AMAJUBA
DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
PROFILE
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.
4.
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
5.
6.
7.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Overview
Municipalities within the District
Political and Administrative Leadership and Seat of District
Political Representation
SERVICE DELIVERY
Household Infrastructure
Sanitation
Water
Electricity
Refuse Removal
Service Provider
AUDIT OPINIONS
STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ASSESSMENT
Overview of findings on assessment in the Municipality
Governance
Financial Management and Viability
Service Delivery
INFRASTRUCTURE PRIORITIES IN TERMS OF THE MUNICIPAL
TURN-AROUND STRATEGY
MIG PROJECTS
VULNERABILITY CLASSIFICATION
2
3
4
4
6
6
6
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
11
11
11
13
15
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Amajuba District Municipality is predominantly urban with almost 60% of
households located in urban areas. The largest concentration of people occurs in the
Newcastle-Madadeni-Osizweni area. Income levels in the district are generally low.
Unemployment has increased substantially to about 26.46%
The economy was historically focused on coal mining but many collieries have closed.
Due to the decline in mining, local economic development has been forced to refocus.
The manufacturing sector is the main employer but is concentrated in Newcastle
Municipality.
About 64% of households in the district have piped water either inside the home or
inside the yard. About 49.6% of households have flush toilets that are connected to a
sewerage system of some type. Amajuba district has the second highest access to
infrastructure amongst the districts in the province. However, an overview of household
access to infrastructure in the district shows a slight improvement from 66% in 1996 to
67% in 2009. A downward trend can be observed in access to electricity in the district.
In 1996, household access to electricity connections was at a high level of 72%. Access
has, however, decreased over the years and by 2009, it was at 61%.
Amajuba District municipality and two of the local municipalities have improved their
audit outcomes over time to a financially unqualified with other matters opinion.
Newcastle municipality was the only municipality to still receive a qualified opinion in
2009/10.
Amajuba District Municipality has been identified in the KwaZulu-Natal State of Local
Government Assessment as one of the councils that did not seem to perform any
oversight function and were also experiencing serious service delivery challenges.
In terms of its Municipal Turn-Around Strategy the Amajuba District Municipality
identified the limited access to funding for infrastructure development, as well as
inadequate policies and bylaws, poor reporting and poor implementation of agreements.
As the municipality is not providing electricity, engagement is required with Eskom to
address energy challenges.
None of the local municipalities in the Amajuba District have been classified as in the
category of most vulnerable by DCoG in terms of functionality, socio-economic profile
and backlog status, but two of the three local municipalities are classified in the second
most vulnerable grouping.
This profile confirms that infrastructure prioritisation in the Amajuba District should focus
on sanitation, especially the funding to eradicate the backlog.
3
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview1
Amajuba District Municipality, located in the northwestern corner of KwaZulu-Natal,
comprises three local municipalities: Newcastle, Dannhauser and Utrecht. The
population of Amajuba District Municipality is 447 768. Over seventy percent of the
population are below the age of 34. The municipality is predominantly urban with almost
60% of households located in urban areas. The largest concentration of people occurs
in the Newcastle-Madadeni-Osizweni area.
Income levels in the district are generally low. Unemployment has increased
substantially to about 26.46%. Factors that may have contributed to this include the
following:
•
•
•
•
•
Workers retrenched in big cities would have returned home to Amajuba;
Many mines in the area have been closed;
The labour force has grown as many young people completed their education;
Mechanisation and growth in the services sector have occurred;
Some people living with HIV/AIDS have become incapacitated and are unable to
continue with their jobs.
The economy was historically focused on coal mining but many collieries have closed.
The manufacturing sector is the main employer but is concentrated in Newcastle
Municipality (90% of manufacturing employment is found there). The social services
sector is the second most important employer, providing about 22% of employment
opportunities. Farming predominates in Dannhauser Municipality with activities such as
cattle farming, dairy farming and maize growing being prominent. Coal mining remains
the main economic activity in Utrecht Municipality, which provides 68% of mining
employment opportunities in the district. Due to the decline in mining, local economic
development has been forced to refocus. The municipality has embarked on an
ambitious initiative whereby Utrecht is being marketed as ‘a town within a game park’.
