ADELAIDE HILLS COUNCIL
ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT PLAN
Revised November 2010
AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
FORWARD
One of the roles of the Adelaide Hills Council is that of manager of the land under its
ownership or control. As a Local Government Body, it has a responsibility, in
partnership with the local and wider community, to prepare and implement strategies to
achieve a sustainable future for this land.
The Council now experiences an ever-increasing scrutiny of the way it treats the
environment. Today society is presented with a range of choices about how and why
land is managed. A steady multitude of strategies from ‘landcare’, ‘catchment
management’, ‘farmcare’, ‘watercourse rehabilitation’, ‘nature conservation’ and
‘sustainable development’ programs offered over the last twenty years or so, guides the
way we behave as custodians of our land.
Council acknowledges the community’s demand for an increased awareness and
commitment to sustainable environmental management by both staff and its elected
body.
The maintenance and provision of a safe network of road reserves is one aspect of
Council’s land management that is constantly influenced and challenged by a broad
range of stakeholders.
The Council has created and implemented its Roadside Vegetation Management Plan,
to accommodate the wide range of values, and uses the community expects or desires
for the network of road reserves in the Adelaide Hills.
Since its initial development in 2000 this plan has provided the required guidance and
confidence in managing our roadside vegetation. The review of this document in 2010
ensures that it remains relevant to our changing environments.
This Plan is designed to help to negotiate conflict resolution; help give confidence to staff
and others who work on road reserves so that sound environmental practice is used;
and most importantly that a consistent regional approach to road reserve management is
adopted.
I commend the efforts of staff, Councillors and committees who have guided the
development and implementation of this comprehensive document.
I am confident that the Plan’s clear policies, directions and operational guidelines
provides Council and the Community with a solid foundation for practical and sustainable
management of its road reserves for future generations.
Bill Cooksley
Mayor
ADELAIDE HILLS COUNCIL
November 2010
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
1 INTRODUCTION
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1.1 THE ADELAIDE HILLS COUNCIL DISTRICT
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1.2 POLICIES & GUIDELINES
1.2.1 Background
1.2.2 Development of Policy for Council
1.2.3 Development of “Best Practice Methods’” for Roadside Management
1.2.4 Roadside Vegetation Audit and Strategy
1.2.5 Unmade Road Reserves
1.2.6 Community Participation
1.2.7 Staff and Community Training Needs/ Community Education and Awareness
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1.3 THE DOCUMENT
1.3.1 Review and Reporting
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1.4 POLICY CONTEXT
1.4.1 Statutory Obligations
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1.5 OBJECTIVES
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1.6 ROAD RESERVE CLASSIFICATION
1.6.1 Vegetation classification
1.6.2 Strategic Wildlife Corridors
1.6.3 Additional Sites of Special Significance
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2 CONSERVATION VALUES
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2.1 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
2.1.1 Site Specific Management
2.1.2 Remnant Vegetation
2.1.3 Conservation of existing roadside remnants
2.1.4 Native Grasslands and Grassy Woodlands
2.1.5 Wetlands
2.1.6 Threatened species
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2.2 WILDLIFE
2.2.1 Wildlife Corridors
2.2.2 Wildlife Habitat
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2.3 ROADSIDE MARKING - ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE
2.4 UNMADE ROAD RESERVES
3 LANDCARE VALUES
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3.1 REHABILITATION AND REVEGETATION
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3.2 SITE REHABILITATION
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3.3 COLLECTION OF SEED AND PROPAGATION MATERIAL
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3.4 CODE OF PRACTICE - COLLECTION AND PROPAGATION
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3.5 WEEDS AND PEST ANIMALS
3.5.1 Weeds
3.5.2 Exotic Pasture Grasses
3.5.3 Declared Pest Plants
3.5.4 Approval Procedures - Pest Plants
3.5.5 Environmental Weeds/ Community Pest Plants
3.5.6 Pest Animals
3.5.7 Declared Pest Animals
3.5.8 Invertebrate Pests
3.5.9 Approval Procedures - Pest Animals
3.5.10 Pesticides
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3.6 LANDHOLDER ACTIVITIES
3.6.1 Apiculture
3.6.2 Cropping
3.6.3 Fences
3.6.4 Grazing
3.6.5 Movement of Livestock
3.6.6 Ploughing or Grading of Firebreaks
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4 FUNCTIONAL VALUES
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4.1 ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND ROAD MAINTENANCE
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4.2 WORKSITE REHABILITATION
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4.3 VEHICLE AND MACHINERY ACTIVITY
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4.4 STORMWATER & DRAINAGE – EROSION & SEDIMENTATION CONTROL
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
4.5 SERVICE PROVISION
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4.5 STOCKPILES, DUMP SITES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
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4.6 VEGETATION REMOVAL
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4.6.1 Legal and Moral Obligations
4.6.2 Planning for Works
4.6.3 Clearance Envelopes for Construction & Maintenance
4.6.4 Hazardous Vegetation
4.6.5 Operational Techniques
4.6.6 Disposal of Material
4.6.7 Weeds
4.6.8 Training
4.6.9 Mistletoe
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4.7 HARVESTING PLANT MATERIAL
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4.8 FIREWOOD COLLECTING AND TIMBER HARVESTING
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4.9 LAND SUBDIVISIONS / ROADWAY ACCESS
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4.10 BUSHFIRE PREVENTION
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5 LANDSCAPE, HERITAGE AND RECREATIONAL VALUES
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5.1 VISUAL AMENITY AND LANDSCAPE VALUES
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5.2 CULTURAL AND HERITAGE VALUES
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5.3 WAYSIDE STOPS
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5.4 ROADSIDES ABUTTING CONSERVATION LANDS
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5.5 PLANTING ON ROADSIDES
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5.6 HORSE RIDING
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5.7 OFF-ROAD VEHICLES
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6 TOWNSHIPS & STREETSCAPES VALUES
6.1 STREETSCAPES
7 APPENDICES
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7.1 Glossary
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7.2 LEGISLATION AFFECTING MANAGEMENT OF ROAD RESERVES
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7.3 LEGISLATION AND ROLES OF RESPONSIBLE BODIES
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7.3.1 Native Vegetation Act 1991 & Native Vegetation Council
7.3.2 Environment Protection Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
7.3.3 Adelaide Hills Council and Local Government Act
7.3.4 DTEI (Department Transport Energy And Infrastructure)
7.3.5 Planning SA
7.3.6 Adelaide And Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management
Board and the South Australian Murray Darling Basin Natural
Resources Management Board
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7.4 AHC WEED CONTROL WAIVER
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7.5 COUNTRY FIRE SERVICE
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7.6 TABLE 1: NATIVE VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION/CATEGORISATION
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7.7 TABLE 2: NATIVE VEGETATION FUNCTIONAL ROAD CLASSIFICATION
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7.8 ROADSIDE MARKER SYSTEM
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7.9 SIGNIFICANT VEGETATION & LANDSCAPE REGISTER
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7.10 BUSHLAND INVASIVE PLANTS - PROPERTIES & ROAD RESERVES
AHC DISTRICT
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7.11 PEST PLANTS WITHIN THE ADELAIDE HILLS COUNCIL DISTRICT 2005
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7.12 AHC APPLICATION TO REVEGETATE ROAD RESERVE
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7.13 ROADSIDE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT PLAN - ANNUAL REPORT
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
1 INTRODUCTION
Local government is responsible for most of the roads throughout South Australia and
must make decisions, in consultation with other authorities, on appropriate management
for each road. The linear nature of the road reserves combined with conflicts over
roadside use makes it a complex area to manage. Note: The term “roadside” implicitly
incorporates “unmade roads”.
Initially established to provide a route from one place to another, roads have since
evolved to encompass a range of activities. Service corridors for electricity, drainage,
sewage and communications are usually located within the road reserve.
Road reserves are now also highly valued for their vegetation and contribution towards
flora and fauna conservation. Because of large-scale land clearing for agriculture in
rural areas, roadsides often support the only remaining remnant vegetation. Current
demands for land division and urban settlement continue to erode patches of native
vegetation. As a consequence, this remnant vegetation has become an important
environmental asset. Protecting and enhancing this asset while maintaining the other
functions of road reserves can be difficult.
The Adelaide Hills Council has a network 1,453 kms of made roads comprising 251 kms
of sealed state roads - Department of Transport Energy and Infrastructure (DTEI), 587
kms of sealed council roads and 459 kms of unsealed roads. Approximately 150 kms of
road reserve remain undeveloped. The majority of road reserves are 20 metres wide (or
one chain). This narrow width has significant implications for roadside vegetation
management.
A working party established by the Adelaide Hills Council helped prepare the Road
Reserve Management Plan (Edition 2005). The representatives were as follows:
Cr Kate Thomson Councillor, Mount Lofty Ward
John Riggs Manager, Conservation & Land Management
Ian Binney Manager Works
Glenn Williams Natural Resources Officer
Brian Irvine Senior Planner
The framework for the plan was based on the draft document prepared by the
Alexandrina Council, jointly assembled by David Cooney, Natural Resources Officer,
Alexandrina Council and Glenn Williams, Natural Resources Officer, Adelaide Hills
Council.
The plan addresses a broad range of issues involved in road reserve management
throughout the district and sets up procedures whereby future conflicts can be
reconciled.
This Roadside Vegetation Management Plan has been prepared for council-controlled
road reserves throughout the Adelaide Hills Council district. Although DTEI has
management plans for the construction and maintenance of its network of main roads,
the care and maintenance of the verges of such roads remain the responsibility of the
local council.
This document was edited in September 2010 by Adelaide Hills Council and endorsed
by the Native Vegetation Council in November 2010. This plan is valid for a period of 5
years from date of endorsement.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
ADELAIDE HILLS COUNCIL REGION
Scale 2cm = 10km : Approx
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
1.1 THE ADELAIDE HILLS COUNCIL DISTRICT
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The Adelaide Hills Council (AHC) was formed on the 1 July 1997, when the former
Gumeracha, East Torrens, Onkaparinga and Stirling Councils amalgamated. The district
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covers an area of 795 km and supports a population of approximately 40,000 people.
The AHC region features several main townships – Crafers to Bridgewater (including
Stirling and Aldgate), Lobethal, Woodside, Birdwood, Gumeracha, Uraidla, Oakbank,
Summertown, Inglewood, Houghton, Mount Torrens, Balhannah, Kersbrook, Woodforde,
Teringie, Rostrevor, Greenhill and Norton Summit.
Agriculture (including horticulture and viticulture) and forestry provide the main
employment, followed by tourism and associated activities. The dominant business in
the area is primary industry but there is also a higher than average proportion of
business involvement within the construction, recreation and tourism industry.
Historically, transportation and the orientation of activity towards Adelaide have
influenced the pattern of urban settlement. Urban settlement has been centred upon the
original towns of Stirling, Bridgewater, Aldgate, Balhannah/Oakbank, Woodside and
Lobethal given impetus by the South Eastern Freeway and to a lesser extent the
Adelaide-Melbourne Railway. Transportation routes have also influenced the towns in
the north of the area Birdwood, Gumeracha and to a lesser extent Kersbrook. These
road and rail corridors have also tended to restrict movement within the District
particularly involving the eastern portion and in conjunction with landform characteristics
have resulted in constraints to urban growth.
About 20% of the employment in the area is in agriculture and forestry. Manufacturing
employs 15%, with wholesale and retail trade employing 20%. Health and community
services employ 10% of the workforce.
Of the workforce within the Adelaide Hills Council area, 28.5% are professionals, 15.3%
are managers and administrators, followed closely by clerical, sales and service workers
(14.9%). Tradespersons make up about 13% of the workforce. Residents of the
Adelaide Hills Council district working in metropolitan Adelaide contribute to significant
traffic movements through the feeder road networks
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
1.2 POLICIES & GUIDELINES
1.2.1 Background
The Adelaide Hills Council has become aware of growing pressures on the district’s road
network, and on the roadside vegetation. Council recognises there are many aspects of
road use that are best managed through an integrated approach. Some of these
aspects include:
 protection of remnant vegetation
 provision of safe access
 management of activities undertaken by other authorities
 roadside vegetation removal
 road maintenance activity
 review of future road use
 land divisions and access routes
Extensive unmade road reserve corridors are increasingly being sought for recreation
and other purposes. A thorough review of these opportunities is important.
As a result of the activities of the former AHC Environment Consultative Committee
2005, a working party was established to develop a policy for Council that would be
consistent with the actions of The Adelaide Hills Council - Strategic Management Plan.
The terms of reference for the working party are as follows:
1.2.2 Development of Policy for Council
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To develop a set of policies relating to roadside vegetation for the Adelaide Hills
Council.
To develop policies for the "fence to fence" management of Council's roadsides
and road verges, addressing issues relating to construction and ongoing
maintenance.
To institute a long term weed eradication and revegetation with suitable native
species program on Council's roadside verges, focusing on eradication of weed
species which may impact on commercial agriculture in the Hills.
1.2.3 Development of "Best Practice Methods" for Roadside Management
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To review existing Council practice
To review national and international "best practice" models in the area of
Roadside
Management
To recommend changes in Council practice in line with "best practice" findings
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
1.2.4 Roadside Vegetation Audit and Strategy
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To oversee the development of a plan for an audit of roadside vegetation of the
Adelaide Hills, including a review of existing information from the antecedent
Councils.
To identify sites of high priority for action, because of their high biological
significance or specific threats and recommend accordingly.
To oversee the development of a plan for the management of roadside
vegetation for the Adelaide Hills Council
1.2.5 Unmade Road Reserves
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To oversee the implementation of a plan to audit Council's unmade road
reserves.
To develop policies for unmade road reserves with partner agencies.
To review the usage and management of unmade road reserves with partner
agencies.
To make recommendations to Council on leasing and disposal of unmade road
reserves
1.2.6 Community participation
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To identify strategies for increasing the involvement of the community in
managing roadside vegetation, with an emphasis on involvement of
neighbouring landowners.
To identify roadside areas of particular significance which are priorities for
community involvement and recommend action.
To recommend ways in which the linkages with community-based groups such
as Trees for Life "Bushcare', Landcare, other informal groups and individual
landowners in roadside management can be fostered and supported.
1.2.7 Staff and Community Training needs/ Community Education and Awareness
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To identify the training needs of staff in roadside management and recommend
appropriate action.
To determine general strategies for community education in roadside
management.
To identify specific opportunities for training community members in roadside
management and recommend accordingly.
To determine ways in which community awareness of the importance of
roadside vegetation can be increased.
To advocate for funding for staff and community training in roadside
management.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
1.3 THE DOCUMENT
This document is designed for convenient reference to individual policy items, as listed
in the Contents pages, under the five road reserve themes of Conservation Values,
Landcare Values, Functional Values, Landscape, Heritage & Recreational Values and
Townships & Streetscapes Values.
The list of policy items although not necessarily definitive, is reasonably broad and
comprehensive. Whilst each policy is interpreted as a stand-alone item, it is useful to
consider links with other policy items. It is also useful to consider the inter-relationships
of the five themes, in the context of fence-line to fence-line roadside vegetation
management.
1.3.1 Review and Reporting
The Roadside Vegetation Management Plan will be reviewed every five years. The
Natural Resource Officer will be responsible for conducting this review. This review will
be conducted in conjunction with the Native Vegetation Council (NVC) and the
community generally.
Once an approved report template has been finalised by the Native Vegetation
Council Secretariat, Adelaide Hills Council may be required to provide a compliance
report to the Native Vegetation Council on an annual basis (an “Annual Report”).
The Annual Report can be used by Council to evaluate the implementation and
compliance with the Roadside Vegetation Management Plan. The purpose of reporting
annually to the NVC is to:
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Keep the NVC informed on developments and management measures being
undertaken within the local government area,
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Assist the NVC in the long term management of native vegetation,
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Show compliance with the Roadside Vegetation Management Plan, and
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Allow the NVC and Adelaide Hills Council to assess the success of the plan and
identify areas for improvement.
Annual reporting also requires Adelaide Hills Council to provide:
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Information on clearance of any native vegetation during the reporting period.
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Information on any management measures implemented by Adelaide Hills
Council to assist with the development and integration of the Roadside
Vegetation Management Plan.
Reports and reviews will be evaluated and assessed by the NVC to assess compliance
with the Native Vegetation Act, and to register ongoing NVC endorsement for the
Roadside Vegetation Management Plan.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
1.4 POLICY CONTEXT
1.4.1 Statutory Obligations
Council, as the legal custodian of roadsides, is aware of a number of legislative Acts, bylaws, policies, standards and guidelines which impact upon roadsides and their
component parts. Ideally, Roadside Vegetation Management Plans should take into
consideration all of the relevant responsibilities of councils under the several pieces of
legislation, in an integrated fashion. (See Appendices - Legislation and Roles of
Responsible Bodies.)
Council’s Roadside Vegetation Management Plan aims to be consistent with local
government, Federal and State plans. The following documents support major elements
of this Roadside Vegetation Management Plan:
Adelaide Hills Council Open Space Strategy (March 2002)
Adelaide Hills Council Strategic Plan 2007/08 to 2010/11
Guidelines for the Management of Roadside Vegetation, Native Vegetation Council
(1997)
Preparing Roadside Vegetation Management Plans – Guidelines for Local Government
prepared by the Native Vegetation Council (2004)
Native Vegetation Act (1991)
A guide to the exemptions under the Native Vegetation Act 1991
Fire and Emergency Services Act 2005
Local Government Act 1999
Natural Resources Management Act 2004
Heritage Act 1993
Highways Act 1926
National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972
Development Act 1993
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
AMLRNRMB + SAMDBNRMB Regional Plans
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
1.5 OBJECTIVES
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To meet legal requirements for the provision and maintenance of a safe district
road network.
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To provide an assessment process that allows agreeable outcomes for roads
users and environmental management.
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To develop and integrate fire management strategies that retains the viability and
self-sustainability of roadside vegetation. (Whilst ensuring legal obligations are
met under the Fire and Emergency services Act 2005)
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To clearly identify unauthorised activity in road reserves and comply with
legislative action.
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To improve the awareness of road reserve management issues for the
community, council staff and other authorities.
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To develop and maintain a system of road reserve assessments based on a
broad range of considerations and stakeholder involvement
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To provide and maintain an assessment process to determine conservation
significance with respect to threatened species of plant or animal communities.
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To protect and enhance the aesthetic value of roadside vegetation to enhance
tourism values.
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To identify opportunities for recreational trail links, particularly with respect to
unmade road reserves.
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To maintain and enhance the species diversity, genetic diversity, vegetation
associations and habitat types of our roadside vegetation.
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To maintain and enhance the habitat and corridor value for indigenous fauna of
our roadsides.
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To minimise adverse impacts of activities occurring within the road corridor.
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To achieve the minimum Australian Standard for all works performed within road
reserves.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
1.6 ROAD RESERVE CLASSIFICATION
Roads within the Council district are classified according to various criteria. These
criteria enable the significance of specific road corridor attributes to be easily considered
for the management of the road reserve. These attributes guide decision making and
assist conflict resolution about the range of expectations for various roles and uses of
road corridors. The system of classification continues to be refined to better meet
planning considerations, maintenance requirements and other objectives as outlined in
this document.
1.6.1 Vegetation classification - Reference Appendices - Table 1.
Several surveys of roadside vegetation have been conducted from 1995 through to
2000. Categories have been based on vegetation condition ie the proportion of weeds
and indigenous flora. Future vegetation surveys will use DEH Roadside Survey
methodology and develop categories based on ‘condition’ and ‘conservation
significance’, (ie. ‘Overall Significance’). This will improve knowledge of the biological
value of roadside vegetation in the Adelaide Hills Council district, and better assist with
management. A current survey is in progress (UniSA), which engages drive by
methodology and onsite assessment.
Classification 1. The roadside has minimal weed invasion and supports a good
representation of the original flora.
Classification 2. The roadside contains moderate weed infestation, weed-free areas
are minor and the original flora is still dominant.
Classification 3. There is considerable weed infestation amongst the indigenous flora.
Classification 4. Weeds dominate the area, indigenous understorey flora reduced to
scattered clumps and individuals.
Classification 5. No indigenous understorey vegetation present.
1.6.2 Strategic Wildlife Corridors
Strategic Wildlife Corridors are defined as those tracts of vegetation on linear
roadsides and within unmade road reserves which 1. Directly link two or more larger patches of habitat, and
2. Can be construed to represent part of a chain of ‘stepping stones’.
1.6.3 Sites of Special Significance
Pilot projects are to continue which identify, map and record sites of special
significance and include:
 Threatened Species
 Cultural
 Heritage
 Buffer Zone / Revegetation potential
 Walking and other Recreational Trails / Links
 Bio-Hazardous - known sites of serious contaminants such as Phytophthora.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
2 CONSERVATION VALUES
Road reserves contain pockets of remnant indigenous vegetation.
Due to large-scale land clearing for agriculture in rural areas and continuing pressures of
land division and urban settlement, roadsides now support some of the few remaining
examples of natural vegetation. These remnants are important for flora and fauna
conservation and land and water protection.
Road reserves contain threatened flora species.
Many individual plant species and some communities of vegetation are now isolated to
roadsides and other linear reserves. Some of these plants have already been located,
surviving in scattered remnants. It is likely however, that other plant species
(categorised as rare, threatened, vulnerable and endangered) are yet to be located or
are still to be identified and recorded. Inappropriate management practices of roadsides
and other linear reserves threaten the survival of these plants and may contribute to the
reduction in the diversity of flora.
Road reserves provide habitat corridors for wildlife.
The substantially modified landscape of the Adelaide Hills has meant that indigenous
vegetation now only exists in isolated remnants on private land or in forest areas and
nature reserves. Many species cannot or have difficulty in moving between these
pockets of habitat. They have become isolated in islands of vegetation and are forced to
compete for limited food, water and shelter.
The protection and enhancement of corridors of linear habitat such as remnant
vegetation existing along roadsides and unmade road reserves will reduce fragmentation
and loss of habitat. By linking larger areas of natural vegetation, corridors can facilitate
the movement of animals from one area to another, allowing them to access further
habitat. The provision of relatively undisturbed areas of natural vegetation in corridors
offers habitat for certain species in areas where much of the habitat is lost.
Such roads for the purpose of this document are called Strategic Wildlife Corridors and
are defined as those roadsides or unmade road reserves that differ from the surrounding
vegetation and connect at least two patches which were connected in historical time.
When roadsides are disturbed or ‘tidied up’ some of these components are removed and
the quality of the habitat is reduced. Wildlife must compete for homes, nests, shelter
and food or find other places that provide these things. Some animals will be able to
migrate to another location, competing for the scarce resources exiting there. Others,
unable to move to another location, will be put under increasing pressure to survive.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
Reference below cited from the Regional Recovery Plan for the Mount Lofty
Ranges (2009-2014) DEH (2009)
Threat 3.3.10, Transportation and Service Corridors
Threats from transport corridors and the vehicles that use them including associated
wildlife mortality.
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Road, Rail & Utilities Maintenance Activities A number of significant plant
populations occur along roadsides, near vehicle tracks on public land and along
railway lines. Maintenance activities, such as road widening, grading, bituminising,
stock-piling materials, trench digging, constructing turnout drains, vegetation
trimming, slashing, and spraying herbicide can have severe impacts on these
populations, which in most cases are already in a degraded state. These activities
can also induce weed and pathogen incursion. The same threats apply to
populations occurring within power, water and telecommunication easements. Note
there is some interaction with the threat categories ‘Incompatible site management’
and ‘Pollution’ and ‘Poisoning’.
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Road-kill Vehicle associated mortality is considered a low threat for most threatened
fauna. However species like the Heath Goanna and Carpet Python which already
have highly compromised populations in the AMLR and travel across fragmented
landscapes are at significant risk. The Tawny Frogmouth is a common casualty of
vehicles travelling at night.
Specific referral is toward Action Theme 1.22 - Roadside Maintenance. Provide
targeted information on threatened species and ecological communities to relevant
bodies to minimise impacts of road and track maintenance activities.
Action shall include; current and future vegetation and fauna surveys to record specific
information on identified threatened species and ecological communities. Areas are to
be mapped (GIS) and signposted as required. Information to be incorporated into this
plan and to be made available to operations staff.
And; Performance Criteria 19 - Information on known locations incorporated into
Councils Roadside Significant Sites Database and roadside markers installed where
required by 2011.
Known locations are to be signposted and registered within the AHC Roadside
Significant Sites Database (hard copy documentation) and GIS map layer, with
roadside markers installed as required during 2011.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
2.1 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
2.1.1 Site Specific Management
Whilst AHC policy and planning guidelines generally support the management of all
roadside areas, it is essential that site specific assessment and planning is undertaken
to cater for unique characteristics at determined locations. There is a need to achieve
integrated outcomes to cater for the potential complexity and importance of issues
presented at individual sites.
This approach to management of vegetation on road reserves will encourage confident
work practices and a better understanding amongst all stakeholders having an interest in
or a responsibility for road reserves.
Site Specific Assessment will include:
 Identification of threats to native vegetation
 Identification of threats to landscape amenity
 Identification of potential areas for conflict resolution
 Site inspection with all relevant stakeholders
 Preparation of site specific management plans in accordance with the policies
and guidelines in this document
2.1.2 Remnant Vegetation
Appropriate management methods are necessary to ensure that remnant vegetation
communities are protected and enhanced.
Vegetation surveys are conducted subject to available funding. Currently a survey is in
progress within the northern sector of the Adelaide Hills Region. A joint exercise is
current between the North East Hills Environment and Conservation Association and the
University of South Australia. It is hoped that the survey will extend further south in 2011.
A request for grant funding support will be presented to the NVC following review of this
data.
The AHC Roadside Marker System currently identifies sites of significant scientific value
