Name: _____________________
Date: _________________
Class Hour: ___________________
Protein Synthesis Test
mRNA strand: CUCAAGUGCUUC
_____ 1. Use the strand of mRNA above. Which of the following would represent the
strand of DNA that the mRNA strand was made from?
a) CUCAAGUGCUUC
c) GAGTTCACGAAG
b) GAGUUCACGAAG
d) AGACCTGTAGGA
_____ 2. Using the chart above, which of the following is the series of amino acids
encoded by the piece of mRNA shown above?
a) ser-tyr-arg-gly
c) leu-lys-cys-phe
b) val-asp-pro-his
d) pro-glu-leu-val
_____ 3. Use the strand of mRNA above. What sequence of anticodons would
complement it?
a) GAG-UUC-ACG-AAG
c) CUC-GAA-CGU-CUU
b) GAG-TTC-ACG-AAG
d) CUU-CGU-GAA-CUC
______4. What happens when the ribosome encounters a UGA codon?
a) no more RNA is made
c) no more protein is made
b) no more DNA is made
d) tryptophan is added
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_____ 5. What do codons of mRNA code for?
a) stop signals for the ribosomes
b) start codon for the ribosomes
c) amino acids
d) all of these
_____ 6. During _____, amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA molecules.
a) translation
c) replication
b) transcription
d) synthesis
______ 7. Which of the following is true about a mutation that adds an additional
nucleotide?
a) They have no effect on the protein
b) They are more damaging if they occur at the end of the gene
c) They will change every amino acid after the mutation
d) They involve the substitution of one base for another
_____ 8. What are the nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to
codons?
a) amino acids
c) protein
b) DNA
d) anticodon
______9. What are the enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed
DNA template bases during transcription?
a) replicases
c) helicases
b) RNA polymerases
d) DNA polymerases
_____10. Which of the types of RNA carries the instructions for making proteins?
a) mRNA
c) tRNA
b) rRNA
d) all of them
______11. What are proteins made of?
a) nucleotides
b) amino acids
c) codons
d) bases
______12. What are molecules of RNA composed of?
a) amino acids
b) fatty acids
c) monosaccharides
d) nucleotides
______13. What does RNA stand for?
a) ribonucleic acid
b) riboxy nucleic acid
c) ribonitrogenous acid
d) nucleus
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_____ 14. Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA?
a) synthesize DNA
c) make ribosomes
b) synthesize mRNA
d) transfer amino acids to ribosomes
_____ 15. What happens during transcription?
a) proteins are synthesized.
c) RNA is produced
b) DNA is replicated.
d) translation occurs.
Follow the directions for the following strand of mRNA.
mRNA: AUG GCG AAU CGA
16. Translate the strand._________________________________________________
17. If there was a mutation and the strand was now AUG CCG AAU CGA, what is the
new translated strand?______________________________________________
18. If there was a different mutation from the original strand AUG GGC GAA UCG A,
what would be the new translated strand? ______________________________
19. Which mutation (#17 or #18) is more harmful to the individual? Why?
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_______20. Which of these drugs would inhibit (prevent) translation in the bacteria?
a. Arildone
c. Sulfonamides
b. Polymyxins
d. Aminoglycosides
21. What is another drug that would inhibit (prevent) translation? Explain your
answer.
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22. Match the parts in the diagram with the correct label.
_____ RIBOSOME
_____ MESSENGER RNA
_____ ANTICODON
_____ AMINO ACID
______ CODON
______ TRANSFER RNA
______ PROTEIN
Explain the diagram and how translation works by using the 7 words listed above in
your explanation. UNDERLINE these 7 words.
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23. Fill in the boxes above with the following terms: Protein, DNA, RNA, transcription,
translation
24. Complete the following chart
amino acid
anticodon
codon
DNA sequence
GGU
AAA
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25. What process does the picture to the
right show? Cite one piece of evidence
from the image to support your answer.
26. Scientists have found that there are redundant codons that code for amino acids.
How does this help protect against harmful mutations?
27. Compare and contrast replication and transcription.
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28. What are two things that are similar about the structure of the DNA and RNA
molecule?
29. What are three things that are different about the structure of the DNA and RNA
molecule?
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