About 64% of households in the district have piped water either inside the home or
inside the yard. About 49.6% of households have flush toilets that are connected to a
sewerage system of some type. Only 20% of households have no access to electricity.
Fifty-nine percent of households receive a weekly (or other) refuse removal service from
the municipality.
The following areas of growth potential have been identified:
•
•
Battlefield development and Amajuba Tourism Route;
Creation of the Midway Meander;
Source: Gaffney’s, November 2009: Local Government in South Africa 2009 – 2001, Official Yearbook:
p 741 - 742
1
4
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Development of tourism opportunities around the proposed Ncandu River Dam;
Development of dams along the Buffalo River catchment, which will open up large
portions of the tribal areas for irrigation;
Development of the old casino complex into a 2010 base camp;
Further development of the Balele Nature Reserve at Utrecht;
Development of the eMadlangeni Fly-fishing Meander;
Development of the proposed Dunblaine Golf Estate;
Development of a proposed residential estate at the Newcastle Golf Course;
Development of an agricultural hub that will be linked to the Dube Trade Port;
Development of opportunities along the MR483 Corridor linking the CBD to
Madadeni and Osizweni;
Implementation of the Urban Renewal Programme in the Newcastle CBD;
Development of a new mall adjacent to the new casino;
Development of housing projects as part of the implementation of the housing
plans for the three local municipalities;
Establishment of SEDA Amajuba;
Development of the Amajuba Hydroponic Techno Park;
Identification of Newcastle as an industrial development zone;
Development of the following areas of agricultural potential:
-
Dairy: Further development of the diary industry to focus on the export of milk,
cheese, powdered milk, yogurt and fruit juices;
Soya: Processing of soya to create bio-diesel and soya meal;
Vegetables: Specialised production of vegetables through the use of tunnels;
Beef: Feedlot development;
Dams: Identification of sites for storage to increase irrigable land and further
develop the above.
Tourism has the potential to play an important role in the economy. Gauteng Province
and Durban are the major domestic tourism markets for the district, with overnight stays
popular with travellers from these areas. Tourist attractions include historic buildings,
factory tours, flyfishing, hunting, art routes, abseiling, hiking, adventure camps,
battlefields, organised bird-shooting, museums, 4 x 4 trails, nature reserves, craft
shops, bird-watching, gaming, horseback adventures, golf courses, legal street races
and festivals such as the Amajuba Winter Festival.
Amajuba District Municipality contains battlefields from a variety of conflicts, including
the Anglo-Zulu War, the South African War and the First War of Independence (1880–
81).
A number of hiking trails have also been developed in the district such as the
Bushmankrans, Eikenhof, Fort Mistake, Holkrans, Hunter’s Valley Game Ranch, Majuba
Mountain Resort and Ncandu trails. The Amajuba Birding Meander is also a very
popular tourist attraction. It gives bird-watchers easy access to most of the wonderful
birds found in the region. These include ground woodpeckers, cranes, harriers and
5
kestrels. The creation of the Midway Meander has been proposed. This will build on the
existing Amajuba Birding Meander and the battlefields routes.
1.2
Municipalities within the Amajuba District
The details of the three local municipalities within the District are tabled below:
Table 1: Statistics of the Amajuba District and Local Municipalities
Municipalities within the
District
Area (km2) after 2011
Area (km²)
Local Govt Elections
in 2009
& % change
No. of
Households
Population
Poverty
Rate
Amajuba District Municipality
6,910.52
6,910.52
-
447,768
102,309
19.09%
Dannhauser Local Municipality
1,515.91
1,515.91
-
92,500
18,283
72.01%
Emadlangeni Local Municipality
Newcastle Local Municipality
3,539.32
1,855.29
3,539.32
1,855.29
-
23,548
331,719
5,274
78,752
56.80%
56.36%
1.3
Political and Administrative Leadership and Seat of the District2
Political Leadership: Executive Mayor: Ms J Khumalo
Administrative Leadership: Acting Municipal Manager: Ms Z Ndlovu
The head office of the District is located in Newcastle.
