Diversity
A(n) ___________ synthesizes its own compounds, while a(n) ______________ consumes the compounds from other organisms. a) Heterotroph; autotroph b) Pathogen; host cell c) Host cell; pathogen d) Autotroph; heterotroph
What are the products of photosynthesis? a) Water b) Sugar (energy) c) Oxygen d) All the above e) None of the above
During the Oxygen Revolution, no free oxygen existed in Earth’s atmosphere for the first 2.3 billion years of its history. What was the first organism to produce oxygen and change the atmosphere from oxygenfree to oxygenated? a) Red algae b) Cyanobacteria c) Chloroplasts d) Rhizobium

Why can’t most organisms use the nitrogen found in the air and ground? a) Prokaryotes use it all before any other organism has a chance. b) There’s a triple bond between two nitrogen molecules that is virtually impossible to break. c) Organisms don’t need nitrogen. d) None of the above.
The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, absorption of materials through the membrane, and release of nutrients is called decomposition. a) True b) False
Tree of Life
There are 5 characteristics all living organisms have to have. Which of the following is not one of them? a) Replication b) Energy c) Cells d) Cell wall
Given the Tree of Life below, answer the following two questions.

The highlighted part of the tree is monophyletic. a) True b) False
The base of the highlighted portion is a ___________, which is a common ancestor. a) Node b) Prokaryote c) Lineage d) None of the above

The division of organisms into categories and placing them in a hierarchy is called: a) Taxonomy b) Binomial nomenclature c) Phylogeny d) Characterizing
Binomial nomenclature has two rules associated with it. What are they? a) Only the genus is capitalized and only the species is italicized. b) Only the genus is capitalized and italicized. c) Both the genus and species are italicized, but only the genus is capitalized. d) Both the genus and species are italicized, but only the species is capitalized.
Scientific Method
In science, hypotheses are always _________. a) Proven b) Disproven
There are certain criteria required for an experiment to be conducted. Which of the following is not a requirement? a) Conditions are controlled b) There are 2 different control groups c) Experiments must be repeated to verify results d) All the above are requirements
The two-step method to conduct research includes observation and analysis. a) True b) False