and interest, and it is the intent that following completion of the vegetation survey that
specific sites supporting threatened species are to be identified within a representative
marker system.
OBJECTIVE: To protect and enhance existing remnant vegetation communities.
To promote the preservation and enhancement of vegetation (particularly Native
Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3) and strategic environmental corridors.
ACTIONS:
 Identify, survey and map all road reserve vegetation communities and assess
these for conservation status. (Preliminary database maintained by Adelaide
Hills Council NRM Unit.
 Prepare site specific management plans as required and in consultation with the
NVC.
 Engage in minimal disturbance techniques.
 Implement Roadside Marker System (See section Roadside Marking - Sites of
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
Special Environmental Significance - page 10)
POLICY
Remnant vegetation communities existing on roadsides will be protected and enhanced
within legislative and budget parameters.
Guidelines
2.1.3 Conservation of existing roadside remnants
All remnant roadside vegetation is deemed valuable from a conservation perspective.
However urgent action is required for the protection and enhancement of remnant
vegetation communities that are categorised as being rare, threatened, vulnerable or
endangered.
Such communities include native grasslands and grassy woodlands, and aquatic
habitats such as wetlands and boglands (swamplands).
2.1.4 Native Grasslands and Grassy Woodlands
Remnant patches of native grasslands and grassy woodlands exist on a number of
roadsides in the district. The diversity of species found in these remnants is unclear.
The communities may consist of native grass only, or of native grass and herbs, or these
remnants might be the understorey in an area that was once grassy woodland.
Native grasslands were once widespread throughout the district, but are now isolated to
strips and patches on roadsides, railway lines and other neglected areas. Because of
their suitability for agriculture, 99.5% of them have been lost or degraded since
European settlement. At this point of time all remnant native grasslands need
protection, hence the emphasis on their conservation in this management plan.
 It is a priority that grasslands and grassy woodlands remaining throughout the
district be located and assessed for conservation value as soon as possible.
Appropriate management prescriptions can then be devised and implemented to
ensure that these areas are conserved and enhanced.
 It is important to liaise with other agencies regarding the restoration of native
grassland sites.
 Management of grasslands needs to be reviewed through site-specific
assessment and could consider a range of integrated options including herbicide
applications, slashing, burning.
 Close slashing of grasslands is not recommended. Subject to a fire risk
assessment (in line with the approved District Bushfire Prevention Plan) blades
on machines should be set at least 200mm above the ground level prior to
slashing, and slashing timed where possible to allow native seed set.
 A survey and botanical assessment is best undertaken during spring and
summer to locate native grasslands on roadsides and assess species diversity.
 Grasslands should be assessed as to if and what tree and shrub species were
formerly part of that specific plant community, prior to undertaking restoration
projects.
 A program to restore degraded grassland communities be developed and
implemented for priority sites.
 The harvesting of native grass seed should be in accordance with seed
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
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collection and revegetation advice from the Natural Resources Officer, PIRSA,
DENR and other appropriate bodies such as the Native Grasses Resource
Group. Precise records of such activities should be maintained.
It is extremely important to keep up to date with any new research and develop
appropriate management prescriptions accordingly.
A detailed study be undertaken to determine what vegetation communities
existed in the district before the area was substantially modified.
In areas deemed to be of high fire risk (hazard record/mapping) consideration
should be toward a blade cut height of 100mm but will first require assessment
and approval under Native Vegetation Regulation 5A, if such clearance is
greater than has been maintained in the past. [The clearance of native
vegetation to reduce the levels of combustible materials can occur if the works
are undertaken in accordance with an approved bushfire prevention plan or is
authorised by the Chief Officer (or authorised delegate) of the SA CFS]”.
2.1.5 Wetlands
Wetlands are areas that are covered with fresh or salty water for at least part of the year.
They include swamps, waterways, reservoirs and river flats, saltmarshes, farm dams,
ditches and duck ponds. All these areas whether natural or artificial are important
habitats for the conservation of fauna and flora.
On roadsides small standing pools of water or marshy land provide habitat for wildlife
and can enhance the conservation value of the area.
 Natural wetland areas on roadsides should be located and management
prescriptions prepared to ensure these areas are protected and enhanced.
 Artificial wetlands areas on roadsides should be retained if they do not have a
detrimental effect on the flora.
 When any changes are proposed to a natural wetland area it is important that
DENR be consulted prior to works being undertaken. Great care must be taken
to design the correct drainage for a wetland area to ensure that the road
formation is protected while preventing the water level of the wetland being
altered.
2.1.6 Threatened Species
Many individual flora and fauna species/communities are almost entirely isolated to
roadsides, unmade road reserves and other linear reserves, sometimes surviving on
otherwise degraded sites. Some of these species are classified as being of particular
conservation significance, owing to their declining or isolated occurrences, either on a
local, regional, state or national basis. It is important that such species be located so
that appropriate management prescriptions can be prepared to ensure the diversity of
our flora and fauna is maintained.
OBJECTIVE: To identify and protect listed threatened flora and fauna in the AHC district.
ACTIONS:
 Council to undertake a survey of roadsides to identify and map the location of
any rare, threatened, vulnerable or endangered species supported on roadsides
throughout the district.
 Ensure that appropriate staff involved in works on roadsides, such as weed and
vermin control, are aware of the location and importance of any rare flora and
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
fauna species and the need for special care.
 All sites supporting threatened species are to be marked using the Roadside
Marker System (See section Roadside Marking - Sites of Special Environmental
Significance - page 10)
POLICY:
Council will undertake protection programs to support the conservation of
threatened flora and fauna.
Guidelines
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Refer to database records for threatened species (eg RMS database) prior to
works being carried out, or to underline the appropriate action when operating
near an identified site. (See Appendices – Roadside Marking System).
When a threatened flora or fauna species is located or thought to be present on
a roadside, a Natural Resources Officer will be consulted, to determine the
appropriate action and to record details and management strategies on the
Threatened Species Database.
The area surrounding the plant or habitat should be marked by the Natural
Resources Officer or representative with a prescribed roadside marker to identify
its location and alert roadside workers in the short term of the need for sensitive
work practices. Depending on the location and immediate threats, the area
around the site could be temporarily fenced. Adjacent landholders should be
informed of the location and importance of the site and of the need for special
care when undertaking weed or vermin control works.
The location of any threatened flora and fauna species will remain confidential to
avoid opportunities for exploitation.
As applicable, seek approval under the Commonwealth Environment Protection
and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
2.2 WILDLIFE
2.2.1 Wildlife Corridors
Remnant vegetation existing along roadsides has a role to play towards the conservation
of wildlife, by providing some level of habitat and protection for movement between other
patches of essential habitat.
OBJECTIVE: Wildlife corridors, as identified in this plan, are to be protected and
enhanced for wildlife movement and habitat.
ACTIONS:
 Further research is carried out to learn more about the nature and
characteristics of corridors, important for the conservation of flora and fauna.
 Undertake a survey of roadsides to identify existing or potential corridors, linking
two or more larger tracts of wildlife habitat.
POLICY:
To protect and enhance wildlife corridors and habitat on roadsides according to
current best environmental practices.
Guidelines
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Where other roadside uses conflict with protecting and enhancing Strategic
Wildlife Corridors, the conflict must be solved in the manner that causes the
least disturbance to the corridor.
Roadsides that form Strategic Wildlife Corridors that are Category 1, 2 or 3
standard should be encouraged to regenerate naturally, or be given first priority
in restoration or revegetation programs. Where Strategic Wildlife Corridors are
to be restored or revegetated great care must be taken to ensure that the natural
habitat or local vegetation type is returned.
All proposals for restoration or revegetation projects along any roadside must
first be referred to the Manager Works (or appropriate officer) and/or the Natural
Resources Officer and/or the Bushfire Prevention Officer. All proposals for
restoration or revegetation projects along any roadside must first be referred to
the Natural Resources Officer.
Opportunities for restoration or revegetation programs should be considered
along Strategic Wildlife Corridors in areas where native grasslands may have
occurred, provided it is in sympathy with the original vegetation.
Where disturbance to a Strategic Wildlife Corridor is unavoidable, the
disturbance should wherever possible be located to one side of the road
reserve. One wide strip of vegetation is preferable to two narrow strips.
Where roads must be constructed or widened on a Strategic Wildlife Corridor,
the road formation, should wherever possible be located to one side of the road
reserve.
Zigzagging of powerlines is to be avoided on Strategic Wildlife Corridors.
Those groups wishing to undertake restoration or revegetation projects could be
supplied with a list of Strategic Wildlife Corridors.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
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With due regard to the Native Vegetation Act 1991 and Local Government Act
1999, landholders must allow indigenous roadside vegetation to naturally
regenerate on the boundaries adjacent to their properties. Areas adjacent to
roadside vegetation with buffer zone potential, should be fenced off to protect
regenerating indigenous species from grazing and other activities.
If possible when undertaking replacement of boundary fencing, landholders or
groups of landholders adjacent to Strategic Wildlife Corridors be provided with
incentives to relocate fencing into private property, to facilitate the expansion of
the Strategic Wildlife Corridor.
Landholders or groups of landholders be provided with information about wildlife
corridors and encouraged with advice, support or incentives, to adopt projects
whereby:
 retention and maintenance of existing native vegetation on private land
abutting roadside vegetation must support an important, existing
component of the wildlife and habitat corridor;
 the natural regeneration of indigenous roadside vegetation on the
boundaries of their properties can be facilitated.
Locate remnant vegetation on private land that forms critical links in the corridor;
undertake to encourage owners with advice, support or incentives to protect and
enhance these areas.
Where roadworks are proposed on a Strategic Wildlife Corridor and part of the
corridor has to be sacrificed, the purchase of additional land be considered, in
order to retain the link and where necessary be rehabilitated prior to the works
being undertaken. Where this is not possible, adjacent landholders be
encouraged through incentives to maintain or establish a corridor of vegetation
along the boundaries of their properties.
A District Plan be developed by the Council in consultation with adjacent local
government areas, incorporating restoration or revegetation projects linking up
linear reserves with remnants on private and public land to form an extensive
network of wildlife corridors throughout the region.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
2.2.2 Wildlife Habitat
Roadsides that contain relatively undisturbed natural vegetation, leaf litter, rocks and
crevices, trees with hollows, naturally fallen limbs and dead vegetation at various stages
of decay, standing pools and marshy land, provide habitat for certain species of animals
including birds, reptiles, mammals, insects and micro-organisms.
When roadsides are disturbed, or tidied up some of these components are removed and
the quality of the habitat is reduced. Wildlife must compete for homes, nests, shelter
and food or find other places to provide these things. Some will be able to migrate to
another location, competing for the scarce resources existing there. Others unable to
move to another location will be put under increasing pressure to survive.
OBJECTIVE: To retain the value of habitat by preserving it’s component parts which are
required by native fauna including birds, reptiles, mammals, insects and microorganisms.
ACTIONS:
 Limit works to the construction and maintenance zone for risk management.
 Retain on site or move to another site such as a Strategic Wildlife Corridor or
conservation area; dead trees/limbs containing hollows that have been felled as
part of risk management needs.
 Provide wherever possible, for the preservation of all habitat components when
undertaking any works relating to identified sites. Include this provision in all
specification documents.
POLICY
Council will preserve and enhance the habitat value of its roadsides.
Guidelines
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All habitat components such as leaf litter, rocks and crevices, trees with hollows,
naturally fallen limbs and dead vegetation at various stages of decay, standing
pools and marshy land should be retained on the roadside, unless they pose a
significant hazard as specified by the appropriate officer.
Natural vegetation should be left alone and not tidied up, unless specified by the
appropriate officer.
The responsible authority will ensure that wherever possible, the preservation of
all habitat components, as discussed above, will be provided for in any works.
Limbs on dead trees that pose a significant hazard as specified by the
appropriate officer should be removed. The rest of the tree should be retained
on the roadside.
Hazardous dead trees or limbs containing hollows that have been felled should
be retained on site or moved to another site such as a Strategic Wildlife Corridor
or wildlife area, where they can continue to provide habitat.
An education program should be developed to increase public awareness of the
habitat value of dead trees and limbs. (See overleaf - Australia's Most Precious
and Scarce Natural Resource).
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
AUSTRALIA'S MOST PRECIOUS AND SCARCE NATURAL RESOURCE
OLD, DYING AND DEAD EUCALYPT TREES AND MALLEES
As Standing Dying and Dead Trees
These arboreal apartment houses provide breeding and shelter hollows for:
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17% (119 species) of native birds
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42% (95 species) of native animals
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35% of arboreal reptiles
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?% of invertebrates
Non Renewable Resource for 100 - 250 Years
Is the estimated time it would take to form significant hollows in mature eucalypt trees or
mallees.
Standing dead or dying trees also provide dead staghorn (antler) branches which
become launch and lookout trees for a large range of birds and “hierarchy ladders” for
the larger, gregarious parrots (Cockatoos, Corellas and Galahs).
If these “antler branches” are removed or unavailable, these same parrots will strip
leaves and twigs from the top branches of farmland and township trees.
As Fallen Trees, Logs or Stumps
They provide specialised habitat for small mammals, reptiles, invertebrates, fungi,
mosses, lichens and bacteria.
The fungi and bacteria are involved in wood
decomposition and the recycling of nutrients. The fungal fruiting bodies (toadstools)
associated with wood decomposition are a critical food resource for some small
mammals.
If the present rate of loss of old eucalypt trees and mallee
continues during this early part of the 21st century, 100
species of mammals and 90 species of birds will face the
sequence –
RARE VULNERABLE ENDANGERED
EXTINCTION
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
2.3 ROADSIDE MARKING - ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE
The Roadside Marker System is designed to identify sites of natural and cultural
significance in order that these sites may be avoided or protected during roadworks and
other nearby activities. Although there are no direct legal requirements governing this
system, it assists authorities in complying with legislation such as the Local Government
Act, Native Vegetation Act, Development Act, National Parks and Wildlife Act,
Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and
other State and Commonwealth legislation supporting conservation, heritage and land
management.
The Roadside Marker System (refer Appendices) is to be treated as one component of
an overall road reserve management plan. Other complementary components are the
development of an agency-wide code of practice, environmental awareness training for
Council staff, agency staff and contractors and the maintenance of a register or
database of identified sites.
The features for identifying sites are as follows:
 Vegetation ~ remnant vegetation communities, including plant associations of
conservation significance
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~ remnant plants of conservation significance (National, State,
Regional or local)
~ plants of heritage significance
Fauna ~ populations of rare or threatened fauna (National , State, Regional or
local significance)
Cultural or heritage significance
Unique natural features (eg geological, outstanding visual landscapes)
At present, Council keeps a register of identified and marked sites of significant native
vegetation (i.e. Category 1 & 2 – see page viii). The Asset Management Unit is
responsible for maintaining the Roadside Marker System.
OBJECTIVE: Significant sites that need special consideration should be identified
with signs which mark them in accordance with the Roadside Marker System and
related data base register.
ACTIONS:
 Identify areas of special environmental or Cultural significance
 Develop database for recording site information and protect-actions (as per
RMS)
 Budget to undertake preparation and installation of signs.
 Erect Roadside Marker System signs
POLICY
Council will use the Roadside Marker System procedure to identify and assist the
protection of sites of special environmental significance along roadsides
throughout the district.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
Guidelines
 Review all RMS sites on a regular basis.
 A poster with information about the program and clear colour pictures of signage
be prepared and sent to all work depots, CFS Brigades and relevant agencies
and authorities in areas where the program is being implemented.
 Undertake training for relevant staff and other stakeholders in the application of
the Roadside Marker System.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
2.4 UNMADE ROAD RESERVES
Council is the responsible authority for unmade road reserves.
Unmade road reserves can provide some of the best examples of remnant vegetation.
Where these areas have potential as wildlife corridors or contain significant flora they
should be retained as reserves whenever there is an opportunity to do so.
Unmade road reserves, regardless of conservation value, should not automatically be
considered for sale or rental. Council should consider a range of options to convert these
public areas into restoration or revegetation zones or recreational trails at the earliest
possible opportunity. The options must be broader than either making an unmade road
reserve a conservation area or considering it for disposal.
All unmade road reserves should be investigated to determine their suitability for future
use, prior to any works being undertaken.
OBJECTIVES: To protect unmade road reserves of significant conservation value
(identified as Category 1, 2 or 3 or strategic environmental corridors or containing
rare, threatened and significant species).
To protect the status of unmade road reserves to cater for recreation
opportunities.
ACTIONS:
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To identify and map all unmade road reserves, stone reserves, water reserves
and rail corridors. (Refer Appendices - preliminary research displayed as map
Unmade Road Reserves)
To ascertain the status of this land. (Whether they have been sold, rented or
illegally used).
To review rental arrangements (if any exist) on undeveloped road reserves of
significant conservation value.
Identify sites of significance and potential corridor value.
Assess areas for consideration of recreational, cultural or tourism value, in
particular walking and horse riding trails.
POLICY
Council will have regard to environmental implications when considering the
future use of unmade road reserves.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
Guidelines
 Where unmade road reserves are of significant conservation value or of
potential significance as a wildlife corridor the Council will work to have these
areas recognised by DENR and measures devised to ensure they are protected
or restored.
 New roads will not be built on unmade road reserves of significant conservation
value or of potential significance as a wildlife corridor unless there is no
alternative. Consultation with the Native Vegetation Council Secretariat DENR
must be undertaken prior to any final approval to ensure compliance with the
Native Vegetation Act, 1991.
 Investigate and introduce a range of conservation options in valuable areas,
including Heritage Agreements.
 Where there is no alternative but to build a new road on an unmade road
reserve of significant conservation value or of potential significance as a wildlife
corridor it should be built in such a way that minimises impact to flora and fauna
values.
 Unleased, unmade road reserves that are of significant conservation value or of
potential significance as a wildlife corridor should not be made available for
future lease or disposal.
 Where there is no alternative but to lease an unmade road reserve of significant
conservation value or of potential significance as a wildlife corridor, the lease be
issued with strict conservation conditions. If these areas are not managed to the
satisfaction of Council in consultation with DENR the lease should be revoked.
Consultation with the Native Vegetation Council Secretariat DENR must be
undertaken prior to any final approval to ensure compliance with the Native
Vegetation Act, 1991. Modification of native vegetation on leased roads, by
direct clearance or changed grazing practice, needs approval from the
Native Vegetation Council.
 Where there is no alternative but to lease an unmade road reserve that can
provide a recreational link, the lease should provide for the appropriate type of
access and management guidelines.
 When current leases expire, unmade road reserves that have been assessed as
being of potential significance as a wildlife corridor, such leases are not to be
renewed. Council will look at all possible options to convert these areas into
conservation zones.
 Due notification and consultation with landholders needs to occur when current
leases of unmade road reserves are being considered for non-renewal.
 Where a leased unmade road reserve has been degraded by current
management practices, but has potential significance as a Strategic Wildlife
Corridor, the landholder should be encouraged by DENR, the respective NRMB
or by the Council to rehabilitate the area. All possible funding options should be
considered.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
3 LANDCARE VALUES
Roadside vegetation often plays an important role in minimising land degradation
and improving water quality.
Indigenous vegetation on roadsides helps to minimise soil erosion and associated land
degradation and water quality problems, such as the clogging of culverts or drains and
increased sedimentation of waterways. The presence of indigenous vegetation also
reduces the chance of weed infestation. When indigenous vegetation is disturbed or
destroyed, weeds are likely to colonise in its place. Once established, weeds require ongoing treatment if they are to be controlled.
Roadsides provide shade and shelter for stock.
Roadside vegetation can act as a shelter belt and provide some relief from harsh
weather conditions for stock on adjacent farmland.
3.1 REHABILITATION & REVEGETATION
In areas where the roadside has been substantially modified it may not be possible to reestablish vegetation by simply allowing indigenous vegetation to regenerate naturally.
Introducing other locally sourced indigenous plants to restore the ecological balance and
to link up corridors to provide improved habitat for wildlife can be achieved quickly by
direct seeding or planting out seedlings.
Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. Direct seeding requires a great
number of seeds and the right conditions needed for germination, but the cost per plant
is low and the process more in tune with a natural system. Planting out seedlings
requires fewer plants and the success rate is often higher as the seeds have already
germinated, but the cost per plant is high and the process more artificial. The best
technique might be a combination of both methods. Weed control both in the short
and long term and at the time of planting are vital factors in the success of
restoring vegetation. Each restoration project requires the preparation of an individual
plan of works appropriate for the particular site. There is a great deal of information
available and this should be consulted prior to any plan being developed.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
3.2 SITE REHABILITATION
Some roadsides are degraded and contribute to undesirable impacts such as erosion,
weed spread, and contaminated stormwater discharge. To successfully rehabilitate
those sites with indigenous vegetation will require careful planning and expert advice
prior to projects being undertaken.
Some sites are so disturbed that natural regeneration cannot effectively occur.
Additional revegetation may be required to accelerate the process. Rehabilitation of a
disturbed site using seed collected from locally sourced indigenous vegetation and/or
mulch of felled local indigenous vegetation is recommended wherever possible.
OBJECTIVE: To re-establish indigenous vegetation through processes of natural
regeneration, active restoration and revegetation.
ACTIONS:
 Assess specific sites to plan for appropriate restoration or revegetation, well in
advance of activities being undertaken.
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Program environmental awareness training for all staff.
POLICY Council will adopt an adaptive management approach, whereby appropriate
revegetation strategies are to achieve improved land management on roadsides
under its care and control.
Regenerating indigenous vegetation will be protected and encouraged to grow
along roadsides in the Council district.
Guidelines
SITE REHABILITATION
 Vegetation modification will be considered where:
 Roadsides are designated as strategic or tactical firebreaks as detailed
within the AHC and District Council of Mount Barker – Bushfire Mitigation
Plan.
 ETSA Utilities overhead powerlines exist (Section 4.5 Service Provision)
 ETSA Utilities assets and strategic firebreaks have been combined on
Category 1 roadsides
 Service authorities locate their assets on the roadside (Section 4.5 Service
Provision)
 Regenerating vegetation growing within the effective part of the table drain
interferes with the working of the drain (Section 4.1 Road Construction &
Maintenance)
 Regenerating vegetation interferes with maintaining sight distances (Section
4.6 Vegetation Removal)
 Regenerating vegetation is on the road shoulder and interferes with the
structure of the road (Section 4.1 Road Construction & Maintenance)
 Regenerating vegetation interferes with structures and signs located on the
road reserve (Section 4.6 Vegetation Removal)
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 Road construction and road widening is essential (Section 4.1 Road
Construction & Maintenance)
 Exotic plants of historical or cultural significance create a feature on the
roadside (See Section 5.2 Cultural and Heritage Values)
 Use “minimum disturbance and bushcare” techniques as the preferred
approach to site rehabilitation works. (See Appendices – National Trust
brochure)
 Consider opportunities to develop “buffer zones” to extend the landcare
value of roadside vegetation. With due regard to the Native Vegetation Act
and the Local Government Act, landholders must allow indigenous roadside
vegetation to naturally regenerate on the road reserve adjacent to their
properties. Landholders should be approached to consider the buffer zone
potential of an area of their property adjacent to the roadside vegetation.
Landholders can then be encouraged to undertake strategies, including
fencing-off zones, to protect naturally regenerating or artificially planted
indigenous species within the negotiated buffer zone.
Artificial Revegetation
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A permit to collect seed is required from DENR.
A site-specific assessment and botanical survey should be carried out for a
nominated site, prior to undertaking any proposed revegetation project.
The Natural Resources Officer or appropriate officer must be consulted prior to
any restoration or revegetation projects being approved by the responsible
authority.
Revegetation projects must consider Bushfire Prevention requirements as per
local/regional plan.
On ‘Vegetation Classification 1’ roadsides vegetation should be left to naturally
regenerate. Where gaps exist on the roadside that section should be protected
from slashing to encourage regeneration from adjacent vegetation. Where a
roadside is classified as Category 1 due to the presence of a threatened flora
species, but is otherwise degraded, DENR should be consulted to determine if
seed should be collected and supplementary plantings of the species and other
indigenous vegetation is undertaken.
On ‘Vegetation Classification 2’ roadsides, plant material for propagating
purposes should be collected from the roadside or from any indigenous
vegetation adjacent to the roadside where the project is being undertaken. If the
adjacent land is privately owned permission should be sought from the
landholder before any seeds are collected. Care will be taken to ensure that the
original vegetation type of the area is restored.
On ‘Vegetation Classification 3’ roadsides local seed from indigenous vegetation
will be used in restoration or revegetation projects. Care will be taken to ensure
that the original vegetation type of the area is restored. In areas that are
substantially degraded indigenous vegetation may no longer be suitable for
restoration or revegetation projects. When other vegetation is required, for
example on a salt affected roadside, care must be taken to ensure the
vegetation will not become a weed species or hybridise with local indigenous
vegetation.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
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All restoration or revegetation projects should be planned at least one year in
advance to allow for a range of seeds to be collected from the upper, middle and
lower layer of vegetation; and for adequate weed suppression to be undertaken.
All restoration or revegetation projects should be carried out at the correct time
of year, either late autumn or late winter – early spring, to take advantage of the
weather conditions.
All restoration or revegetation projects will include a five year management plan
for the site.
Strategic Wildlife Corridors will be given priority when restoring or revegetating
roadsides.
Native grasslands will not be rehabilitated with trees and shrubs, unless it is
ecologically justified. Expert advice should be sought prior to rehabilitating
native grassland sites.
On selected revegetation sites, care should be taken to protect and incorporate
where appropriate, existing native vegetation eg native grasses, identified during
initial site assessment. Choose the best methods for revegetation under such
circumstances to minimise impacts from mechanical disturbance or herbicide
applications.
On ‘Vegetation Classification 5’ roadsides the top layer of soil could be scalped
off to remove the weed seed bed prior to carrying out any restoration or
revegetation works. Alternatively burning the Category 5 site may help to
reduce weed seed, or germinate weed seed for follow-up control to exhaust the