1.4
Political representation3
Table 2: Local Government Election 2006 / Provincial and National Elections 2009
comparison:
Leading
Parties in
the
Elections
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Local Government Elections 2006
Party
Party Votes
Ward Votes
and %
and %
ANC
IFP
DA
ACDP
Other
Totals
33,478
28,773
6,765
1,256
8,418
78,690
42.5%
36.6%
8.6%
1.6%
10.7%
100%
32,720
28,606
6,496
1,035
9,807
78,664
41.6%
36.4%
8.3%
1.3%
12.5%
100%
Councillor Seats
Party
Seats
ANC
IFP
DA
10
9
3
2
1
25
FEDCON
Other
Totals
Provincial Elections 2009
Party
Votes and %
National Elections 2009
Party
Votes and %
ANC
IFP
DA
FF/VF
Other
ANC
IFP
DA
COPE
Other
%
40.0%
36.0%
12.0%
8.0%
4.0%
100%
93,420
33,940
8,004
1,272
5,014
141,650
66.0%
24.0%
5.7%
0.9%
3.5%
100%
2
Source: Amajuba DM; August 2011
3
UPDATE Aug'09: DC40 seats – ANC (40%) 4 seats, IFP (40%) 4 seats, DA (10%) 1 seat, FC (10%) 1 seat, Total 10 DC40 seats
6
99,173
29,323
8,940
1,300
5,525
144,261
68.7%
20.3%
6.2%
0.9%
3.8%
100%
Figure 1: 2011 Local Government Election results and seat allocations:
The ANC is the leading party in terms of proportional DC40 Seats in Amajuba, with 5
seats of 10 seats. The ANC and the NFP forms a coalition government in the District.
7
2.
SERVICE DELIVERY4
2.1
Amajuba District Municipality Household Infrastructure
Household Infrastructure Overview
KZN - DC25 Amajuba District Municipality
0.70
0.68
0.66
Index
0.64
0.62
0.60
KZN - DC25…
South Africa
0.58
0.56
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: IHS Global Insight Regional eXplorer version 574
Amajuba district has the second highest access to infrastructure amongst the districts in
the province. However, an overview of household access to infrastructure in the district
shows a slight improvement from 66% in 1996 to 67% in 2009. A downward trend in
access from 2007 can be seen on the graph above.
2.2
Sanitation
With regard to access to sanitation, the district municipality’s household access to
hygienic toilets has gone up slightly from a higher level of 61% in 1996 to 64% in 2009.
The slight improvement in access to sanitation in general in the Municipality is mainly
due to the increase in the use of pit latrines with ventilation.
2.3
Water
There are higher levels of access to piped water in the district. Access to piped water
above RDP level increased from 68% to 74% from 1996 to 2009. Similarly, there has
4
Sources: IHS Global Insight Regional eXplorer version 574 and Municipal Demarcation Board, 2008:
National Report on Local Government Capacity, District and Local Municipalities, MDB Capacity
Assessment, 2007/2008.
8
been a slight increase as well in access to piped water below RDP level. Only 10% of
the households do not have access to this service.
2.4
Electricity
A downward trend can be observed in access to electricity in the district. In 1996,
household access to electricity connections was at a high level of 72%. Access has,
however, decreased over the years and by 2009, it was at 61%.
2.5
Refuse removal
Access to formal refuse removal service in the district has been higher (almost 60%)
since 1996. By 2009, some of the formal refuse removal services in the district were,
however, removed by the community. While this is the case, personal refuse removal
stayed the same over the years.
2.6
Service provider
Amajuba district does not have authority and does not perform the electricity reticulation
function. The district, however, has authority and performs potable water and sanitation
functions. The district has no authority and is not performing the refuse removal, refuse
dumps and solid waste disposal function.
3.
AUDIT OPINIONS
Table 3: Audit Opinions of the District and Local Municipalities
Municipality
Audit
Opinion
2005/6
Qualified
Audit
Opinion
2006/7
Qualified
Audit
Opinion
2007/8
Qualified
Audit
Opinion
2008/9
Qualified
Dannhauser
LM
Disclaimer
Disclaimer
Disclaimer
Qualified
Newcastle
LM
Qualified
Qualified
Qualified
Emadlangeni
LM
Qualified
Disclaimer
Financially
unqualified
with other
matters
Disclaimer
Amajuba DM
Qualified
Audit
Opinion
2009/10
Financially
unqualified
with findings
Financially
unqualified
with findings
Qualified
Financially
unqualified
with findings
Source: Auditor-General 2009 and 2011, see. www.agsa.co.za
In 2005/6 and 2006/7 Amajuba district and its four locals failed to secure clean audit
results. In 2007/8 Newcastle was the only municipality to receive a financially
9
unqualified audit outcome. Amajuba district, Dannhauser and Emandlangeni all
obtained financially unqualified audit results following qualified audit opinions in 2008/9.
4.
STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ASSESSMENT
4.1
Overview of findings on assessment in the municipality
Amajuba District Municipality was one of 24 councils that did not seem to perform any
oversight function and should be supported to implement the oversight role. The
Provincial Report states that the lack of Councillor Oversight has emerged as the single
most contributing factor to poor governance and service delivery. A large number of
Councillors appear not to appreciate the nature and importance of their oversight role
and the administration seem to ignore the need for oversight due to the administrative
and accountability implications it will have for them.
Twenty municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal, including Amajuba District Municipality, were
experiencing serious service delivery challenges. The Provincial Report was of the view
that the allocation of powers and functions between the different categories of
municipalities is impeding service delivery. This factor, coupled with the lack of
adequate funding and objective prioritisation of needs, appear to be the major factors
giving rise to service delivery challenges.
Emadlangeni Local Municipality and Newcastle Local Municipality were identified in the
KwaZulu-Natal State of Local Government Assessment as two of 19 municipalities that
recorded serious challenges in most of the focus areas and should therefore be
prioritised for immediate intervention.
4.1.1 Governance
Emadlangeni Local Municipality and Newcastle Local Municipality were two of 17
municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal affected by political instability. The Provincial Report
lists a number of causes of political instability including: the lack of understanding and
adherence to the roles and responsibilities of political office bearers, interference in
council matters from the regional and provincial political structures, a lack of
deliberations on matters in council, domination of some councils by politically powerful
administrations, power struggles between political office bearers from same party and a
lack of communication and public participation frameworks creates environment for
uncoordinated interaction with community.
Emadlangeni Local Municipality is among the nine municipalities in KZN that require
immediate support to improve their public participation processes. Some of the
challenges that the identified municipalities are facing include: lack of stakeholder
consultation; no structured public participation framework; lack of delivery of services;
Ward Committees being political rather than service delivery oriented; and there is a
need to clarify roles and functions of CDWs.
10
All three local municipalities (Emadlangeni, Dannhauser and Newcastle) are part of 24
councils that do not seem to perform any oversight function and should be supported to
implement the oversight role. The Provincial Report states that the lack of Councillor
Oversight has emerged as the single most contributing factor to poor governance and
service delivery. A large number of Councillors appear not to appreciate the nature and
importance of their oversight role and the administration seem to ignore the need for
oversight due to the administrative and accountability implications it will have for them.
Newcastle Local Municipality was identified as one of 5 municipalities that have serious
challenges in cooperative governance, including poor working relations with the district
municipality.
4.1.2 Financial Management and Viability
Emadlangeni is also one of 30 municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal that are facing serious
financial management challenges. The Provincial Report lists some of these concerns,
including: poor financial planning, inadequately skilled staff appointed, lack of proper
financial controls, poor financial competencies of elected representatives, and
unemployment and poverty had a negative effect on credit control and income. There is
also a general perception that councils are not transparent when it comes to financial
policies and activities and that the reason for this is to hide their corrupt practices from
the public.
4.1.3 Service Delivery
Twenty municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal, including, Newcastle and Emadlangeni are
experiencing serious service delivery challenges. The Provincial Report is of the view
that the allocation of powers and functions between the different categories of
municipalities is impeding service delivery. This factor, coupled with the lack of
adequate funding and objective prioritisation of needs, appear to be the major factors
giving rise to service delivery challenges.
5.
INFRASTRUCTURE PRIORITIES OF THE MUNICIPAL TURN-AROUND
STRATEGY
The Amajuba District Municipality identified a number of priorities on basic service
delivery in the Amajuba Municipal Turn-Around Strategy.