seed store, or may break dormancy of any lingering native plant seeds.
All restored or revegetated areas should be clearly marked or identified on the
ground to protect newly planted vegetation from any damage.
Monitoring of revegetation projects should occur with a view to
assessment/understanding and improving methodologies for future projects.
Completed projects are to be signed off by the project co-ordinator.
Permission is required from Council and DENR for the collection of seed and
other plant material from all reserves and roadsides under the care and control
of Council. This permission is contingent upon the requirements of a “Code of
Practice” being met (see next section).
In considering applications for the collection of propagating material
Council will have due regard to:
 Guidelines for the Management of Roadside Vegetation - Native Vegetation
Council 1997. National Parks & Wildlife Act 1972.
 Relevant guidelines of this Roadside Vegetation Management Plan.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
3.3 COLLECTION OF SEED AND PROPAGATION MATERIAL
Roadsides provide a source of local genetic plant stock.
Indigenous vegetation remaining on roadsides provides a source of genetic plant stock
that is adapted to local environmental conditions.
This seed and other plant material can be used to revegetate sections of cleared land
with plants that have a similar genetic composition to the vegetation that would have
existed in the area prior to European settlement. Restoring areas with local vegetation
can help to reverse land degradation, thereby improving the economic sustainability of
the land and reduce the sedimentation of waterways.
OBJECTIVE: To ensure the conservation and sustainability of local indigenous
seed stocks and other plant material and to extend local provenance
vegetation.
ACTIONS:
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Develop and implement permit system to monitor and regulate the collection of
propagation material for local projects.
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Regulate commercial collection of plant propagating material.
Manage the collection of material from rare, vulnerable and endangered species
to promote their conservation.
POLICY Council will regulate the collection of propagating material from roadsides and
reserves under its care and control.
Guidelines
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Always source propagating material from the nearest suitable location.
Generally for revegetation, best results will be achieved by using the basic
colonising and structural species, which are appropriate for the vegetation
community. It is not practical and may be a waste of resources to consider
revegetating by introducing a diverse range of species from all structural layers
of vegetation.
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3.4 CODE OF PRACTICE - COLLECTION AND PROPAGATION
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No collection is permissible on Council lands without written permission from
Council and the Department for Environment and Heritage. Approval may
be withdrawn by Council without prior notice.
Applications are to be submitted no later than 2 months prior to the
anticipated collection date/s.
No collecting may take place until a
countersigned letter of approval is received by Council.
Collectors should make it known that they have approval to collect plant
material. The Council permission document and National Parks and Wildlife
(SA) permit must be carried at all times whilst collecting and must be shown
upon request.
Any threatened plant which is protected (listed specifically in regulations)
under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 will also require a separate
permit from the Department for Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR). Threatened species or habitats are not to be collected from without
express permission under the National Parks and Wildlife Act regulations.
The collector must have successfully completed approved training or have
otherwise demonstrated appropriate skills for sensitive collection.
When collecting for local community projects, the initial collection work
should be supervised by an experienced community plant material collector.
A register of such experienced collectors is maintained by DENR and/or
Council.
Details of the local project, target species, estimated quantities of
propagating material, and collection sites must be provided prior to
permission being granted by Council.
A list outlining the species and volume of material actually collected and its
source location will be supplied to Council within 14 days of completion of
such collection.
Collectors should conform with the requirements of the Occupational Health
Safety and Welfare Act 1986 (including the wearing of relevant safety gear
such as safety vests and sun hats; and maintain a current and accessible
first aid kit at all times) abide by the Native Vegetation Act 1991 and shall
ensure non-interference with safe movement of road traffic. Use adequate
signage and safety vests, when working adjacent to an open public roadway.
Collectors are responsible for implementing their own OH&S standards.
Council accepts no liability / responsibility for any loss, damage or accident
incurred by collectors.
No plant material may be collected from sites marked as defined by the
Roadside Marker System without Council approval.
Propagules shall be used for propagation, replanting or direct seeding
purposes only and may not be collected for re-sale.
When collecting, act in a responsible and professional manner and only
collect what has been approved and is needed for your designated project.
Plant material is only to be collected from plants positively identified. If
unsure no collection is to take place. Plant recognition and identification aids
are to be carried in vehicles to confirm species identification.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
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Ensure that fruits are mature and pods are ripe when collecting seed. Many
pods change from green to a brown-grey or they may split when ripe. Where
seed is retained on a plant it should be at least twelve months old before
collection. Observe when shrubs and trees are in flower to better prepare
your collection timetable.
Collection is strictly for use as part of a designated local area project
nominated on the application. Collect material within 5 km radius of the
designated project site unless approved otherwise by the Natural Resources
Officer.
Do not over nor repeatedly collect from any site or population.
Collection from solitary plants will not take place. Avoid collecting from
solitary plants and concentrate on stands or groups of plants.
Collection will only be from healthy plants (having neighbours within 20
metres); and from a spread of at least five (5) plants of the same species
spread at least 100m apart over each site nominated.
Do not take all cutting or seed material from one plant. Move between plants
of the same species.
Collect from all sections of the plant, not just a few side or low branches.
All cuts shall be sensible and not too injurious to the plant. No limbs greater
than 10 mm diameter will be removed. Capsules and fruit shall be cut as
close as possible to itself. No more than 20% (or 1% of above-ground
biomass) of the propagating material shall be removed from any one plant.
Adequate precautions will be taken to ensure minimal track damage from
vehicles. Vehicles shall not be driven off existing tracks or roads. Gates will
be left as found.
Take due care to collect in the most environmentally sensitive manner to
avoid trampling adjacent plants including understorey: low shrubs, herbs and
ground covers such as grasses, reeds, ferns, moss and lichens. Use
appropriate equipment to avoid damage to plants, adequately supervise
groups and use judicious cuts.
Avoid collection on fire ban days and under strong windy conditions.
All nesting sites, tree hollows and other habitat is to be left undisturbed.
Minimize the spread of known weeds, diseased plant material and
pathogens such as Phytophthora when moving between plant populations.
Weed seeds and fungal spores transport will be adequately managed from
one site to another on equipment, vehicles, clothing and footwear: by:
cleaning equipment, machinery and footwear before and after working in an
area. (Cleaning shall include soil removal and ‘bleaching’ treatment where
appropriate).
Material harvested in excess of requirements shall be dispersed on site or
along road reserves nearby.
Packets of seeds shall be labelled with collector name, species, location,
weight and a grid reference or other clear reference denoting the location of
the collection site.
Keep all seed collected in a cool, dark and dry location in sealed containers.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
3.5 WEEDS AND PEST ANIMALS
3.5.1 Weeds
A weed or pest plant is any plant growing in the wrong place and competing with other
plants for water, nutrients and light. Weeds are a major threat to the continued
protection and enhancement of remnant vegetation remaining on roadsides and host
pests and diseases which may impact on commercial agricultural activities in the Hills
(refer to Section 4.62 on pg 67).
The linear nature of roads makes them vulnerable to weed invasion and enhances the
spread of weeds.
Machinery and vehicles, the movement of water in drains, the
movement and dumping of spoil and grading shoulders assists in this process.
Continual disturbance of roadsides by indiscriminate burning, clearing, grazing,
ploughing of firebreaks or weed control, creates conditions for invasion by weeds
including exotic grasses.
All authorities have a responsibility to help prevent the further spread of weeds along
roadsides. Given very limited resources and the enormity of the problem it is vital that a
weed control program be developed and implemented jointly by all those undertaking
works on roadsides. The community has an important role to play in the control of
weeds and must be included in the development and implementation of any program.
3.5.2 Exotic Pasture Grasses
Where roadsides have been disturbed or substantially modified, exotic pasture grasses
and small herbaceous perennial or annual weeds become the dominant vegetation type.
In accordance with the District Bushfire Prevention Plan, many of these areas are
slashed on a regular basis. The floristic composition of the site and the season should
determine the best time to slash these areas. Programs should be timed to control
particularly invasive grasses such as Phalaris (Phalaris sp.) and to enhance the growth
of indigenous species. Slashing time is often limited in the district due to the short
season between when the ground is dry enough to slash and before bushfire restrictions
are enforced.
3.5.3 Declared Pest Plants
Declared weeds are plants considered to be a serious threat to agriculture and
biodiversity as listed under the Natural Resources Management Act 2004. Landholders
have a responsibility to control proclaimed declared pest plants within their property and
also along road verges abutting their property. Some environmental weeds are also
proclaimed declared pest plants and there is a legislative requirement to manage these
weeds accordingly. (A complete list of proclaimed pest plants of the Adelaide Hills
Council district is available from the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural
Resources Management Board and the South Australian Murray Darling Basin Natural
Resources Management Board.
However not all weeds on roadsides are agricultural declared pest plants. Nonproclaimed non- declared environmental weeds also need to be controlled to assist in
the conservation of native vegetation. Other invasive weeds of roadsides are listed as
Environmental or Community Pest Plants.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
3.5.4 Approval Procedures - Pest Plants
Under the Native Vegetation Council 1997 “Guidelines for the Management of Roadside
Vegetation”, clearance approval is required where a proposed plant control program is
likely to cause significant damage to native vegetation, e.g. non-selective spraying in
mixed weeds/native vegetation.
The Native Vegetation Council Secretariat is able to approve clearance of a “nonsensitive” nature, and will determine whether the proposed clearance is of a sufficiently
significant nature to warrant referral on to the Native Vegetation Council for decision”.
Where adjoining landholders are planning roadside pest control which could affect native
vegetation, the local authorised NRM officer should be the first point of contact. The
need for consultation with the Native Vegetation Council Secretariat can then be
determined.
3.5.5 Environmental Weeds / Community Pest Plants
Environmental weeds are plants that colonise local indigenous vegetation.
Environmental weeds can be exotic plants or Australian native plants not indigenous to
the local area. They are so termed because their presence is in some way detrimental
to the natural environment. Environmental weeds can be a serious threat to remnant
vegetation, and can add significantly to fire hazard and fuel loads.
OBJECTIVE: To increase the coverage of local indigenous vegetation on
roadsides by controlling existing problem weeds and through the
prevention of new outbreaks of weed species.
ACTIONS:
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Observe equipment hygiene to avoid the transfer of weeds.
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Undertake environmental awareness training for construction and maintenance
staff.
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Liaise with utilities about minimal disturbance and hygiene and weed
management for their involvement.
Liaise with Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management
Board (AMLRNRMB) and the South Australian Murray Darling Basin Natural
resources Management Board (SAMDBNRMB) to prepare integrated pest
control programs that identify priority roads/sites for management, in particular
‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3’ roadsides.
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Budget for the control of environmental/community weeds on roadside and
reserves.
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Commit to follow up and monitoring of sites disturbed through works or
unforseen damage eg. fire.
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Undertake joint weed control program with landholder adjacent sites supporting
‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3’ roadsides.
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Ensure that the appropriate AHC weed control wavier is publicised annually
through the media.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
POLICY
Council will ensure that environmental weeds are controlled and/or eradicated on
roadsides and reserves under its care and control.
Guidelines
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Undertake a program on selected roadsides, for the progressive replacement of
exotic grasses with indigenous species.
In accordance with the District Bushfire Prevention Plan exotic pasture grasses
on nominated roadsides will be slashed on an annual basis.
The relevant officer must be consulted prior to any control of exotic grasses on
‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 or 3’ roadsides.
Slashing of indigenous
understorey must be avoided unless a) specified in the District Bushfire
Prevention Plan and b) approved by the Native Vegetation Council. Areas of
regenerating indigenous vegetation will be identified on the ground before, and
avoided during, slashing operations. Small mowing equipment should be used
to prevent undue slashing of remnant vegetation.
On identified ‘Vegetation Classification 3’ roadsides slashing to control exotic
grasses should be carried out at a time specified by the Manager Works or
representative. Areas of regenerating indigenous vegetation will be avoided
during slashing operations unless this conflicts with the District Bushfire
Prevention Plan.
On ‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3’ roadsides in areas of exotic grass,
blades on machines should be set accordingly to CFS recommendations, which
is currently 100mm above ground level.
Control of environmental / community pest plants, by ploughing, burning,
cultivation or broad herbicide application, except in exceptional circumstances
approved by Council, will not be permitted on roadsides.
Weed control programs should be jointly undertaken where possible with
adjacent landholders, when weeds are also a problem in these areas.
Take opportunities to liaise/integrate with other weed control programs eg Trees
for Life ‘Bush for Life’ program.
Control of environmental weeds for all priority roadside sites should be based on
minimum disturbance techniques where damage to indigenous vegetation could
be expected for example, from foliar herbicide applications.
Long-term control of environmental weeds on nominated roadsides could be
linked, when and as resources allow, with programs to re-establish indigenous
vegetation, supplemented either by natural regeneration and /or planned
revegetation.
The Council and other authorities will not use plants known to be environmental
weeds in any landscape project.
All environmental weeds will be disposed of at a designated dump site and
either burnt on site or in a cleared area, or destroyed then left on site so as not
to reshoot.
Shrub weeds should be removed prior to seed set unless there is no alternative.
Where shrub weeds must be removed when they are in seed, they will be
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
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transported to a designated dump site for disposal and covered to prevent weed
seeds blowing onto the roadside and colonising further areas or burnt on site
under controlled conditions.
Council should implement an education program on environmental weed based
on similar initiatives developed by other agencies and local government areas.
Work zones be identified to isolate high conservation areas, where more
rigorous hygiene measures would be necessary.
Council to train outdoor staff to recognise environmental weeds.
Adopt a district wide approach of weed control.
Plant Diseases
An awareness and understanding of plant diseases such as Phytophthora and Mundulla
Yellows is a requirement for planning and implementing activities within the road
corridor.
Phytophthora Phytophthora occurs within the Adelaide Hills Council district. Modelling indicates
further potential to spread throughout the district due to climatic, vegetation, land use
and population factors. It is a serious threat to native vegetation on roadsides.
Roadsides also present a very high risk of vectoring Phytophthora. (See Appendices –
Phytophthora brochure).
Refer to the Phytophthora guidelines on the DENR website at the following link:
http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/biodiversity/plants-animals/dieback.html
For further information on Phytophthora, Mundulla Yellows and Biosecurity, contact
Renate Velzeboer, Ecologist - Biosecurity, Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, Conservation Policy & Programs T 8552 0306 l F 85523950 l PO Box 721
Victor Harbor SA.
Mundulla Yellows Mundulla Yellows is a relatively recent plant die-back syndrome known to predominantly
affect eucalypt species. Mundulla Yellows was first discovered in the southeast of South
Australia and has since been recorded widely throughout the state and has also been
reported interstate. Eucalypts with Mundulla Yellows are identifiable initially by the
presence of small clusters of bright yellow leaves within the tree canopy, followed by a
slow deterioration in health, before death. The symptoms exhibited by plants affected by
Mundulla Yellows are similar to symptoms presented due to other environmental factors,
hence diagnosis can be difficult.
Hygiene guidelines for Mundulla Yellows are no longer necessary since it is believed
that Mundulla Yellows is being caused by a complex interaction of soil properties (i.e.
increased alkalinity and salinity, reduced water availability, increased compaction and a
few others) resulting in a deficiency of available iron, manganese and other
micronutrients to the plant.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
3.5.6 Pest Animals
3.5.7 Declared Pest Animals
Declared pest animals or vermin are considered a pest to agriculture and biodiversity as
listed under the Natural Resources management Act 2004 and include rabbits and
foxes.
Rabbits are of particular concern to the conservation of remnant vegetation remaining on
roadsides. Rabbits like to feed on young tender seedlings, and many regenerating
plants provide the perfect fodder. Depending on the level of infestation, rabbits can have
a significant impact on the ability of a vegetation community to regenerate and to
maintain species diversity. Specific plans to control rabbits need to be developed in
cooperation with the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management
Board (AMLRNRMB) and The South Australian Murray Darling Basin Natural Resources
Management Board (SAMDBNRMB).
Stray stock and domesticated animals at large can pose a hazard to road users and a
threat to the environment.
Many introduced animals have become environmental pests.
3.5.8 Invertebrate Pests
At times insects may stress native vegetation, ornamental plants and commercial crops.
Mostly, vegetation will recover and the use of insecticides is not required. However if
plants continue to suffer some treatment may be necessary. Careful monitoring of the
plants over a period of time may be required to determine the severity of the attack.
Professionals may be sought to identify the problem and to give advice on required
treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To increase the establishment and recovery of roadside vegetation
and habitat by controlling pests.
ACTIONS:
 Identify pest animal impacts requiring priority action.
 Liaise with (AMLRNRMB) and the (SAMDBNRMB) to prepare and undertake
control works.
 Liaise with appropriate agency should extensive insect pest damage occur.
POLICY
Council will ensure programs are developed to monitor and control pests causing
environmental degradation on roadsides.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
3.5.9 Approval Procedures - Pest Animals
Under the Native Vegetation Council 1997 “Guidelines for the Management of Roadside
Vegetation”, clearance approval is required where a proposed plant control program is
likely to cause significant damage to native vegetation, e.g. non-selective spraying in
mixed weeds/native vegetation.
The Native Vegetation Council Secretariat is able to approve clearance of a “nonsensitive” nature, and will determine whether the proposed clearance is of a sufficiently
significant nature to warrant referral on to the Native Vegetation Council for decision.
Where adjoining landholders are planning roadside pest control which could affect native
vegetation, the local authorised NRM officer should be the first point of contact. The
need for consultation with the Native Vegetation Council Secretariat can then be
determined.
Guidelines
 Adopt integrated strategies whenever possible.
 That the (AMLRNRMB) and the (SAMDBNRMB) be alerted to specific instances
where pest animals are a problem on the road reserve and adjacent land. That
Council is willing to cooperate with the Board and adjacent landholder or
landholders if required, for joint planning, coordination and implementation of
control measures to be undertaken.
 In areas where very bad infestations of rabbits threaten either good remnant
vegetation, regenerating native plants or the continued survival of threatened
flora species, the area should be fenced off with rabbit proof fencing to restrict
reinfestation by rabbits.
 When controlling pest animals or insect infestations on Category 1, 2 or 3
roadsides, minimum disturbance techniques will be employed.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
3.5.10 Pesticides
Strategic and careful use of herbicides on roadsides can assist in the conservation of
remnant vegetation and can be incorporated within minimum disturbance techniques for
weed control. It is important that pesticide use be restricted to dealing with specific
problems that cannot be adequately dealt with in any other way.
Volunteers and landholders are often available to assist Council in the management of
roadside vegetation and the control of weed species. Minimal disturbance techniques
are preferred, including spot spray and cut ‘n’ swab herbicide applications.
Council has a responsibility to ensure that volunteers, staff and contractors are
appropriately trained in the safe use, handling and application of chemicals. In order to
minimise unnecessary off-target damage to indigenous plant species, spray contractors
are required to broadly recognise native plants and distinguish their presence in target
weed zones.
OBJECTIVE: To promote responsible use of pesticides on roadsides.
ACTION:
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Assess specific sites (‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3’) to determine
appropriate and effective use of pesticides.
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Undertake training in the safe use, handling, application, transport and storage
of pesticides, for all persons undertaking weed control work on roadsides.
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Develop a program for control of specific weeds on roadsides, requiring the use
of pesticides.
POLICY
All use of pesticides to control pest plants and animals on roadsides must be in
strict accordance with advice and guidance issued by the local Authorised Officer
of the (AMLRNRMB) and the (SAMDBNRMB) Council shall require that all
authorities and operators use pesticides in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. Records should be kept whenever herbicides are used.
Guidelines
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Pesticides are to be used as part of an integrated approach to pest control
and/or eradication on road reserves.
Where infestation of proclaimed and/or environmental weeds occurs on priority
road reserves, only minimum disturbance techniques are to be employed e.g.
cut ‘n’ swab or careful spot spraying of target species.
Roadside spraying programs need to avoid operations for identified sites
containing threatened species.
Where potential for off-target damage exists on ‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 or
3’ road reserves, no pesticide spray to be applied when wind speed exceeds 4
knots. (7.4 kms/hr)
Only trained operators approved by Council are to undertake pesticide
applications on road reserves. Operators to maintain detailed records of all
activities.
Landowners responsible for managing proclaimed pest species on road
reserves adjacent property must do so in accordance with advice from the
(AMLRNRMB) and the (SAMDBNRMB).
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
3.6 LANDHOLDER ACTIVITIES
Any activity on road reserves as public land requires approval of Council. Many
practices substantially modify the natural environment and are in direct conflict with the
aims of protecting and enhancing roadside vegetation. They may contravene state or
federal government legislation.
OBJECTIVES: To manage activities on roadsides for the protection of roadside
vegetation, and to minimise soil erosion and improve water quality.
To minimise inappropriate activity affecting ‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3
roadsides’.
ACTIONS:
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Identify illegal activities occurring on road reserves
Develop strategies in consultation with all stakeholders to provide practical
alternatives.
Inform landholders and general community about relevant laws and regulations.
3.6.1 Apiculture
Introduced bees can compete for nesting hollows and can compete with native
pollinators possibly reducing the population of native pollinators and their predators and
interfering with the natural ecosystem. Keeping commercially managed bees on
roadsides may also interfere with the comfort of the travelling public. Beekeeping on
roadsides is prohibited under the Local Government Act.
OBJECTIVE: To maintain populations of native bees occurring on roadsides and
to protect the environment and road users from the danger of exotic
bees.
ACTION:
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To advise all apiarists to remove bee hives from road reserves.
POLICY
Council will not permit the placement of honey bee hives along roadsides.
3.6.2 Cropping
Cropping road reserves is likely to destroy any remaining indigenous vegetation, run-off
from fertilizers and chemicals may damage other indigenous vegetation by altering the
nutrient status and the soil would be left fallow for a period of time making it vulnerable
to weed invasion and erosion.
OBJECTIVE: To increase the coverage of indigenous vegetation on roadsides and
to manage road reserves consistent with best practice land
management.
ACTION:
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Notify all landowners in areas affected by the following policy:
POLICY
Council will not permit cropping on roadsides.
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3.6.3 Fences
The clearance of indigenous vegetation for the erection and maintenance of boundary
fences abutting road reserves must have the approval of Council.
Compliance with the conditions outlined in guidelines for fenceline clearance, as issued
by the Native Vegetation Council, is also a requirement.
Clearance approval from the Native Vegetation Council is required for any vegetation
clearance along fencelines which exceeds the standards below [Note, in granting any
consent, the local council must comply with these guidelines]:
OBJECTIVE: To protect and enhance roadside vegetation.
ACTION:
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Notify landholders of their obligations under the Local Government Act and the
Native Vegetation Act with respect to clearance to / maintenance or construction
of fences.
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Negotiate with landholders abutting ‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 or 3’ roads to
employ minimal disturbance techniques when maintaining or constructing
fencelines.
POLICY
Council will ensure compliance with the provisions of Native Vegetation Act 1991
and the Guidelines for the Management of Roadside Vegetation (July 1997) as
issued by the Native Vegetation Council.
Council requires that approved works will employ where practical, minimal
disturbance techniques.
Guidelines
 Advise landholders of their obligation to notify Council/seek permission for
vegetation clearance on the road reserve, associated with installation and
maintenance of boundary fences.
 Promote the establishment of buffer zones on private lands adjacent to
‘Vegetation Classification 1 2 and 3’ roadside vegetation.
 Pursue opportunities to negotiate changes in fencing alignment in order to retain
significant plant species where possible.
 Promote clearance and maintenance strategies that will minimise environmental
impacts on roadside vegetation.
 Refer Appendices – booklet Guidelines for the Management of Roadside
Vegetation Native Vegetation Council (July 1997) page 14.
 Where the roadside vegetation consist largely of trees, only branches protruding
through or overhanging the fence, or trees growing on the actual fence
alignment, should be removed.
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Where shrubs or bushes are growing through the fenceline, those plants
growing within one metre of the fence alignment can be removed.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
3.6.4 Grazing
Approval of Council is required to graze stock on roadsides. Grazing indigenous
vegetation is a form of clearance that also requires the approval of the Native Vegetation
Council. It is not desirable because their feeding action and hooves are likely to cause
greater damage to vegetation than indigenous animals. Grazing may eventually
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reduce the diversity of indigenous vegetation,
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may interfere with the process of natural regeneration,
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may aid in the spread of weeds by creating disturbance and the movement
of weed seeds in animal droppings and body hair, and
may cause soil compaction and an alteration of nutrient status.
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Roadsides cleared of native vegetation are also vulnerable to environmental degradation
through grazing, including
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soil erosion
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pugging of soil
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stormwater contamination
Grazing for the purpose of this policy is defined as holding livestock on the side of the
road for the purpose of grazing.
OBJECTIVE: To protect and enhance roadside vegetation.
ACTION:
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Identify where grazing occurs on road reserves throughout the district.
Advise all landowners that clearance approval is required for any grazing of
stock on any roadside.
POLICY
When assessing requests to graze on roadsides Council will have regard to
landcare principles, opportunities for revegetation, recommendations advocated
by the District Bushfire Prevention Plan and other road management issues.
Permission will not be given for the grazing of introduced animals on ‘Vegetation
Classification 1, 2 and 3’ roadsides. Consultation with the Native Vegetation
Council Secretariat DENR must be undertaken prior to any final approval for
grazing of roadsides to ensure compliance with the Native Vegetation Act, 1991.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
Guidelines

Under the Native Vegetation Act 1991 and associated Guidelines for the
Management of Roadside Vegetation (July 1997), clearance approval is required
from the Native Vegetation Council for any grazing (other than associated with
droving), likely to cause damage to native roadside vegetation.
This includes roadsides where: native shrub and understorey species are present,
 there is evidence of recent or periodic regeneration of native plant species.

Grazing introduced animals should only ever be considered on ‘Vegetation
Classification 5’ roadsides when fodder is low, or to reduce exotic grass litter
subject to the approval of the Manager Works.

Grazing should only ever be considered for ‘Vegetation Classification 3 or 4’
roadsides where it can be demonstrated that such grazing is necessary for the
conservation of the native vegetation on the site or is essential to achieve other
land management objectives. Eg occasional light grazing to reduce weed
competition in native grass stands or a pulse of grazing to reduce grass growth
where fire hazard is an issue.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
3.6.5 Movement of Livestock
As introduced animals move through an area they can cause damage to remnant
vegetation remaining on roadsides and can enhance the spread of weeds and disease
from one area to another. They can also contribute to erosion, sedimentation and
general soil degradation. At times however it is necessary to allow access of local
livestock within the district from one property or paddock to another. Any movement of
livestock should be monitored and managed.
OBJECTIVE: To monitor and manage the movement of all livestock to prevent
undue damage to roadside vegetation, to minimise soil degradation
and improve water quality.
ACTION:


Identify and document where existing practice of moving livestock and along road
reserves occurs.
Where this existing practice occurs along ‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 or 3’
road reserves, develop alternative strategies as a matter of priority, to prevent
further environmental degradation to significant vegetation.
POLICY
Where roads containing remnant vegetation are likely to suffer damage from the
movement of livestock, Council will assist landowners to determine alternative
routes or methods, to minimise impacts on the roadside vegetation. Where the
movement of stock is permitted, landowners are to be advised that stock must be
kept moving and not held within the road reserve.
Guidelines



The routes of travel should be determined where movement of livestock along
roads is part of normal farm management, from one property or paddock to
another. Where those routes coincide with any significant environmental areas
(Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3) the landholder should be contacted and an
assessment made with respect to any ongoing impacts. In these instances, if
possible, alternative routes along roads of lower conservation significance
should be used.
Explore opportunities to fence road verges to protect significant vegetation from
impacts of stock movement.
Where traditional routes pass through areas of significant vegetation
(‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3’) roadsides, threatened species, Strategic
Wildlife Corridors or other listed sites) an inspection will occur on an annual
basis, to assess level of impact.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
3.6.6 Ploughing or Grading of Firebreaks
As landholders become more environmentally aware, the method of establishing
boundary firebreaks by ploughing, grading, burning or spraying along roadsides is now
declining.
Ploughing or grading is undesirable as it disturbs the soil and is likely to destroy any
remaining indigenous vegetation, encourages weeds, disrupts drainage and can cause
soil erosion.
OBJECTIVE: To protect and enhance roadside vegetation, prevent weed incursion
and reduce soil degradation.
ACTION:

Notify all landholders of Council’s policy below:
POLICY
Council will not permit the ploughing or the grading of roadsides other than in
exceptional circumstances as determined by Council. Consultation with the Native
Vegetation Council Secretariat DENR must be undertaken prior to any final
approval for grading of roadsides to ensure compliance with the Native Vegetation
Act, 1991.
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4. FUNCTIONAL VALUES
Roadways perform a variety of functions. They are established to provide an access
network throughout the district and to link with other regions.
They also have value for other purposes, including:
SERVICE CORRIDORS
Roadsides have traditionally provided an ideal site for the location of services such as
electricity, water, drainage, sewage and communication. Although today there is greater
emphasis to place these assets on cleared private land, many remain on the roadside.
These assets are expensive and vital in providing services to the community.
BUSHFIRE PREVENTION
Strategic and tactical firebreaks are frequently located on roadsides for a number of
reasons. They can help restrict fire that is started on the roadside, act as breaks to fires
spreading across country and provide property access and a safe route of exit at times
of fire. These breaks can usually be established without the need to damage native
roadside vegetation.
ROAD SAFETY
We rely on roadways as an integral part of daily activity. Provision for a safe and
efficient network of maintained carriageways is necessary to sustain our way of life.
ROADSIDE VEGETATION & ROAD SAFETY
Roadside vegetation plays an important role in maintaining a safe road network.
Roadside vegetation contributes to reducing headlight glare and dust blown across the
road. By binding the soil and helping to prevent erosion it can contribute to the
protection of the road formation.
FIRE SUPPRESSION
Roadside vegetation can act as a windbreak to a fire front, reducing the rate of spread of
fire and may offer strategic opportunities for brigades to combat fires.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
4.1 ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND ROAD MAINTENANCE
4.1.1 Road Construction and Road Widening
In order to achieve maximum conservation of vegetation and other valuable features
during road construction or road widening activities, it is essential to plan carefully before
any works are undertaken.
Wherever possible new roads should be constructed on land free of remnant vegetation.
When existing roads are widened and vegetation threatened, careful planning for
rehabilitation combined with innovative thinking, can help to maximise the conservation
of existing roadside vegetation.
Clearance approval from the Native Vegetation Council is required for new roadworks
(construction, widening, and realignment) which involve clearance of native vegetation.
Regulation 5(1)(d) allows for such clearance, provided that it is located such that it
avoids or minimises the impact on significant areas of native vegetation.
A submission to the Native Vegetation Council will need to establish that:

the roadworks cannot be established without the need to clear some vegetation,
and

the site chosen contains the least significant native vegetation, provided that
construction is practicable on that site.
In particular, a proponent should seek to avoid areas containing an intact stratum of
native vegetation (see definition this page). Approval for vegetation clearance for such
developments is conditional on the achievement of a significant environmental benefit
elsewhere on the property or region to compensate for the vegetation to be cleared.
A management plan must be prepared that describes the works that will result in the
environmental benefit, which may include providing for the management of other native
vegetation, the restoration of native vegetation, or the replanting of a cleared area. If this
is not achievable on the property, the applicant may apply (to the Native Vegetation
Council) to make a payment into the Native Vegetation Fund that will be used by the
Native Vegetation Council to achieve an environmental benefit elsewhere in the region.
4.1.2 Road Maintenance
The level of upkeep and vegetation removal required for a road to be maintained in a
good, safe condition is dependent upon a number of factors. (See Vegetation Removal
Policy page 44) Traffic volumes, road geometry, the type of hazard, road characteristics,
accident records, road marking and allowable speed are all considered when
determining the amount of maintenance that is required for each road. DTEI as the
authority in road building has many publications specifying what is required. On minor
roads with small traffic volumes the amount of maintenance is usually less than on a
main road or highway.
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Maintenance of existing roadside vegetation clearances by low-impact methods can
proceed without clearance approval from the Native Vegetation Council. However,
clearance approval is needed where:

Clearance exceeding previously established safety standards is proposed; OR

Regrowth has reached the stage where high-impact methods (eg. bulldozing) are
proposed.