Table 4: Infrastructure delivery in terms of the MTAS
Challenges
Water
Sanitation
Electricity
Limited access
to funding for
infrastructure
development
Unforthcoming
outcome of
MEC's
investigation
No visible role
played by the
ADM in
electricity supply
11
Refuse removal
and solid waste
disposal
Inadequate
and/or lack of
bylaws as well
as engagement
Inadequate
and/or lack of
water services'
policies and
bylaws
Nonimplementation
of WSA/WSP
Agreement
regarding the
securing of funds
Non reporting on
current
implemented
capital projects
by uThukela
Water leading to
difficulties in
decision making
Municipal
Actions
Engineering
department to
engage DBSA
and other
relevant sector
departments
regarding
attraction of
additional
funding.
Arrangement for
the development
and urgent
review of water
policies and bylaws be also
attended as a
matter of
urgency
It was agreed
that uThukela
water as an
entity have a
responsibility to
seek/explore and
relating to
Danhauser
sanitation
projects
within its
jurisdiction
with LMs
Raising of funds
to conduct
studies
Lack of funds to
finance planned
eMadlangeni
sanitation
projects
Limited funds to
eradicate
sanitation
backlog
Business plan for
the eradication of
sanitation
backlog was
approved for
Danhauser area,
but
implementation
was suspended
due to an
investigation by
MEC,
engineering
deptment to fasttrack
investigation
findings.
Engineering
department is
currently
finalising
business plan for
eMadlangeni
It is
recommended
12
ADM to develop
strategies and
plans that will
look at
alternative
sources of
energy e.g. solar
panels
ADM to engage
ESKOM and
DME regarding
the provision of
electricity within
ADM area of
jurisdiction
Relevant forum
to deal with
electrification to
be established at
a district level
ADM must
urgently engage
Newcastle
Municipality on
waste
management
issues as this is
a shared service
between these
Municipalities
ADM to assist all
Local
Municipalities in
identifying and
fast tracking the
review and
preparation of
by-laws
ADM to take the
lead in
establishing the
regional waste
facilities
secure funding
for the
implementation
of water capital
projects as per
WSA/WSP
agreement.
A detail report to
council regarding
ADM capital
projects currently
being
implemented by
uThukela water,
in order to
assess whether
ADM should take
over the
implementation
thereof
that other
sources of
funding be
identified as a
matter of
urgency eg
DBSA and other
related sector
departments
Others
6.
ESKOM to
provide planning
information.
MIG PROJECTS5
Table 5: MIG projects
Municipality
Project name
Newcastle
LM
Asiphephe/MAD
4 Link Road
and Bridge
(AFA) MIS
190352
JR 1 Roads and
Stormwater
(AFA) MIS
191396
JR 4 Road and
Stormwater
(AFA) MIS
MIG funds
Actual expenditure
in the 2010/11
financial year
Project status
(Registered/design/
tender/constructio
n)
Project category
(e.g. water,
sanitation, PMU)
R 20,554,405.54
R 7,226,848.08
Construction
Road & Stormwater
R 9,686,449.21
R 6,607,503.76
Construction
Road & Stormwater
R 3,536,502.36
R 1,663,864.37
Construction
Road & Stormwater
5
According to the June 2011 monthly non-financial report on Municipal Infrastructure Grant, KwaZulu-Natal has
not adopted the new format of reporting on MIG projects. As a result, it becomes a challenge to track the
implementation of MIG projects in that province.