Reference is drawn toward page 68 - ‘Clearance Envelopes for Construction and
Maintenance’ which defines maximum height and road shoulder clearances.
OBJECTIVE: To provide a safe and efficient road network whilst achieving an
environment benefit by minimising disturbance to the roadside.
ACTION:
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Classify all roads according to their use (current and future) – road hierarchy.
(See Appendices – Table 2).
Define road use for each category.
Determine an efficient transport network incorporating existing infrastructure and
planned development, to cater for future needs.
Arrange ongoing environmental education training of all personnel involved in
road construction and maintenance, including service providers.
Include in all tender documents and plans for construction and maintenance
works on roadside and subdivisions the need to comply with this road reserve
management plan, and relevant codes of practice, policy and guidelines.
Adopt a code of practice that details standard operating procedures for
undertaking all roadworks within the district.
Liaise with relevant government departments and the community and seek
professional advice for the preparation of detailed works plans to minimise
environmental impacts.
Utilise resource materials (eg hollow logs/branches/rocks etc.) rescued from
construction sites for other rehabilitation projects.
POLICY
Specification for all construction and maintenance works will have regard to best
practice principles for environmental management.
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Guidelines
 All works should be kept to the minimum necessary to maintain a safe road
according to the classification and function of the road.
 On ‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 or 3’ roadsides work areas or zones should be
identified in consultation with a Natural Resources Officer on the ground and
where necessary marked out before road maintenance works are commenced.
Vegetation beyond the road formation will not be disturbed, during road
maintenance works, except where necessary to carry out required works. In
such cases the Vegetation Removal Policy and Guidelines page 44, will be
followed.
 Ensure that appropriate staff involved in maintenance works are instructed in
vegetation management. Borrow pits to extract fill such as soil and other
materials to be used in road maintenance works will not be dug on the roadside
unless it is within the work area and vegetation will not be disturbed.
 Topsoil should be assessed with due consideration for appropriate seed bank.
Topsoil should be removed and stored separately prior to works being
undertaken and spread over the area at completion of works. Note: storage
should be for a limited time, preferably less than 6 months, to retain a viable
seed bank and microbial activity. Where topsoil is stored for use at other sites a
system should be in place where the oldest topsoil store is used first. The
‘provenance’ of the topsoil should be considered if earmarked for use elsewhere.
 Excess soil and material collected for storage and subsequent use at other sites
must be stringently monitored to maintain weed and pathogen hygiene.
 All vegetation to be removed as part of road maintenance works will be done so
according to Vegetation Removal Policy and Guidelines page 44.
 When carrying out works on the road formation care must be taken to avoid the
roots of trees and shrubs. Anywhere inside the drip line of the tree should be
avoided. Fencing, barricades or suitable marking could be erected to minimise
root damage and soil compaction.
 Changing the ground level around vegetation should be avoided. This can
impact on native vegetation by altering the amount of water and oxygen
available to plants.
 Sealed surfaces should not be placed hard against vegetation. This will restrict
the amount of water and oxygen reaching the roots.
 Guardrails could be used to protect larger significant vegetation growing close to
the road shoulder that may be considered a hazard.
 Materials needed for road works on a daily basis should, wherever safe, be
temporarily piled on the road formation or on a cleared area in close proximity to
the work site - not the roadside.
 Sight distances will be maintained according to the functional road classification
as specified by the Manager Works. All vegetation to be removed to maintain
sight distances will be done so according to the Vegetation Removal Policy and
Guidelines page 44.
 As applicable, seek approval under the Commonwealth Environment Protection
and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
4.2 WORKSITE REHABILITATION
Roadworks or other construction or maintenance activities can result in significant
disturbance to a site. It is desirable to rehabilitate the site if possible to the standard
before works commenced, or better.
OBJECTIVE: To re-establish indigenous vegetation and preserve habitat
components during the rehabilitation of roadsides. To re-establish suitable
vegetation in keeping with the desired character of the local landscape.
ACTION:
 Include in all relevant tender documents and plans for construction a detailed
site rehabilitation plan.
 Plan site rehabilitation works well in advance, preferably one year prior to
commencing works, to allow for thorough site assessment, including vegetation
identification, seed collection, growing on of plants, and proper planning to
achieve successful rehabilitation of the site.
 Refer to Code of Practice in Guidelines below
 Limit works to the construction and maintenance zone
 Retain on site habitat resource material such as dead trees/limbs containing
hollows, rocks/boulders and tree foliage.
POLICY
Council will ensure that the constructing authority (and their agents) undertaking
worksite rehabilitation will have due regard to the guidelines of the Road Reserve
Management Plan.
Guidelines
Observe the following general principles:
Environmental Code of Practice for Construction Workers.
1. Always stay within the ‘construction zone’.
2. Keep machinery and stockpiles on cleared land.
3. Only use the appropriate type and minimum size of machine for the job.
4. Plan vegetation removal.
5. If there is no alternative to burning, do not burn under or near desirable vegetation.
6. Chip light material left over from tree removal into mulch to spread the local seed.
7. Strip and stockpile topsoil from areas of good native vegetation. Re-use as soon
as possible.
8. Control erosion:




minimise vegetation removal and encourage the growth of vegetation on
batters;
leave batters rough so as to hold the topsoil;
limit access and earthworks to the area required for construction; and
establish adequate drainage systems.
9. Avoid ‘tidying up’ roadside vegetation after construction.
10. Clean down machinery before moving to another site.
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4.3 VEHICLE AND MACHINERY ACTIVITY
Choosing the most appropriate plant and equipment to adequately perform the task will
help to reduce the risk of accidental damage to the roadside environment.
Careful use and manoeuvring of large machinery during works operations can prevent
unnecessary damage to vegetation on the roadside.
Vehicle hygiene is important in reducing the spread of weeds and disease. Soil and
plant debris left on vehicles and machines is an important contributing factor to the
spread of weeds and soil borne fungal pathogens from one area to another.
OBJECTIVE: To minimise disturbance to roadside vegetation, and prevent the
spread of weeds, pests and pathogens.
ACTION:
 Arrange environmental education training of all personnel involved in road
construction and maintenance, including service providers.
 Adopt Budget/Resource Share strategies to ensure the most appropriate plant
and equipment is available.
 Identify areas of weed, pest and pathogen infestation prior to commencing any
works.
POLICY
Council will ensure that the constructing authority and vehicle and machinery
operators will comply with current best environmental practice.
Guidelines

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
Where vehicles and machinery are left for a period of time or overnight they will
be parked in a cleared area, in a designated wayside stop or on private land of
low conservation value.
Vehicles and machinery will not attempt to turn around on ‘Vegetation
Classification 1, 2 or 3’ roadsides, unless at clearly identified site where
vegetation will not be disturbed such as a designated wayside stop.
Care will be taken to avoid vegetation damage when machinery is being
manoeuvred.
All vehicles and machinery should operate from the road formation or cleared
private land if possible, while carrying out works. On ‘Vegetation Classification
1, 2 or 3’ roadsides where this is not possible, machinery will be chosen to
minimise the impact on indigenous vegetation.
Vehicles and machinery may be serviced on the roadside when it is not possible
to move to a more appropriate site. Great care must be taken to ensure that no
spillage results from any servicing operation.
Vehicles and machinery working in known weed, pest or pathogen infested
areas should be cleaned (scraped and washed or steam-cleaned) of all soil and
plant debris prior to commencing work within another precinct and especially on
a roads hosting ‘Vegetation Classification 1 or 2’.
Vehicles and machinery should be cleaned of all soil and washed down
thoroughly (at an approved location as determined by action plan) before being
transported to any new location.
Work zones are constructed to isolate high conservation areas, in order to
restrict movement of vehicles in and out of these areas. More rigorous hygiene
measures maybe necessary in these areas.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010
4.4 STORMWATER & DRAINAGE – EROSION & SEDIMENTATION CONTROL
Roads can bring about changes to the quality of water by contributing to sedimentation
and clouding of waterways. As an impervious surface roads increase and accelerate
run-off by preventing water from infiltrating the soil and leading to erosion. Erosion
produces sediment which silts drains, creeks and rivers.
Road construction and road maintenance operations can also contribute towards
erosion. (Also roads as transport routes may carry traffic with hazardous loads, which if
spilt, can contaminate water supplies and affect surrounding soil and vegetation).
Consideration needs to be given to road construction and maintenance activities that are
likely to impact on the quality of water. Be flexible in approaches to construction
techniques.
Remnant vegetation remaining on roadsides can help to maintain good water quality in a
number of ways. It can slow run-off and minimise the impact of stormwater on the soil
surface. It can also reduce total run-off through evapo-transpiration and the promotion
of infiltration. By acting as a filter to sediment, ground flora can help reduce the
sedimentation of streams and water storages.
OBJECTIVE: To improve the quality of water entering our waterways.
ACTION:



Design, construct and maintain table drains/cut-off drains, in a manner that
addresses the environmental consequence of stormwater run-off.
Incorporate best practice techniques into construction and maintenance
planning.
Undertake appropriate environmental awareness training for construction and
maintenance staff, adopting minimal soil disturbance methods.
POLICY
Council will ensure that best practice techniques are adopted for the management
of stormwater on road reserves.
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Guidelines



Roads should be designed and maintained so as to minimise runoff and erosion
and be located in areas that minimise the potential for vehicle accident spillage
reaching water supplies. In a proclaimed water catchment area the EPA, as the
reference authority, will be consulted.
On all cleared or degraded roadsides where management of run-off and erosion
is an issue, indigenous vegetation cover should be re-established to control
those problems.
Erosion can be minimised by:
 protecting existing vegetation cover
 minimising soil disturbance
 stabilising disturbed areas as works proceed
 making provision for stormwater runoff at the beginning of the job
 diverting all stormwater away from construction sites as determined
through site-specific planning

Design, construct and maintain table drains and cut-off mitre drains:
 to follow natural drainage lines;
 to reduce water velocity and runoff;
 to prevent water from flooding the road and roadside (except at times of
flash downpours);
 to cause minimum disturbance to the surrounding vegetation; and
 to minimise siltation of waterways and adjacent lands.

Spoil from drains to be directed towards the road pavement and removed to a
designated dump site unless it can be safely retained on the road shoulder.
Where spoil is spread over the road shoulder it must be maintained to prevent
weed establishment.


Windrowing drain material onto roadside vegetation must be avoided.
Remove vegetation growing within the effective part of a table drain (from edge
of road shoulder to the top of bank on the outer edge of the drain) which
interferes with the working of the drain or is a safety hazard.

Do not disturb stable roadsides and vegetation outside the effective part of the
table drain when maintaining table drains.
Construction of new drains in areas of roadside native vegetation requires
Native Vegetation Council approval. Water cut-off drains should be located as
far as is possible in areas devoid of native vegetation: care is also needed to
ensure that they do not deposit sediment into native vegetation or on to the
neighbouring private land.


Due consideration must be applied toward sheet water run-off and velocity
whereby water flow is controlled to reduce erosion and spoil/sediment onto road
reserve and adjoining land. Catchment and dissipation methods are to be
implemented to reduce unnecessary flow.
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4.5 SERVICE PROVISION
The road reserve has traditionally provided a readily negotiated site for the location of
utility services such as power, telecommunications, water and sewage. Such operations
may introduce weeds, pests and pathogens; cause erosion; and open up vegetation,
making it more vulnerable to damage.
OBJECTIVE: To minimise disturbance to roadsides, particularly indigenous
vegetation during the installation and maintenance of service assets whilst
maintaining a safe operating environment for the asset.
ACTIONS:
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


Establish relationships with all utility service providers; to negotiate proposed
works programs and issues pertaining to roadside management.
Ensure utility providers are informed about council policy and guidelines and
receive copies of relevant documents.
Arrange environmental education training for utility service provision personnel,
including sub-contractors.
Enter into formal agreements with service providers to operate within Council’s
policies and operational guidelines. Consider incentives such as a bond system
or rehabilitation fund.
In partnership with relevant service providers, jointly develop site specific plans
for areas of identified conflict eg Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3 roadsides.
POLICY
Council will ensure that the constructing authority and their agents will comply
with the relevant guidelines.
Maintenance Works
Associated with electricity supply and other infrastructure such as water and gas, are
permitted under Regulations 5(1)(f) and 5(1)(g) of the Native Vegetation Act, as long as
the person undertaking the clearance has given at least 10 business days notice in
writing outlining the proposed clearance to the Coorong District Council, unless the
proponent is following standard operating procedures agreed to by the Native Vegetation
Council.
The person undertaking the clearance must also follow any guidelines issued by the
Native Vegetation Council in relation to protecting native vegetation from the spread of
plant pathogens or noxious weeds, or from causing unnecessary damage during the
maintenance work.
Notification to the owner is required on the basis that the landholder is likely to be aware
of the latest information regarding plant pathogens or noxious weeds on the property.
The notification is not required in emergency situations, such as the need to restore
power following an outage.
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New Services
Require a submission to be made to the Native Vegetation Council (under Regulation
5(1)(d)), which will need to establish that:
• the service cannot be established without the need to clear some vegetation, and
• the site chosen contains the least significant native vegetation, provided that
construction is practicable on that site.
In particular, a proponent should seek to avoid areas containing a substantially intact
stratum of native vegetation. (A substantially intact stratum of native vegetation is
defined by sn 3A of the Native Vegetation Act 1991 as an area that, in the opinion of the
Native Vegetation Council, has not been seriously degraded by human activity (but not
degradation that has been caused by fire) during the immediately preceding period of 20
years. A ‘stratum’ of native vegetation means a layer of a plant community consisting of
plants that comprise native vegetation that have a similar growth habit. An area may be
considered to have an intact stratum, even if another stratum is degraded).
Approval for vegetation clearance for such developments is conditional on the
achievement of a significant environmental benefit elsewhere in the region to
compensate for the vegetation to be cleared. A management plan must be prepared that
describes the works that will result in the environmental benefit, which may include
providing for the management of other native vegetation, the restoration of native
vegetation, or the replanting of a cleared area. If this is not achievable on the property,
the applicant may apply (to the Native Vegetation Council) to make a payment into the
Native Vegetation Fund that will be used by the Native Vegetation Council to achieve an
environmental benefit elsewhere in the region.
Guidelines
 ‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3’ roadsides should be avoided when
planning for the location of new services. When the location of utility services
conflicts with the protection of remnant vegetation on roadsides, alternative
strategies need to be considered to ensure that the impact on any remnant
vegetation is kept to a minimum.
 Environmental costs and benefits must be considered when developing
alternative strategies for the location of services on the roadside.
 All plans for works on roadsides will be supplied to the responsible authority and
referred to the Natural Resources Officer, as soon as the information is
available. For major projects it is preferable to consider plans at least one year
in advance of works being undertaken. For day to day extension works it is
desirable to be notified as early as is practicable in advance of works being
undertaken.
 Where the proposed installation of services involves clearance of roadside
vegetation a site inspection with the constructing authority and/or DENR must be
organised as soon as possible, to determine the appropriate course of action.
Any information about the flora and fauna areas existing along the proposed
route should be obtained prior to the site inspection. Adjacent landholders and
any local people or groups with specialist knowledge of flora and fauna should
be consulted and where necessary included in the site inspection.
 Where the adjacent land is of lower conservation value than the roadside, the
service should wherever possible, be located on this land.
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AHC Roadside Vegetation Management Plan – November 2010

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Where the roadside and the adjacent land are both of high conservation value,
or where no agreement can be reached in regard to locating services on private
land, an alternative procedure that has the least impact to vegetation will be
implemented.
In the event that major works are required that modify existing indigenous
vegetation on roadsides, the site should be rehabilitated, by the constructing
authority, if possible at least to the standard it was before works commenced
In the event that minor works are required that modify existing indigenous
vegetation on roadsides, the site should be rehabilitated by the construction
authority, if possible to the standard it was before works commenced.
Any funds required to rehabilitate the site or to implement conservation practices
must be calculated as part of the overall cost of delivering the service.
Where works have an impact on the adjacent land the landholder should be
advised of works prior to commencement, by the service authority.
Any works carried out by, or under contract for, any service authority will follow
the Policies and Guidelines outlined in this management plan for the duration of
the contract.
A list of sites prioritising the use of alternative service delivery methods or the
relocation of overhead powerlines and abandonment of overhead powerlines for
alternative power sources or routes are developed by Council. Such a list may
include roadsides where trees are currently threatened, roadsides adjacent to
vegetation of high conservation significance and roadsides containing extensive
regenerating indigenous vegetation.
In South Australia a policy offsetting the effects of vegetation removal, by
replanting at a suitable nearby site, is advocated by the Native Vegetation
Council. If removal of entire plants is required, it is considered appropriate for
this policy to be adopted by the service utilities.
An interim review of sites affected by current and planned service delivery is
undertaken in cooperation with Adelaide Hills Council as a matter of urgency.
Council enter into an agreement with service utilities which is consistent with the
objectives and guidelines of this Road Reserve Management Plan
Council establish a mechanism to resolve issues and conflicts resulting from the
location of service utility assets or tree clearing practices.
Council will look for opportunities to co-ordinate work activities related to
vegetation removal by the Council and service utilities to minimise impacts to
vegetation.
Council will use the principles of minimum disturbance as a basis for
negotiations about planned vegetation removal to maintain prescribed zones
around powerlines.
Any vegetation that must be removed to maintain prescribed zones will be done
so according to the Vegetation Removal Policy and Guidelines page 44.
Existing or regenerating indigenous vegetation which at maturity will not grow
taller than 4 metres or intrude into legally defined ETSA Utilities clearance zones
will be retained on the roadside.
Works carried out by, or under contract for ETSA Utilities, will follow relevant
Policies and Guidelines outlined in this management plan for the duration of the
contract.
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


The service authority ensure that appropriate staff involved in installing services
or maintaining services will be instructed in vegetation recognition and
vegetation management and rehabilitation techniques. For example, the
preferred use of “tunnelling” methods as used by Telstra for example, to avoid
trenching for cable laying in significant vegetation sites.
A system of maps in comparable scales is developed to allow information to be
exchanged more easily between all authorities. In this way all future works
could be overlaid on a Roadsides Conservation Status Map to determine quickly
where conflicts are likely to exist.
Where native vegetation is to be cleared as part of service delivery, the service
authority should contribute to revegetation works at an appropriate, nearby site,
to offset the effects of the clearance.
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4.6 STOCKPILES, DUMP SITES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
Stockpile sites located strategically throughout a district are important for the efficient
functioning of road construction and road maintenance operations. Stockpiles of
materials such as gravel, blue metal or soil used in road works are often located on
roadsides close to wherever such works are occurring. This practice can however be
undesirable for a number of reasons. Remnant vegetation is sometimes cleared or
disturbed to make room for a temporary stockpile. Weed seeds and fungal pathogens
such as the cinnamon fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi, the root-rot fungus Armillaria
sp., can remain dormant in these piles and when material is moved from one site to
another result in the spread of weeds and disease around the district. Stockpiles are
often unsightly, clashing with the visual amenity and landscape quality of the road.
Similarly excess materials left over from road construction or road maintenance
operations must be disposed of at an appropriate site. By dumping such materials on
the roadside, remnant vegetation is often disturbed and the spread of weeds and
diseases enhanced.
OBJECTIVE: To manage the location of stockpiles and dumpsites to limit invasion
of materials into native vegetation, the spread of weeds / pathogens
and for the protection of the area’s amenity.
ACTIONS:



Identify suitable stockpile sites within the council area and prepare a map
showing locations.
Make the maps available to all personnel involved in roadside construction and
maintenance.
Include these maps in all tender documents and plans for construction.
POLICY
Council will ensure that the management of stockpiles, dump sites and waste will
be in accordance with current best practice environmental management.
Guidelines
 A set number of stockpile sites will be designated and approved by the Manager
Works at strategic locations throughout the district.
 All statutory authorities undertaking works in the Council district will be supplied
with a list and location map of designated stockpile sites by the Manager Works
or representative.
 Contractors undertaking works on behalf of an authority within the Council
boundaries will be supplied with a list and location map of designated stockpile
sites by that authority.
 Any works carried out that require stockpiling of materials will use designated
stockpile sites only.
 No new stockpile site can be created without the permission of the Manager
Works.
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No new stockpile site will be established in any area where the clearance of
indigenous vegetation would be required.
New stockpile sites will not be located on ‘Vegetation Classification 1 or 2’ road
reserves or road reserves adjacent to areas being managed for conservation
purposes.
New stockpile sites will not be located on drainage lines, floodways and culvert
areas.
Locations for stockpile sites will be selected with consideration of the visual
amenity and landscape values of the site.
The responsible authority will monitor stockpiles for weed growth and the
presence of pathogens and the necessary controls will be implemented.
New stockpile sites should, wherever possible be located on vacant public land
of low conservation value other than the road reserve or on ‘Vegetation
Classification 5’ road reserves.
Only the minimum space necessary to store materials and access the site will be
developed.
The boundaries of the stockpile site will be clearly contained within a delineated
zone and wherever possible screened from the road with a barrier of preferably
indigenous vegetation.
All weeds will be controlled prior to materials being stockpiled on a new site.
The use of stockpiles currently located on ‘Vegetation Classification 1 or 2’ road
reserves or road reserves adjacent to areas being managed for conservation
areas, should wherever possible, be phased out and the site restored with
indigenous vegetation.
In areas of high conservation value where no suitable stockpile site can be
found, the use of private land could be sought instead.
Inappropriate stockpile sites should be reviewed for relocation to new sites either
on a ‘Vegetation Classification 5’ roadside or vacant public land of low
conservation value close to the existing sites. The sites should then be restored
with appropriate vegetation. If no alternative sites are available the stockpiles
should be screened from the road with a barrier of appropriate vegetation.
No new dump site can be created without the permission of the Manager Works.
Dump sites, for disposing of excess materials from road construction or road
maintenance operations, pest plants and any other materials will be designated
at strategic locations throughout the district by the Manager Works.
All statutory authorities undertaking works in the Council district will be supplied
with a list and location map of dump sites, by the Manager Works or
representative.
Contractors undertaking works on behalf of an authority will be supplied with a
list and location map of designated dump sites by that authority.
Dump sites will not be located where clearance of indigenous vegetation would
result or where impacts could occur upon adjoining indigenous vegetation.
Any works carried out that require disposing of materials will use designated
dump sites only.
The Manager Works is responsible to monitor all dump sites and provide new
locations to all statutory authorities as becomes necessary.
Dump sites should not be located on drainage lines, floodways and culvert
areas.
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Ensure that stockpiles and dump sites are well located to minimise run-off during
wet weather or storm events; use retention barriers if necessary.
Dump sites should only be located in ‘Vegetation Classification’ 4 or 5 areas.
Weed growth around dump sites should be monitored and controlled by the
Manager Works or representative.
Litter, either personal or job related, will be removed at the end of the day or at
completion of works by the responsible party from the road reserve and
disposed of at a designated dump site.
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4.6 VEGETATION REMOVAL
Council has a moral and legal responsibility under the Road Traffic Act 1961 to ensure
safe and convenient routes of travel along roads under its care and control.
In order to maintain a safe travel system, protect service assets located on roadsides
and minimise the risk and impact of fire it is necessary at times to remove some
vegetation.
Great care must be taken to ensure that only the minimum vegetation is removed to
achieve the aims of the job, according to the specific requirements of the road. All other
vegetation should be disturbed as little as possible. It is important also that the method
used when removing vegetation minimises impact to the plant and the surrounding
vegetation. Trees in particular require correct pruning to enhance the natural callusing
process and maintain shape and form.
In South Australia a policy offsetting the effects of native vegetation removal, by reestablishing at a suitable nearby site, is advocated by the Native Vegetation Council. It
is considered appropriate for this approach to be adopted by Adelaide Hills Council.
Vegetation includes trees, shrubs and ground covers whether whole or in part, standing
live or dead, but excludes environmental or proclaimed pest plants.
Indigenous vegetation refers to vegetation locally native to a particular area.
OBJECTIVE: To limit the extent of clearing or pruning of vegetation to the specific
functional requirements of the road and to ensure that only
minimum vegetation is removed.
ACTIONS:

Develop relevant prescriptions for vegetation removal for the road clearance
envelopes as specified below in the accompanying Guidelines.

Adopt process for assessing vegetation hazard rating.

Train all staff involved in vegetation removal in correct tree pruning as specified
in the accompanying Guidelines.

Ensure all utilities and their delegates comply with Council policy and operational
guidelines.

Develop site specific operational guidelines for works undertaken in areas noted
by Council as being of particular significance or those areas viewed by the
community as being of a particularly sensitive nature.
POLICY
Council will ensure that projects requiring the removal of vegetation will be in
accordance with the provisions of the Vegetation Removal Guidelines.
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Guidelines
4.6.1 Legal and Moral Obligations

The prime responsibility of Council as a road authority is to ensure safe and
convenient routes of travel. The assessment of roadside vegetation for removal
must embody this responsibility.

With due regard for the intent of the Native Vegetation Act, 1991, the Council will
in the first instance refer all plans to remove, destroy or lop any indigenous
vegetation along any roadside for works not exempt by the Native Vegetation
Act to Council’s Natural Resources Officer. Where the Natural Resources Officer
has concerns with the level of clearance proposed, Council will consult with the
Native Vegetation Council (NVC) Secretariat to ensure compliance with the Act.

Council will refer all vegetation clearance possibly impacting on a matter of
national environmental significance under the Commonwealth Environment
Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 to the Commonwealth
Department of Environment and Heritage for approval.

When approval has been given to remove, destroy or lop any vegetation
(indigenous or otherwise), the responsible authority should ensure that no
vegetation, other than that specified in the approval is removed, destroyed or
lopped and that especially indigenous vegetation beyond the working zone is not
disturbed.

It is recommended the following be obligatory when assessing trees for removal
and prior to commencing works:
 An assessment made by the Manager Works, or Manager Assets as to
the need for tree removal; such reasons being root invasion, sight vision,
public safety and the safety of road users, visual amenity, etc.
 Consultation occurs with all relevant stakeholders;
 That nomination of a tree or trees for removal is not influenced by
financial profit;
 That suitable replacement vegetation for the site or suitable alternative
locations be considered;
 That where trees proposed for removal are of high amenity value, form
part of Main Street landscapes, or are likely to become emotional issues,
a report be given to Council or appropriate Council Committee seeking
resolution.
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4.6.2 Planning for Works

Section 142 of the Road Traffic Act allows for a maximum vehicle height of 4.3
metres. It is the responsibility of any road authority to ensure that vehicles that
comply with this maximum height can safely travel along the road network.

Any vegetation that is required to be removed or lopped as part of works exempt
under the Native Vegetation Act 1991 should be inspected prior to work
commencing. Only the minimum vegetation necessary to meet required works
will be removed.

Where entire native plants are removed as a part of a construction program,
sufficient replacement plants will be established at a suitable nearby site, so as
to achieve an overall environmental gain.

All native vegetation cleared for road safety purposes / fire hazard reduction
purposes, shall be disposed of in a way that does not impact upon the remaining
roadside vegetation. Options include:
 Chipping and spreading on site providing weed presence is low, or
 Where the amount of debris is likely to smother existing native plants
such as orchids, ground covers etc, removal to stockpile in areas/s void
of native vegetation for later disposal.

When planning for indigenous vegetation removal, consider opportunities for
plant rescue and or collection of propagating material.

When planning for non-indigenous vegetation removal, consider a range of uses
for the resource of the felled material. Eg. firewood, mulch.

Timing of pruning or tree felling should take into account seasonal bird nesting;
and should accommodate seed collection opportunities.

Works planning should incorporate opportunities to liaise/negotiate with adjacent
landholders where appropriate, to achieve best outcomes and minimise worksite impacts. Eg. using private property to:
 access the work site to avoid trampling roadside understorey vegetation;
 store plant and equipment;
 stockpile prunings.

Council should look for opportunities to coordinate activities with other
authorities/agencies in relation to vegetation removal, to minimise disturbance to
vegetation.

Declared species and vegetation considered a threat to commercial agriculture
should be removed or treated during road side maintenance/vegetation removal
operations.
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4.6.3 Clearance Envelopes for Construction & Maintenance
The two types of clearance envelope have been adopted according to the designated
road function are the ‘BOX’ envelope and the ‘DOME’ envelope.
The approach to the design of the clearance envelope in all cases is characterised by
the prime need for the safe passage for the road user and to minimise environmental
impacts and retain the desired landscape amenity.
These envelopes incorporate the formed carriageway, including the road shoulders that
are usually set at a minimum of 1 metre off the edge of the carriageway. These
shoulders may be wider for some roads.
It must be noted that under the Australian Road Rules it is an illegal action to cross a
single solid centre line. Therefore the clearance zones must ensure there is no
requirement of vehicle operators to cross the centre line to dodge overhanging
vegetation.
From a functional perspective, the canopy, branches, limbs and trunks must allow for the
passage of legal height vehicles (4.3 metres). To allow for regrowth between prunings
and sagging branches under wet or windy conditions, a minimum clearance height of 4.5
metres is required.
The clearance envelope also extends to a 300 mm visibility clearance around road signs
and guideposts. Any opportunity to relocate signs (subject to Australian Standards),
rather than undertake vegetation clearance should be considered.
Some flexibility is required to extend the width of the clearance envelope where
restricted line of sight would otherwise occur; and to accommodate other site specific
issues pertaining for example, to curves, crests and intersections.
Box envelope: allows for safe passing of maximum height vehicles and a margin of
driver error. The box envelope should apply to urban and rural arterial through-roads,
and any roads where centre lines are marked.
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Dome envelope: allows for safe passage of maximum height vehicle travelling along
negotiable route of minor urban and rural local access roads.
Within these envelopes:
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Clearance of vegetation less than 5yrs old does not require approval,
Consultation with the NVCS is required for vegetation between 5 to 10yrs old
If native vegetation over 10 years old is present in the approved clearance
envelope then approval must be sought from the Native Vegetation Council.
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4.6.4 Hazardous Vegetation
Vegetation may present an immediate hazard if it poses a risk to the safety of the road
user and the general public or if it is likely to become an immediate hazard before the
next inspection.
Vegetation can be deemed a hazard if:
 A tree/shrub or major limbs have been damaged or diseased, and are likely to
fall on the carriageway or cause damage to property adjacent the carriageway;
 A tree/shrub or limbs have been struck by vehicles and are likely to fall on the
carriageway or cause damage to property adjacent the carriageway;
 A tree/shrub and major limbs have become structurally unstable, as determined
by suitably experienced person and are likely to fall on the carriageway or cause
damage to property adjacent the carriageway.
Excluding emergencies where all contingencies cannot be met, it is expected that all
operations will be undertaken in accordance with the provisions of these Vegetation
Removal Guidelines.
4.6.5 Operational Techniques
 All attempts to carry out sawing, splitting and chipping of felled vegetation should
be done with due to regard to the understorey.

Pruning works will be carried out using the three-cut-method or a variation of the
three-cut-method, so as to minimise the extent of wounding and enhance the
natural callus formation.

Cut cleanly, using a three cut method on al but the smallest
branches. Avoid bark injury below the cut and never remove
or damage the branch collar, as this will reduce normal
callusing over the cut surface.
1. The under cut
2. The upper cut
3. The final trim cut. Cut close to, but not flush with the
main trunk or limb. Always cut on the outside of the
branch collar – this assists the tree in wound
healing (callusing) and provides a protective barrier
against decay.
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Tree stumps left after pruning or vegetation removal works will be cut as close
as possible to the ground.
On ‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3’ roadsides, vehicles and machinery
used during vegetation removal works will unless impossible, remain on the road
formation or in a designated site or on cleared, private land adjacent to the
roadside, negotiated for that use.
On ‘Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3’ roadsides where there is no alternative
for machines but to work on the road verge, equipment will be chosen to ensure
that disturbance to the vegetation is kept to the minimum.
Vegetation to be removed will be felled in the direction that minimises damage to
surrounding vegetation, preferably onto the road formation or a cleared area.
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4.6.6 Disposal of Material
Shrubs, logs, old or dead trees and small native plants are valuable for wildlife and
should be retained wherever possible unless they are a threat to safety or services.
Dead trees and naturally fallen limbs will be retained on the roadside to provide habitat
for wildlife, unless they pose a significant hazard as specified by the Manager Works or
representative or by the District Bushfire Prevention Officer.

Limbs on dead trees that pose a significant hazard as specified by the
appropriate Officer will be removed. The rest of the tree will be retained on the
roadside to provide habitat for wildlife.

Larger felled vegetation containing hollows should be retained on site to provide
habitat, or moved to another wildlife area where it can continue to provide
habitat.

Felled indigenous tree trunks and major branches removed during works will
be where possible, sawn into large lengths for:
1. Retention on the road reserve as habitat;
2. Relocation for use in other reserves as habitat;
3. Relocation to sites where the amenity of natural log bollards are appropriate to
delineate recreational trails or vehicle parking areas.

Small branches, shrubs and other light material removed during works will
be, where possible:
1. Chipped and preferably returned to the site in a manner that causes minimal
disturbance to surrounding vegetation;
2. Used in rehabilitation works nearby;
3. Stockpiled as mulch and made available for civic parks & gardens projects; or
4. Stockpiled as mulch and made available for specific community projects.
4.6.7 Weeds
 Environmental and declared pest plants are best dealt with in the following ways
to avoid spread of weed contaminants: (See Section Pest Plants)

Collect and transport weed material for disposal at an approved waste depot,
provided there are no prohibitions under the NRM Act 2004, relating to the
transport of certain proclaimed pest plants;

As there is no guarantee that composting will render weed material sterile, do
not chip weeds for mulch, especially if the vegetation contains mature seeds.
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4.6.8 Training

Council will ensure that appropriate staff and contractors involved in vegetation
removal are instructed in the correct pruning techniques.

Council in conjunction with other authorities/agencies, should undertake to train
appropriate outdoor staff in vegetation management and road reserve
conservation values and techniques
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4.6.9 Mistletoe
Mistletoe is the name given to many local indigenous species of semi-parasitic, epiphytic
plants, hosted by a range of native trees and shrubs. It is often erroneously regarded as
a pest plant.
The native species of Mistletoe perform a vital link in complex eco-systems. Several
species of Mistletoe are indigenous to South Australia and all are important in providing
habitat for native birds, insects and other fauna. All indigenous Mistletoe species are
protected under the Native Vegetation Act 1991.
In some disturbed areas the perceived infestation of mistletoe plants can appear to be
out of balance with their hosts. The factors involved in these infestations appear to be
linked with the extent of general vegetation clearance and the accompanying loss of
wildlife. Research has shown that the optimum approach to this situation is to
revegetate affected areas with a range of native plant species so as to help restore a
better balance between mistletoe and host plants.
However it is also accepted that the removal of mistletoe from badly affected trees and
shrubs may help prolong the lives of those trees. This applies in particular to
infestations of Box Mistletoe (Amyema miquelii). The removal of Box Mistletoe is exempt
under the Native Vegetation Act 1991 (Regulation 3(1) (s)) provided there is strict
compliance with guidelines endorsed by the Native Vegetation Council. (See Guidelines
below). All other native Mistletoe species under consideration for removal requires
clearance approval from the Native Vegetation Council.
OBJECTIVE: To maintain the health of roadside vegetation communities.
ACTIONS:
 Assess the impact (if any) of box mistletoe infestation on Category 1, 2 and 3
vegetation.
 Continue to evaluate on-going research into the role of Mistletoe in ecosystems.
POLICY
When Council is satisfied that a patch of roadside vegetation is
1. being seriously affected by an imbalance of box mistletoe and likely to
jeopardise the long-term health of the remnant vegetation and
2. where no other alternative exists,
Council will consider the removal of box mistletoe or the pruning of affected
limbs, in accordance with guidelines endorsed by the Native Vegetation Council.
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Guidelines (as supplied by the Native Vegetation Council)
1. Consultation and Endorsement
As box mistletoe can be a valuable plant in its own right, any removal on a
significant scale must be discussed with, and endorsed by, the Biodiversity
Monitoring and Evaluation Section or Native Vegetation Council Secretariat,
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). This requirement
applies in all situations except:
 where the mistletoe is within township boundaries; OR
 outside of township boundaries, where the mistletoe removal is from
ten trees or less
2. Subject to part 1 above, box mistletoe may be removed from trees where:

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the trees are scattered or isolated trees over pasture, along roadsides, or in
other situations where other native vegetation has been largely replaced by
exotics, and where the trees contribute significantly to the amenity of the
district or locality; AND
the trees are showing signs of significant die-back which are clearly linked
with the level of mistletoe infestation; AND
the removal complies with other conditions as set out below.
3. The following is to be used as a guide where mistletoe is to be removed:
(a) Class 1 (low) level infestation: tree apparently healthy: no significant loss of
tree foliage:

no mistletoe to be removed
NOTE: Some loss or fluctuation in the foliage cover of eucalypts is quite natural: as a
guide, 30% loss or more can be interpreted as indicating stress in trees where
mistletoe is present.
(b) Class 2 (moderate) level infestation: tree with signs of stress or dieback; 30%
to 40% of tree foliage lost with mistletoe being the only apparent factor:
up to 70% of the box mistletoe can be removed.
NOTE: This percentage can be increased, in consultation with DEH, where it is clear
from other trees in the vicinity that Class 2 infestations can eventually contribute to
more severe dieback.
(c) Class 3 (high) level infestation: trees clearly stressed: several mistletoe clumps
present and more than 40% of tree foliage lost:

all mistletoe can be removed from tree
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4. Method of Mistletoe Removal
The method of mistletoe removal must restrict the clearance to the mistletoe itself
and a minimal amount of the host tree.
In general the clearance of any vegetation containing hollows, or with the potential
to develop hollows, will not be permitted within these guidelines.
5. Contact Details
The Native Vegetation Council Secretariat and Biodiversity Monitoring and
Evaluation Section, Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) can
be contacted as follows:
Postal: GPO Box 1047 ADELAIDE 5001
Native Vegetation Council and Native Vegetation Council Secretariat
Native Vegetation and Biodiversity Unit
GPO Box 1047
Adelaide 5001
Ph - (08) 8303 9777
Fax - (08) 8303 9780
Email nvc@sa.gov.au
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4.7 HARVESTING PLANT MATERIAL
Council permission is required to harvest plant material from roadsides and also
requires consent from the Native Vegetation Council. Plant material includes seeds,
flowers, living timber, and cuttings.
Although not apparently frequent, the harvesting of foliage and flowers for the
commercial floral trade and private home use has occurred from time to time.
The practice of harvesting plant material from roadsides is undesirable for a number of
reasons, including:

risk management and public safety issues;

disturbance to vegetation and potential habitat destruction;

despoiling of local visual amenity and streetscapes;

potential transfer of weed seeds and disease.
The removal of plant material by other groups and members of the public requires the
prior approval of Adelaide Hills Council under the Local Government Act 1999 and the
South Australian Government Department of Environment and Natural Resources under
the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972.
Activities involving live timber harvesting or brush cutting (broom-bush) are subject to the
provisions of the Native Vegetation Act 1991, and the approval of the Native Vegetation
Council. Similarly flower harvesting and commercial seed and fruit collection may need
Native Vegetation Council consent (should substantial damage to native vegetation be
likely).
OBJECTIVE: To protect local roadside habitat, vegetation and visual amenity.
ACTION:


On-going promotion of policy.
Maintain a contact register for those who have expressed an interest in
salvaging plant material should it become available for disposal as part of a
Council/community project.
POLICY: Council will not permit the harvesting of plant material from roadsides,
other than under exceptional circumstances approved by Council.
Guidelines
 Any pruning or hedging of vegetation along roadsides to improve access or risk
management must be undertaken by Council staff or Council approved
operators.
 Any decision to allow the collection of plant material from roadsides by agents of
the floral industry will be based on a project by project assessment at the time of
request.
 Council should maintain a register of persons requiring supplies of plant material
for commercial or other purposes.
 In the event of planned works deeming that it is appropriate to dispose of plant
material by making it available for the floral industry or some other form of
commerce or for private use; and it is not required by Council for any other
purpose, Council will notify those registered.
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4.8 FIREWOOD COLLECTING AND TIMBER HARVESTING
Firewood collecting on roadsides is a common practice especially in sections of remnant
vegetation that includes dead timber. This practice is undesirable for a number of
reasons. Indigenous vegetation, particularly understorey, can be disturbed and
damaged and important habitat for wildlife is often removed.
Collection will only be permitted when it is proven necessary for fuel reduction, to assist
rabbit control, or to remove timber that is hazardous to traffic or fencing. Larger trees
with hollows, including dead trees, will be retained where practicable. Removal of dead
trees may require approval under the Native Vegetation Act if they are of a certain size
and are suitable as habitat for animals listed as threatened under the Environment
Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999). If trees with hollows are to be
removed, hollow sections will be transferred to remaining nearby trees. If a permit to
collect fallen timber is granted it should clearly specify that care be taken not to damage
any surrounding native vegetation.
Native Vegetation Council approval is not required for removal of dead timber unless (as
defined by the Native Vegetation Regulations 2003) it comprises trees of a species
native to South Australia (a) that have a trunk circumference (measured at a point 300
mm above the base of tree) of 2 metres or more; and (b) that provide or have the
potential to provide, or are a part of a group of trees or other plants (whether dead or
alive) that provide, or have a potential to provide, a habitat for animals of a listed
threatened species under the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999 of the
Commonwealth.
OBJECTIVE: To protect important habitat material and preserve and enhance vital
ecosystem components.
ACTION:


On-going promotion of policy stated below.
Investigate application of appropriate and strategically placed signage.
POLICY
Council will not permit the collection of firewood and harvesting of timber on
roadsides, other than under exceptional circumstances approved by Council.
Guidelines




Encourage the establishment of private woodlots.
Initiate a community education program about the habitat value of dead wood
and provide information about alternative firewood supplies and firewood
regulations.
Develop a Firewood Provision Plan and investigate the issue of supplying
firewood and opportunities for establishing community woodlots
Investigate opportunities on public land of low conservation value where
woodlots for firewood could be grown.
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4.9 LAND SUBDIVISIONS / ROADWAY ACCESS
When applications for new roadway access provision or development applications for
land subdivisions are at the planning stage, great care must be taken to ensure that
remnant vegetation that remains on roadside and private land is not needlessly
destroyed to build new roads or to provide access onto existing roads. Careful planning
for rehabilitation combined with innovative thinking can help to maximise the
conservation of remnant vegetation.
Where some clearance of native vegetation is unavoidable, it can proceed without
Native Vegetation Council approval if it follows the standards below. Clearance approval
is needed through the Native Vegetation Council Secretariat for any proposed clearance
of native vegetation for access which exceeds these standards.

For normal vehicle access: five metres wide plus minimum clearance along the
road reserve needed to provide adequate sight distance.