13
Dannhauser
LM
Emandlange
ni LM
173582
Osizweni Urban
Access Road
Phase 1 (AFA)
MIS 190613
Osizweni Urban
Access Road
Phase 2
Viljoenpark Bulk
Services
Dickshalt
Township
Roads
Madadeni
Urban Access
Roads Phase 1
(AFA) MIS
191302
Staffordhill
Waterborne
Sewage Phase
3
Mndozo Urban
Roads and
Stormwater
MadadeniJohnstown Link
Road
PMU
Rural Roads
Phase 2
Verdriet
Community Hall
Rural Roads
Phase 3
Dannhauser
Bus Ranking
System
Ward 9
Community Hall
Buffalo Flats
Water Supply
Scheme Phase
2
Buffalo Flats
Water Supply
Scheme Phase
3
Rehabilitation of
Emadlangeni
Rural Roads
Emxhakeni
Creche Ward 3
Bensdorp Agri
Village Creche
Ward 2
Khayaletshu /
North Hill
Gravel Road Rehabilitation
Fencing Utrecht
R 36,975,201.22
R 10,750,862.89
Construction
Road & Stormwater
R 14,250,000.00
R 2,652,344.51
Registered
Road & Stormwater
R 81,340,000.00
R 13,440,497.92
Construction
Water
R 20,318,058.92
R 1,340,458.32
Construction
Road & Stormwater
R 43,379,479.45
R 10,805,201.86
Construction
Road & Stormwater
R 18,032,230.00
R 1,076,538.31
Construction
Sanitation
R 57,868,065.00
R 3,430,165.11
Construction
Road & Stormwater
R 6,075,000.00
R 3,611,279.91
R 1,009,077.22
Design & Tender
Road & Stormwater
Other
R 11,400,000.00
R 1,029,797.49
Construction
R 2,954,940.52
R 1,893,905.57
Construction
Road & Stormwater
Multi purpose
community halls
R 25,000,000.00
R 8,725,564.12
Construction
Road & Stormwater
R 2,360,291.72
R 830,041.76
Construction
R 3,300,000.00
R 272,276.55
Design & Tender
Bus Shelters
Multi purpose
community halls
R 34,800,553.00
R 5,110,626.34
Construction
Water
R 83,517,981.00
R 30,521,436.89
Construction
Water
R 9,292,500.00
R 247,535.84
Completed
Road & Stormwater
R 725,000.00
R 696,135.05
Completed
Child care fac
R 725,000.00
R 699,949.03
Completed
Child care fac
R 6,225,000.00
R 4,421,250.00
R 88,404.53
R 848,224.93
Registered
Construction
Road & Stormwater
Fencing
14
(Emadlangeni)
Municipal
Services
Kwalembe
Kempslust
Access Road
Rehabilitation
Ward 1
R 2,250,000.00
Emxhakeni Gravel Access
Road
Rehabilitation
R 1,576,934.10
Hoogenoeg
Gravel Road
(Ward 3)Rehabilitation
R 4,026,000.00
Amawela
Gravel Road
(Ward 1)Rehabilitation
R 3,214,860.00
Ezihlabathini
(Kwa-Nzima)
Gravel Road Rehabilitation
(Ward 1)
R 3,336,997.50
Enchuba Pedestrian
Bridge Ward 2
(Bloem /
Klopper)
R 1,065,672.00
PMU
Source: All MIG projects, June 2011
R 1,668,700.88
Completed
Road & Stormwater
R 78,058.08
Design & Tender
Road & Stormwater
R 53,027.76
Registered
Road & Stormwater
R 62,687.27
Design & Tender
Road & Stormwater
R 375,822.64
Construction
Road & Stormwater
R 22,443.75
R 301,786.33
Design & Tender
Road & Stormwater
Other
Newcastle local municipality has more projects about roads and stormwater and most
are at a construction phase. Like in Newcastle, Emandlangeni has a large number of
roads and stormwater projects of which some have been completed. The June 2011
non-financial report on MIG states that Amajuba and its locals did not submit their June
MIG reports.
7.
VULNERABILITY CLASSIFICATION
The DCoG Municipal Spatial Classification System was designed to develop municipal
profiles according to spatial location, based upon results from indicator sets on
functionality, socio-economic profile and backlog status. Its purpose is to inform a
differentiated approach to municipalities.
The four municipal classifications developed by DCoG are:
Class 1: Most vulnerable (57 local municipalities)
Class 2: Second most vulnerable (58 local municipalities)
Class 3: Second highest performing (58 local municipalities)
Class 4: Highest performing (58 local municipalities)
The three local municipalities in the Amajuba District can be classified as follow:
15
Table 6: Vulnerability Classification
Local Municipality
Dannhauser
Emadlangeni
Newcastle
Classification
Second most
vulnerable
Second most
vulnerable
Second highest
performing
From this table it is evident that none of the local municipalities in the Amajuba District
fall into the most vulnerable category, but that two of the three local municipalities are
classified in the second most vulnerable grouping.
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