For wider farm vehicles: ten metres wide plus minimum clearance along the road
reserve needed to provide adequate sight distance.
Furthermore, if there is more than one option which will provide safe access, the option
which involves least disturbance of native vegetation should be selected.
OBJECTIVE: To limit the impacts of new developments and access route
modifications on the flora and fauna of existing roadsides and/or in the private
land being subdivided.
ACTIONS:

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Thoroughly investigate and assess site for potential impacts of single allotment
development or multiple allotment subdivision before issuing development
approval.
Thoroughly investigate and assess site for potential impacts of new/modified
roadway access routes before approving access requests.
POLICY
Council will negotiate with developers to prepare plans for subdivision and/or
access routes that minimises adverse environmental impacts on abutting
roadsides and/or within the subdivision.
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Guidelines
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Prior to drawing up plans for a new subdivision the Manager, Service Planning,
the Natural Resources Officer, the Planning Officer and the land developer will
meet on site to determine in part, how the subdivision will be designed to
minimise impact on remnant vegetation remaining on ‘Vegetation Classification
1, 2 or 3’ roadsides and to ensure where possible, that remnant vegetation
remaining on private land is not destroyed to build new roads.
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Where vegetation is threatened, plans will be designed in a manner that has the
least impact on remnant vegetation and minimises vegetation loss. Any
information about the flora and fauna existing on roadsides or private land likely
to be modified by the road works, should be included in development application
and/or access requests.
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Adjacent landholders and any local people or groups with specialist knowledge
of flora and fauna should be consulted and where necessary, included in the site
inspection.
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Be aware of the need for hygienic practice with respect to earthworks and the
import or export of soil borne weeds and pathogens.
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Involve the Real Estate industry as part of the network to inform new landholders
of their legal and moral obligations with respect to the management of adjacent
roadsides.
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Investigate in consultation with landholders and developers, opportunities to
maximise conservation of remnant vegetation and/or other significant features,
in relation to roadway access proposals.
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As applicable, seek approval under the Commonwealth Environment Protection
and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
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4.10 BUSHFIRE PREVENTION
Review of this Section should occur before the 2011-2012 bushfire season, and be
consistent with the Regional Bushfire Prevention Plan under the Fire and Emergency
Services Act 2005, (Bushfire Prevention Plans will be reviewed once Bushfire
Management Committees for each region are established).
Roads and roadsides play an important role in bushfire prevention, particularly in rural
areas. Road managing authorities have a dual responsibility of managing roads for
bushfire prevention under the Emergency Services Act 2005 and for the conservation of
flora and fauna under the Native Vegetation Act 1991. To achieve these goals requires
careful planning, a thorough evaluation of all the issues involved and a reasoned
approach to decision making. Integration of weed control activities will in many
instances achieve the desired objectives for bushfire prevention and nature
conservation, eg conversion of Phalaris grassland to a good cover of native understorey.
The Fire and Emergency Service Act 2005 places the responsibility on Council to take
reasonable steps to prevent or inhibit the outbreak and spread of fire on road sides.
Section 105G of the Fire and Emergency Services Act 2005 requires that:
(1) A council that has the care, control or management of land
(a) in the ountry; or
(b) in a designated urban bushfire risk area,
must take reasonable steps –
(c) to prevent or inhibit the outbreak of fire on the land; and
(d) to prevent or inhibit the spread of fire through the land: and
(e) to protect property on the land from fire; and
(f) to minimise the threat to human life from fire on the land
Under the Native Vegetation Act 1991, the clearance of native vegetation to reduce the
levels of combustible materials can occur if the works are undertaken in accordance with
an approved bushfire prevention plan or is authorised by the Chief Officer (or authorised
delegate) of the SA CFS., ie. under Regulation 5A part (b)(ii) where the clearance (A) is required or authorised by, and undertaken in accordance with, a bushfire
prevention plan; or
(B) is undertaken in accordance with the written approval of the Chief Officer of SACFS.
Adelaide Hills Council does currently undertake vegetation clearance for bushfire hazard
reduction on roadsides. At present only slashing is used by Adelaide Hills Council to
reduce vegetation loads.
OBJECTIVE: To manage roadside vegetation to minimise fire threat to life and
property and for the conservation of flora and fauna.
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ACTION:
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Refer to section Conservation Values - Site Specific Management – page 2
Have Bushfire Prevention and Natural Resources personnel review nominated
locations for strategic hazard reductions and assess for appropriate
management or alternative hazard reduction zones.
Map location of Vegetation Classification 1 and 2 areas and threatened species
to be considered in the preparation of local and regional Bushfire Prevention
Plans.
POLICY
Council will have regard to the guidelines of the Roadside Vegetation
Management Plan when developing and reviewing the Regional and Local
Bushfire Prevention Plans under the Fire and Emergency Services Act 2005.
Guidelines
Where bushfire hazards are identified the following points outline the approval
requirements for clearance of native vegetation:
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No approval is required for clearing a five metre wide fire break on a roadside if
it was legally established and cleared in the previous year, or if no native
vegetation is present.
Internal approval (by Local Council Fire Prevention Officer in liaison with
Regional Fire Prevention Officer of the CFS) is required for clearing a legally
established fire break if it was cleared prior to the previous year but before five
years, and natural regeneration may have occurred since. Such fire breaks are
to be reviewed prior to clearance to see if they are in the appropriate location
and ensure the appropriate methodology (rolling or slashing) or whether the fuel
break should be located on adjacent cleared land, or whether the clearance
width can be reduced.
New breaks across the width of a road reserve and extending up to 20 metres
along the roadside, and not less than 500m apart, on previously cleared land or
areas without native vegetation such as gateways, may be approved internally,
without the need to seek Native Vegetation Council approval.
Formal Native Vegetation Council approval for vegetation clearance will be
required when any new fuel reduction works involve clearance of roadside native
vegetation, unless in accordance with District Bushfire Prevention Plan under
the Fire and Emergency Service Act 2005, or through an application to the CFS
Regional Prevention Officer under Native Vegetation Regulation 5A (see
www.cfs.sa.gov.au ‘Native Vegetation Management’).
In accordance with the Native Vegetation Act 1991, all plans for works on
roadsides not exempt under the Act will be supplied by the responsible authority
and referred to the Native Vegetation Council, as soon as the information is
available, preferably in advance of works being undertaken.
Required fuel reduction on roadsides will be achieved, as far as possible,
through the management of exotic vegetation.
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All threatened flora and fauna areas existing on roadsides designated as
strategic or tactical firebreaks will be recorded in the District Bushfire Prevention
Plan and clearly identified and protected on the ground by the responsible
authority prior to any works being carried out.
All bushfire prevention works on Vegetation Classification 1, 2 or 3 roadsides will
be monitored and evaluated on an annual basis preferably in consultation with a
fire ecologist or officer of DENR. All works must be shown to meet the
objectives of the District Bushfire Prevention Plan and the Native Vegetation Act
1991.
All bushfire prevention works on roadsides will be authorised by the Manager
Works or the District Bushfire Prevention Officer and shall be in accordance with
the District Bushfire Prevention Plan.
Hazard reduction works to be undertaken on roadsides will be in strict
accordance with minimum disturbance techniques eg no ploughing or grading.
Any landholder wishing to undertake bushfire prevention works on roadsides
must seek prior approval from the Manager Assets, Works & Infrastructure,
District Bushfire Prevention Officer and the Natural Resources Officer. Works
will be carried out in accordance with the District Bushfire Prevention Plan.
The District Bushfire Prevention Plan will include the conservation category of
roadsides designated as strategic or tactical firebreaks. Current bushfire
prevention works outlined in the District Bushfire Prevention Plan should be
evaluated to ensure that works are being undertaken in a manner that allows for
optimum protection and enhancement of indigenous vegetation. As more
information becomes available on flora and fauna management the District
Bushfire Prevention Plan should be updated accordingly.
Wherever possible, strategic and tactical firebreaks should be constructed on
private land of low conservation value or on known Vegetation Classification 4 or
5 roadsides.
The District Bushfire Prevention Plan will include the conservation category of
roadsides of narrow or ‘dead-end’ roads requiring turnarounds for emergency
vehicles.
Where the roadside and the adjoining land are both of significant conservation
value or no alternative exists but to locate the firebreak on the roadside it will be
constructed in such a way that minimises damage to native vegetation.
Firebreak methods will be jointly determined by Bushfire Prevention and Natural
Resources personnel.
On Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3 roadsides where flora and fauna are
threatened by fuel reduction works, all works will be undertaken in such a way
that has the least impact to flora and fauna. Prescribed management options will
be determined from a site-specific assessment in cooperation with the Bushfire
Prevention Officer, Natural Resources Officer and/or an agent of the Native
Vegetation Council. An appropriate officer as determined by the Adelaide Hills
Council will supervise the activity.
Where fuel reduction is needed on Vegetation Classification 1, 2 or 3 roadsides,
it should be achieved through selective control of any exotic species present.
Where this will not achieve the desired fuel reduction, prescribed management
options will be determined from a site-specific assessment in cooperation with
the Bushfire Prevention Officer, Natural Resources Officer and/or an agent of
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the Native Vegetation Council.
Slashing should be carried out at a time that retards the growth of exotic grasses
and prevents seed set and enhances the growth of indigenous understorey and
allows seed set, and conserves significant plants if any are present. Areas of
regenerating indigenous vegetation will be clearly identified on the ground by the
Natural Resources Officer before slashing operations are undertaken and
avoided while works are being undertaken. Indigenous understorey should not
be slashed on an annual basis. Programs could be devised to combine
herbicide spraying, slashing and burning, as long as there is a solid program of
follow-up maintenance to achieve both bushfire prevention and conservation
objectives. There are any number of alternatives available that should allow both
bushfire prevention and conservation objectives to be achieved.
On Vegetation Classification 1, 2, and 3 roadsides in areas of exotic grass and
weeds, blades on machines should be set according to CFS recommendations,
approximately 100 mm above ground level.
The use of herbicides to maintain a firebreak is prohibited except to control
exotic grass and weed growth on Vegetation Classification 4 & 5 roadsides and
subject to the approval of the Manager Works.
Fuel reduction burning is not recommended unless it can be shown to favour a
desirable species or community of vegetation and only with approval of the
Native Vegetation Council. ‘Prescribed burning’ of small and linear remnants
(eg roadsides) can favour a broad range of exotic pest plant species and
invasive grasses. This can lead to on-going management issues.
The District Bushfire Prevention Committee liaise with the Natural Resources
Officer to share advice on local flora and fauna.
The Council undertake an education program to provide the community with
information about bushfire prevention issues.
Landholders are provided with information on how to reduce the fire risk around
their properties without damaging flora and fauna values.
The Council monitor the spread of weeds that may result from bushfire
prevention works especially those weeds that spread into native vegetation.
That Council encourage the Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Native Vegetation Council, Native Vegetation and Biodiversity Unit to provide
increased time and funds to be channelled into researching the effects of
burning regimes on native flora and fauna and weed species survival and
distribution.
All native vegetation cleared for road safety purposes / fire hazard reduction
purposes, shall be disposed of in a way that does not impact upon the remaining
roadside vegetation. Options include:
o Chipping and spreading on site providing weed presence is low
o Where the amount of debris is likely to smother existing native plants
such as orchids, ground covers etc, removal to stockpile in areas/s void
of native vegetation for later disposal.
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5. LANDSCAPE, HERITAGE AND RECREATIONAL VALUES
It is not unusual for sites of particular landscape and heritage values to be located on
roadsides. For the same reason that remnant vegetation remains on roadsides, so too
do other elements, having survived a myriad of degrading influences.
ROADSIDES ASSIST IN THE PROMOTION OF TOURISM
Roads and scenic drives are an important recreational facility and tourist attraction. The
level of enjoyment experienced when moving along a road is likely to be enhanced by
the presence of indigenous vegetation. Popular tourist drives often travel along roads
containing good examples of local indigenous vegetation.
ROADSIDES PROVIDE CULTURAL AND HERITAGE VALUES
Important sites of Aboriginal heritage, archaeological significance and early European
settlement can be found on roadsides. Aboriginal relics such as scarred trees and
campsites have been located on roadsides. Historic bridges, stone fences or the routes
taken by early explorers can contribute to the conservation significance of many roads
and roadsides.
ROADSIDES CONTRIBUTE TO AESTHETIC AND LANDSCAPE VALUES
Roadsides supporting indigenous vegetation very often provide the only impression
people have of what the surrounding landscape would have been like prior to European
settlement. Similarly those streetscapes supporting ornamental vegetation typify the
historical legacy created by our district’s early settlers.
This ‘front garden’ of various precincts is what our visitors see.
ROADSIDES PROVIDE RECREATIONAL TRAIL LINKS
Many recreational trails already exist along road reserves, providing natural links with
National Parks, Conservation Parks, State Forests and other reserves. They also
complement access to private property where owners permit the passage of recreational
walkers, cyclists and horse riders.
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5.1 VISUAL AMENITY AND LANDSCAPE VALUES
Vegetation on roadsides plays an important role in contributing to visual amenity and
landscape values. Landscape character of an area can contribute to its appeal as a
tourist destination. Roadside vegetation can define this character and often is the
districts “front garden” for visitors.
Maintaining and upgrading the visual amenity and landscape value of roadsides is an
important aspect of roadside management in the District.
OBJECTIVE: To maintain and restore the visual amenity and landscape value of
roadsides.
ACTION:
 Identify and record sites of significant vegetation e.g. plantings of honour,
significant specimens, significant vegetation precincts and communities or
threatened species.
 Develop local Significant Vegetation and Landscape Register. (See Appendices)
 Identify and record recognised tourist routes.
 Implement Roadside Marker Scheme for identified sites.
POLICY
Council will have due regard to the visual amenity and landscape value of
roadsides when considering vegetation modification, roadworks, site
rehabilitation, revegetation projects, requests for ornamental plantings, planning
and development issues and bushfire prevention strategies.
Guidelines
 Council’s Works & Infrastructure Committee in conjunction with Parks and
Gardens staff and/or Natural Resources staff could help to develop maintenance,
restoration and enhancement projects for roadsides that help define desired or
site-specific visual amenity and landscape requirements.
 Refer to Roadside Marker Scheme.
 A program for restoring or revegetating Vegetation Classification 3 roadsides on
a priority basis, where the roadside is neither a Strategic Wildlife Corridor or in
conflict with the recommendations of the District Bushfire Prevention Committee
will be prepared. Main roads and entrances into townships or communities
should be given highest priority. Any opportunities to provide vista should be
considered at the planning stage and incorporated into the landscape design.
 Avenues of Honour or plantings of exotic species recognised as significant from
a heritage perspective, even at a local level, will be recorded and protected and
replaced if losses are incurred, as approved by the Manager Works.
 Significant landscapes, even at a localised level, as identified by Council will be
recorded and conserved.
 Roads should be designed to blend into the surrounding landscape whenever
this is possible.
 Inappropriate constructions or signage should not obstruct scenic views from the
road.
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Rubbish to be cleaned up from roadsides on a regular basis.
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Investigate ways of reducing the incidence of domestic rubbish dumping .
5.2 CULTURAL AND HERITAGE VALUES
Whilst the focus of this management plan is about stewardship of the road reserves in
Council’s care to fulfil legal requirements and to conserve and enhance biodiversity, it is
also appropriate to acknowledge the original Aboriginal custodians of the land as well as
early European settlers.
As well as significant vegetation, roadsides contain items of national, regional and local
cultural and heritage significance.
OBJECTIVE: To ensure the protection of roadside sites that have been identified
as having cultural or heritage values.
ACTIONS:
 Identify and record sites of cultural and heritage significance
 Undertake local heritage survey and create a local heritage register.
 Implement roadside marker scheme for identified sites.
POLICY
Council will use the Roadside Marker System and related procedures to identify
and include valuable sites on the Roadside Marker System Database, to assist the
protection of sites of cultural and heritage value.
Guidelines
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Councils Heritage Advisory Group and staff could help to co-ordinate surveys
and database records for sites of cultural and heritage significance.
Refer to Roadside Marker System.
The National Trust of South Australia has in the past kept a register of classified
and recorded landscapes and significant trees. The responsibility for adapting
National Trust data, and developing and maintaining a local register lies with
Council. Landscapes or trees thought to be of significance can be nominated for
inclusion in the district register.
The SA Museum and other relevant organisations/agencies are contacted to
determine if and where any Aboriginal, archaeological or geological sites of
significance exist on roadsides throughout the district, so that these areas can
be protected.
The SA Museum and other relevant organisations/agencies are contacted when
any new Aboriginal, archaeological or geological sites are found or thought to be
found on roadsides throughout the district.
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5.3 WAYSIDE STOPS
Wayside stops such as service centres, rest areas, scenic look-outs, truck-parking areas
bus shelters and information bays at strategic locations between towns along the road
network are important for both the function of the road and the safety of drivers.
Wayside stops in very scenic areas can also be the destination for recreation.
Typically, wayside stops will be established along main roads in the district by the
Department Transport Energy Infrastructure (DTEI) but will intrude into the roadside
zone, which primarily is the responsibility of Council.
OBJECTIVE: To minimise the environmental impact on roadside vegetation and
other significant features by appropriately locating and constructing wayside
stops.
ACTION:
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Incorporate assessment of potential impact on roadside vegetation and other
significant features, during the planning phase for development of wayside
stops.
POLICY
Council will ensure that all plans for the development of wayside stops on
roadsides will have due regard of current best environmental practice.
Guidelines
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All plans for wayside stops on roadsides will be supplied by the responsible
authority and referred to the Natural Resources Officer, as soon as the
information is available, preferably one year in advance of works being
undertaken. For day to day extension works, notice will be provided one month
in advance of works being undertaken.
Prior to choosing a site for a wayside stop on any roadside the Manager Assets,
the Natural Resources Officer and the facility designer will meet in the general
area to determine a suitable location and the most appropriate type of facility for
the area. The location of the facility will be determined in part by any natural,
scenic, cultural or historic features on the roadside and by the distances from
one stop to another. The type of facility suitable for the area will be determined
after considering a number of factors including impact on flora and fauna,
environmental issues, fire risk and road safety.
Wayside stops will not be developed on sites of significance, including
Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3 roadsides.
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Where the works proposed is likely to have a significant impact on the flora or
fauna, a concept plan detailing proposed works will be displayed publicly in a
central location for a period of time as deemed necessary by the Manager
Assets, giving due regard to the extent of works being undertaken. A notice
should be placed in the local paper for the same time period detailing proposed
works and the location of the concept plan. At this time the Council should also
request help from any individuals or groups interested in collecting seed to be
used in rehabilitation works, if appropriate.
Where the removal of indigenous vegetation is proposed in the establishment of
a wayside stop, prior consultation will occur with the Native Vegetation Council.
(A clearance application may be required under the Native Vegetation Act 1991).
All comments received should be recorded and considered prior to final plans
being prepared.
The final plan if amended will be displayed publicly in a central location for a
period of time as deemed necessary by the Manager Assets. A notice should be
placed in the local paper for the same time period detailing works and location of
the final plan.
All relevant information such as vegetation to be retained, rehabilitation works,
the location of stock pile and dump sites, machinery and vehicle parking sites,
access roads and erosion control, including drainage and temporary silt traps,
will be listed and clearly marked on the final plan.
Borrow pits to extract fill such as soil and other materials will not be dug on the
roadside unless it is within the construction zone and vegetation will not be
disturbed. Topsoil should be removed and stored separately prior to works
being undertaken and spread over the area at completion of works.
Guidelines listed in Functional Values, section 4.1 Road Construction
Maintenance should be followed.
Council should carry out an assessment to locate various types of wayside stops
and their location throughout the district. Where wayside stops exist on a
Strategic Wildlife Corridor and their function has become redundant for some
reason or another, these areas should be rehabilitated either by allowing the
area to regenerate naturally or be restored with indigenous vegetation.
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5.4 ROADSIDES ABUTTING CONSERVATION LANDS
Roadsides can provide suitable buffers, to enhance areas of significant conservation
value on adjacent property contained in State Forest or National Parks, Heritage
Agreement Areas or Land for Wildlife Properties or private sanctuaries.
OBJECTIVE: To protect and enhance the conservation value of remnant
vegetation on properties abutting road reserves.
ACTION:
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Identify and map all road reserves abutting State Forests, National Parks,
National Trust Reserves, Heritage Agreement areas, Land for Wildlife, Private
Sanctuaries and other public utilities such as ETSA Utilities and SA Water.
Consult with affected landholders to develop appropriate management
strategies.
POLICY
Council will undertake appropriate works on roadsides, to assist the conservation
of remnant vegetation where the road reserve abuts or cuts through property
being managed for the purpose of conservation.
Guidelines
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The landholders or the responsible authority will be contacted by Council prior to
any works being carried out on a roadside that abuts or cuts through a state or
national forest or heritage agreement areas or land for wildlife property or private
flora & fauna reserve.
Where works required are likely to have a significant impact on conservation
values and site rehabilitation will be necessary, notice will be given one year in
advance of works being undertaken.
Where routine maintenance works are required that are likely to have little or no
impact to conservation values, notice will be given 28 days in advance of works
being undertaken.
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5.5 PLANTING ON ROADSIDES
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All plantings on roadsides require the consent of Council.
The management status of roadsides is not commonly understood, especially
with respect to plantings undertaken without due authorisation.
 Many instances of roadside plantings are inappropriate, causing problems for
conservation of indigenous vegetation, risk management, sight vision, bushfire
prevention, service provision and cultural and visual amenity.
Such plantings may for a variety of reasons include:
 extension of the front garden
 screening for noise and privacy
 windbreaks and shelter belts
 buffers and revegetation.
OBJECTIVE: To encourage appropriate plantings and prevent inappropriate
plantings being undertaken on road reserves.
ACTIONS:
 Use local media and Council publications to advise the community of the need to
seek authorisation for any plantings on road reserves.
 Develop recommendations for suitable plant species for use at a localised level.
 Use a broad-based network to inform the community about appropriate species,
including nurseries, environmental groups and specific interest groups.
 Consult the Bushfire Prevention Officer at the planning stage to ensure there is
no conflict with the District Bushfire Prevention Plan.
 Develop application processes to regulate roadside planting requests.
 Inform the community about the Policy stated below.
POLICY
When considering requests for roadside plantings, Council will have due regard to
the relevant guidelines of the Road Reserve Management Plan.
Guidelines
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After approving revegetation projects, Council will ensure the maintenance of the
plants, in cooperation with support agencies or groups or adjoining landholders
where involved, until the plants are able to look after themselves, approximately
two years post planting. Long term maintenance of the vegetation will be
determined at the planning stage of the project. Usually this will involve weed
control only. The Manager Works or appropriate officer will monitor the site and
make sure it is maintained in cooperation with support agencies or groups or
adjoining landholders where involved, to give the plants every opportunity to
survive.
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5.6 HORSE RIDING
Horse riding along tracks through natural bushland areas is an important part of our
cultural and historic heritage and legitimate use of the roads. Horse riding however, for
reasons similar to moving livestock, can impact upon remnant vegetation. Native plants
are generally not adapted to recovery from the hard-hoofed traffic of horses and
resulting soil disturbance creates the opportunity for weeds to invade. Horses can also
spread weeds and disease contained in their hooves and manure, from one area to
another.
OBJECTIVE:
To provide active management of horse use to minimise
1. the environmental impact on roadside vegetation
(specifically on Category 1, 2 and 3 vegetation);
2. the potential impacts on other items of significance.
ACTIONS:
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Locate and map current bridle trails on road reserves throughout the district.
Investigate impacts on Vegetation Classification 1, 2 and 3 locations.
Negotiate with appropriate stakeholders the preparation of a suitable trail network
and appropriate management guidelines.
Review the suitability or otherwise of allocating shared space for trail uses other
than horse riding.
POLICY
Horse trails will not be established along Vegetation Classification 1, 2 or 3
roadsides, unless in exceptional circumstances as approved by Council.
Horse trails will not be established along roadsides that form part of a Strategic
Wildlife Corridor or revegetation site, unless in exceptional circumstances as
approved by Council.
APPROVAL PROCEDURES
The development of any recreational trails along road reserves must include consultation
with the local council and with the Native Vegetation Council Secretariat, where the trail
would pass through or immediately alongside native vegetation.
Clearance approval from the Native Vegetation Council is needed for any trail
development involving clearance of native vegetation.
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Guidelines
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A starting point for policy development is to map favourite riding trails and
investigate on site the impact or likely impact horse riding may be having on
roadside vegetation and other items of significance.
 Options available to minimise the impact of horse riding may include:
 signpost areas of special environmental significance to alert horse riders
to take special care
 fence around areas of special environmental significance on popular
bridle paths
 fence off well-worn and popularly used bridle paths to prevent horses
deviating from the track and damaging other areas,
 permit riding only on specified trails and clearly signpost these areas maximise opportunities to use areas that have already been disturbed,
 prepare a leaflet to provide information to horse riders on designated
horse riding trails and significant environmental areas along the way,
 involve members of the horse-riding fraternity in bushcare workshops
 Council should further develop and implement a district horse riding policy in
consultation with relevant groups, consistent with the State Horse Strategy.
 The Manager, Service Planning, or an appropriate officer could initiate
discussions with Pony Clubs and Trail Rides operating within the district to
develop a horse riding policy to protect significant environmental areas along
roadsides.
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5.7 OFF-ROAD VEHICLES
Illegal use of off-road vehicles on roadsides occurs throughout our region for a variety of
reasons. Many of these vehicles are unregistered, and cause damage to roadside
vegetation.
This section refers to all unauthorised traffic on roadsides including bicycles, mountain
bikes, trailbikes, motorbikes and All-Terrain-Vehicle motorbikes, horse riding, go-kart
and billy-carts etc.
OBJECTIVE: To prevent environmental damage to roadsides caused by a range of
off- road vehicles.
ACTION:
 Initiate discussions with relevant stakeholders (eg Department Transport Energy
Infrastructure DTEI, Rural Watch, Neighbourhood Watch, Police and community
groups) to help discourage illegal activity.
 Identify and assess sites being damaged by a range of off-road vehicles, with a
view to stopping the activity and negotiating rehabilitation strategies.
 Review the provision of recreational opportunities for trail bike users.
POLICY
Council will not authorise the establishment of trails along roadsides for use by
trail bikes or off-road vehicles; nor endorse the use of unregistered vehicles on
the roadside.
Guidelines
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Any existing use of roadsides by unregistered and unauthorised traffic should be
determined and reported.
Any new incursions along roadsides by unregistered and unauthorised traffic
should be reported.
The National Road Rules will generally subject horse riders to the same road
traffic regimes as apply to motor vehicles.
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6 TOWNSHIPS & STREETSCAPES VALUES
6.1 STREETSCAPES
Vegetation along urban streetscapes contributes to the visual amenity, heritage and
landscape values of our townships. The accepted streetscape character of an area can
contribute to its appeal as a tourist destination. Both local indigenous vegetation and
exotic ornamental vegetation can define this streetscape character. Tree lined avenues
are of particular value to modified urban landscapes.
Maintaining and upgrading the visual amenity, heritage and landscape values of our
urban streetscapes is an important aspect of overall roadside management in the
District.
It is important that the next generation of residents within and around our District’s
townships, is provided with streetscapes that have been enjoyed by the current
generation.
OBJECTIVE: To maintain and restore the visual amenity, heritage and landscape
value of urban streetscapes.
ACTION:

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
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
Identify and record sites of significant streetscape precincts including isolate
locations of ornamental or remnant vegetation.
Identify and record sites of significant trees and other vegetation within and
around our townships.
Identify and record recognised tourist routes.
Implement Roadside Marker Scheme for identified sites.
Be aware and address any issues of deleterious, incidental signage for
commercial advertising or community information.
POLICY
Council will have due regard to the visual amenity, heritage and landscape value
of streetscapes and significant trees and other vegetation when considering
vegetation modification, roadworks, site rehabilitation, revegetation projects,
requests for ornamental plantings, planning and development issues and bushfire
prevention strategies.
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Guidelines




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

Council and other advisory groups or personnel could help to co-ordinate
surveys and maintain database records for sites of visual amenity, heritage and
landscape significance.
Refer to Roadside Marker System.
The National Trust of South Australia’s (NTSA) historical register of classified
and recorded landscapes and significant trees has been adapted and
maintained by Council. Landscapes, trees and other vegetation thought to be of
significance can be nominated for inclusion in the district register. (Refer
Appendices)
It would be useful to share information about sites of state significance within the
Council district, between Council and the NTSA for inclusion in their respective
registers.
Nominated or assessed sites throughout the district, of visual amenity, heritage
and landscape value forming urban streetscapes, should be formally recognised
and protected.
As applicable, seek approval under the Commonwealth Environment Protection
and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
Development, maintenance and replacement programs for streetscapes must
consider the appropriateness of plant species. General project activities and the
selection of species will entail:
 an assessment of the existing visual amenity, landscape and heritage
character of a given precinct, ie landscape theme;
 limitations created by road safety requirements; ETSA Utilities overhead
wires; invasive roots; level of hazardous material which drops from trees,
such as berries or woody capsules; resource requirements for the
establishment and maintenance of vegetation eg aspect, light levels,
soils, additional nutrients, drainage and water; catchment management
issues such as seasonal leaf litter; bushfire prevention; pedestrian
access;
 Consultation with local residents, neighbours and the wider community
about proposals and works programs is essential.
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7 APPENDICES
7.1 Glossary
For the purposes of the plan the following definitions apply -
Road Reserve
Roadside (or road verge)
Roadway (or carriageway)
Unmade Road
Vegetation
Native Vegetation
Indigenous (or native) vegetation
Remnant Vegetation
Exotic Vegetation
Ornamental Vegetation
Road
Threatened Species
Significant
Trails
A corridor of land (generally 20 or 10
metres wide) bordered by property
boundaries; normally refers to road verge
and unmade road
That portion of land within the road reserve
bordering the carriageway
Formed section of road reserve currently
allowing for the passage of vehicles
A road reserve not developed and/or
maintained for the passage of vehicles
Any living or dead plant material (trees,
shrubs, groundcovers including herbs;
grasses; reeds, rushes and other aquatic
species.
Refer ‘indigenous vegetation’ below
Local (naturally established) native
vegetation species of the type occurring
prior to European settlement in this district
Surviving indigenous vegetation
Exotic plants and non indigenous
Australian native plants
Exotic plants and non-indigenous
Australian native plants
Road as defined under the Road transport
Act; i.e. road = reserve
Indigenous flora and fauna under threat of
extinction(usually categorised to level of
threat as: rare, threatened, vulnerable or
endangered)
Attributed to features of special value
including vegetation, landscapes and
cultural heritage.
A series of designated routes (on-road
and/or off–road) allowing people to
experience a range of recreational pursuit,
including walking, cycling and horse riding.
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7.2 LEGISLATION AFFECTING THE
MANAGEMENT OF ROAD RESERVES
BIOLOGICAL
Vegetation:
Development Act 1993
Electricity Corporations Act 1995
Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999
Fences Act 1975
Local Government Act 1999
National Parks & Wildlife Act 1972
Native Vegetation Act 1991
Telecommunications Act 1991
Natural Resources Management Act 2004
AMLRNRMB Regional Plan
SAMDBNRMB Regional Plan
Regional Recovery Plan for the Mount Lofty
Ranges (2009-2014)
Fauna:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999
National Parks & Wildlife Act 1972-78
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1985
Wilderness Protection Act 1992
Fire Management:
Country Fires Act 1989
Fire and Emergency Services Act 2005
Guidelines - Managing native vegetation to
reduce the impact of bushfire - September
09
Water Management:
Environment Protection Act, 1993
Catchment Water Management Act 1995
Water Conservation Act 1936-75
Water Resources Act 1997
Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999
Hazardous Materials / Waste
Management:
Agricultural Chemicals Act 1955-1987
Dangerous Substances Act 1979
Environment Protection Act 1993
Petroleum Products Regulations Act 1995
Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999
Public Services:
Electricity Corporations Act 1995
Telecommunications Act 1991
SOCIAL
Weed, Pest & Disease Control:
Heritage:
Agricultural Chemicals Act 1955-87
Animal & Plant Control (Agricultural Protection & Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage
Other Purposes) Act 1986
Protection Act 1984
Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988
Dog & Cat Management Act 1995
Australian Heritage Commission Act 1975
Fruit & Plant Protection Act 1992
Heritage Act 1993
Impounding Act 1920
Native Titles (SA) Act 1994
Noxious Insects Act 1991
Seeds Act 1979
Stock Act 1990
PHYSICAL
Soil & Land Management:
Development Act 1993
Forestry Act 1950
Mining Act 1971
Public Parks Act 1943
Survey Act 1992
Safety & Environment Management:
Dangerous Substances Act 1979
Fences Act 1975
Occupational Health and Safety Act 1986
Traffic Management:
Highways Act 1926
Roads Opening & Closing Act 1991
Road Traffic Act 1961
Ownership & Equity:
Encroachments Act 1969
Summary Offences Act 1953
Whistleblowers Protection Act 1993
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7.3 LEGISLATION AND ROLES OF RESPONSIBLE BODIES
The following agencies have particular roles in relation to road reserve management,
according to some of the relevant legislation as listed on the previous page.
7.3.1 NATIVE VEGETATION ACT 1991 AND NATIVE VEGETATION COUNCIL
A roadside vegetation committee was established in 1965, and became a subcommittee
of the Native Vegetation Authority in 1985. The introduction of the Native Vegetation Act
in 1991 saw the Native Vegetation Council (NVC) deal with road reserve vegetation
issues.
The framework within which the NVC operates in relation to road reserve vegetation is
provided by the Objectives and clearance exemption provisions of the Native Vegetation
Act 1991; and their Guidelines for the Management of Roadside Vegetation 1997.
Objectives of the act
 Incentives and assistance for conservation and management
 Limitation of clearance
 Encouragement of research
 Encouragement for re-establishment of native vegetation
Regulation 5(1)(y)
Clearance of native vegetation on roadsides is exempt from normal requirements for
authorisation where:
 The proposed clearance compiles with a management plan prepared by the local
council and endorsed by the NVC, or
 Clearance compiles with guidelines issued by NVC
Councils are encouraged by the NVC to prepare Roadside Vegetation Management
Plans (RVMPs), which are subject to endorsement by the Native Vegetation Council.
The NVC has the capacity to influence the form, scope and content of council RVMPs.
The main role of the NVC in relation to roadside vegetation is to:
 Advise the Minister in relation to the preservation, enhancement and management of
native vegetation, and in relation to the re-establishment of native vegetation on land
from which native vegetation has been cleared.
 Encourage and assist local councils to prepare RVMPs.
 Deal with applications by local Councils re clearance of roadside vegetation.
 Contribute to specific programs/projects for the conservation of roadside vegetation
 Assist coordination of programs at State level (eg Roadside Marker Program)
 Liase with fire authorities, animal and plant control boards re relevant roadside
management programs
7.3.2 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACT
1999
The commonwealth Department of Environment and Heritage administers the
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999 that seeks to
protect national and regionally threatened species and ecosystems.
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7.3.3 ADELAIDE HILLS COUNCIL & LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT
The following extracts are taken from the Local Government Act 1999:
Permits for business purposes
222.
(1) A person must not use a public road for business purposes unless authorised to do
so by a permit.
Examples
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Carrying on business from a pie-cart drawn up on the side of the road;
Establishing a kiosk ion the side of a road;
Extending the business of a restaurant or café to outside tables situated on a
footpath or roadside;
Depasturing stock
Cropping
(2) A permit may grant rights of exclusive occupation in relation to part of a public road.
(3) A permit may be granted for a particular occasion or for a term stated in the permit.
(4) The term of the permit cannot exceed five years.
(5) This section does not apply to a person who is simply travelling along a road.
Public Consultation
223
(1) If a council proposes a grant an authorisation or permit.
(a) That confers a right a right of exclusive occupation; or
(b) That would have the effect of restricting access to a road; or
(c) In relation to a use or activity for which public consultation is required under the
regulations, the council must, before granting the authorisation or permit, follow the
relevant steps set out in its public consultation policy.
(2) The council must also give written notice of the proposal to agencies that are, under
the regulations, to be notified on the proposal.
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Conditions of authorisation or permit
224.
A council may grant an authorisation or permit under this Division on conditions the
council considers appropriate.
Examples
The conditions could for example

Require compliance with specified safety requirements.

Require the person to whom the authorisation or permit is given to carry out
specified work (or additional work) such as earthwork, drainage work and fencing

Require specified insurance or indemnities;

Require the maintenance of structures erected or installed, or vegetated planted,
under the authorisation or permit in good condition and to specified standards;

In the case of an authorisation or permit given for business purposes, require the
payment to the council of rent or other consideration;

Require the removal of a structure erected or installed under the authorisation or
permit at the end of a stated period.
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Cancellation of authorisation or permit
225.
(1) A council may, by notice in writing to the holder of an authorisation or permit, cancel
the authorisation or permit for breach of a condition.
(2) However, before the council cancels an authorisation or permit, the council must
(a) give the holder of the authorisation or permit, a written notice of the proposed
cancellation sating the grounds on which the council proposes to act and allowing
the holder a reasonable period to make written representations to the council on
the proposed cancellation; and
(b) consider any representations made in response to the notice.
(3) The period allowed under subsection (2) (a) must be at least one month unless the
council determines that a shorter period should apply to protect the health or safety of
the public, or otherwise to protect the public interest
Trees
232. Before a council plants vegetation, or authorises or permits the planting of
vegetation on a road, the council must (in addition to complying with any other statutory
requirement)
(a) give consideration to whether the vegetation is, on balance, appropriate to the
proposed site taking into account:
(i) environmental and aesthetic issues; and
(ii) the use and construction of the road (including the potential for interference
with the construction of the road or with structures (including pipes, wires,
cables, fixtures, fittings or other objects) in the road); and
(iii) road safety matters; and
(iv) other matters (if any) considered relevant by the council; and
(b) if the vegetation may have a significant impact on residents, the proprietors of
nearby businesses or advertisers in the area, follow the relevant steps set out in its
public consultation policy.
Council is also responsible for the preparation of the districts Bushfire Prevention Plan,
as discussed highlighted by the Country Fire Service below.
This Road Reserve Management plan has been endorsed by the Native Vegetation
Council September 2010 with respect to the required management of indigenous
roadside vegetation. Plan development continues amongst SA Councils with the scope
and level of detail varied within each council region.
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7.3.4 Department of Transport Energy Infrastructure (DTEI)
DTEI is responsible for the construction and maintenance of approximately 12,000 km of
major roads in SA, 251 km of which are within the Adelaide Hills Council district.
Detailed planning for the management of vegetation along some DTEI maintained roads
is being developed through Roadside Environmental management Plans which will
complement other management procedures. The plans are being developed in
consultation with local councils, CFS, local Bushfire Prevention Committees, Regional
NRM Boards and the local community. TSA has completed roadside vegetation surveys
on roads for which it is responsible in most of the Adelaide Hills district using the “driveby” method recently developed.
7.3.5 Planning SA
The Geographical Analysis and Research Unit (GARU) of Planning SA gathers and
analyses information related to land characteristics and land use. Information is stored
and processed using a Geographic Information System (GIS). In 1996/97 DTEI and
GARU developed a drive-by method for rapid assessment for native vegetation on road
reserves.
The method covers composition, conservation significance, and condition of native
vegetation, presence of weeds, and width of roadside corridor. This survey approach
was previously undertaken by Council’s Natural Resources staff using a drive-by
assessment for all road reserves.
7.3.6 ADELAIDE AND MOUNT LOFTY RANGES NATURAL RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT BOARD (AMLRNRMB) and the SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MURRAY
DARLING BASIN NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT BOARD (SAMDBNRMB)
The AMLRNRMB and SAMDBNRMB have an interest in roadsides in relation to their
potential source of proclaimed declared weeds and as a source for rabbits and other
vermin.
The Natural Resources Management Act 2004
Control of Plants and Animals - Chapter 8
Control Provisions - Part 2
Specific Controls - Division 1
Section 181 Requirement to control certain animals or plants;
181(2) An owner of land within a control area for a class of plants to which this
subsection applies must comply with any instructions of an authorised officer with
respect to keeping any plant of that class within the boundaries of that land.
Section 182 Owner of land to take action to destroy or control animals or plants
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182 (7) All NRM groups must carry out proper measures for the destruction of all
animals or plants of a to which subsection (1) applies and for the control of all animals or
plants of a class to which subsection 2 applies on road reserves situated within both a
control area for that class of animals or plants and the area of the NRM group (and, if
there is no such group, the responsibility to take action under this subsection will rest
with the relevant regional NRM Board.
An example of a waiver which is annually publicised by the Adelaide Hills Council within
the local media is attached.
The relevant Boards for the Adelaide Hills Council district are the Adelaide and Mount
Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Board and The South Australian Murray Darling basin
Natural Resources Management Board.
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7.4 Example - Weed Control Waiver publicised within the local media
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7.5 COUNTRY FIRE SERVICE
The Country Fire Service is responsible for the prevention, control and suppression of
fires in the country. Under the Fire and Emergency Services Act 2005 – Part 4 South
Australian Country Fire Service; Division 7 Fire Prevention Authorities – Country Areas
and Urban Bushfire Risk Areas – subdivision 2 (Bushfire management committees);
Division 7A – Bushfire Management Plans - 73A Bushfire Management Area Plans, the
Country Fire Service Board is responsible for fire prevention planning. Bushfire
Prevention Plans are prepared by local council. This process of planning is monitored
through the CFS Commission.
The Board is also required to ensure that in preparation, maintenance and
implementation of those plans, proper land management principles are taken into
account. Regional and District Bushfire Prevention Committees have corresponding
responsibilities to the board but at the regional and district respectively.
The requirement to take into account of proper land management principles implies that
bushfire prevention planning should take into account land use planning activities and
documents, and more particularly in the present context, take into account any plans for
the management of roadside vegetation.
The South Australian Bushfire Prevention Advisory Committee reports to the Minister. It
is comprised of arrange of representative organisations with interest in land
management and fire management, and is potentially a vehicle through which ideas
related to roadside vegetation could be introduced.
The CFS has an interest in roads as fire control lines, and in relation to the fire
characteristics of road reserve vegetation, including weeds.
At the time of editing the South Australian Country Fire Service and the Native
Vegetation Council have produced the following Guide for public direction – Managing
Native Vegetation – Reduce the Impact of Bushfire (September 2009). The publication
outlines revised actions that can be taken to manage vegetation so as to reduce the
impact the impact of bushfires. It details the removal of vegetation near buildings and
allows for the strategic reduction of fuel across landscapes along with the construction of
fuel breaks and fire access tracks. In summary the guide provides information toward the
provision bushfire preparedness whilst minimising the affects on native flora and fauna.
The following web address link provides access http://www.cfs.sa.gov.au/site/community_information/prepare_act_survive/native_vegeta
tion_management.jsp
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7.6 Native Vegetation Classification (Categorisation)
7.7 Native Vegetation (Functional Road Classification)
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7.8 ROADSIDE MARKER SYSTEM
The Roadside marker System (RMS) has been designed to identify sites of natural,
historical and cultural significance so tat theses important sites can be avoided and
protected during roadworks and other public utility nearby. In particular Department of
Transport Energy and Infrastructure and as at (March 2005) acknowledges five councils
(Adelaide Hills, Playford, Onkaparinga, Alexandrina and Mt Barker) as having adopted
the RMS to assist in the management of road reserve native (indigenous) vegetation.
Each of these and Department of Transport Energy and Infrastructure (DTEI) regularly
network ideas and techniques.
The system is voluntary, and uses a simple uniform standard for marking. This assists
council and other agencies to protect remnant native stands and to comply with the
requirements of Commonwealth and State conservation, heritage, soil and landcare
legislation. It thus supports best practice management for roadside native vegetation.
The marking system may be readily extended for identifying landscape, historical and
cultural features.
Further support (Nov 2009) toward the RMS has come from the recently appointed
Natural Resources Management Boards (AMLRNRMB and SAMDBNRMB), The Local
Government Association of South Australia and The City of Tea Tree Gully. Interest has
centred on the development of a roadside marker system (RMS) reference group and a
revised roadside signage applicable to Vegetation Classification 1 and 2.
Components of the marker system include:

A register (data base) that records the location of significant roadside features
providing details of each site’s special features or management needs.

Marker plates fastened to posts to discreetly mark the site for operational reference
(see figure below).

An environmental Code of Practice for planning and site management is
recommended.

Environmental Awareness Training for road gangs and other operators is
recommended.

Address standards for Vegetation Classification 1 and 2 sites as a matter of
urgency.
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The register of sites is maintained by councils Landscape and Natural Resources
Management Section. The register is used during planning of roadworks to advise work
gangs of the location of significant sites and special work practice requirements. The
roadside marker system also enables council and agency work crews to respond to
identified site markers by getting details from the Roadside Marker System register.
Landscape and NRM staff then advise about appropriate management methods and
constraints to avoid unnecessary damage to the site.
Agencies which should be aware of roadside Markers include:

(Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board and
the South Australian Murray Darling Basin Natural Resources Management
Board

Department of Transport Energy and Infrastructure (DTEI)

ETSA Utilities

SA Water;

Telecommunications operators and sub-contractors

Other road and roadside operators.
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7.9 SIGNIFICANT VEGETATION AND LANDSCAPE REGISTER
The purpose of the register is to encourage the preservation of locally unique
landscapes, significant trees and other vegetation occurring along roadsides and on
other public and private lands.
Most residents of this district cherish the unique environment and general ambience
which is also the envy of visitors. There are many stretches of invaluable native and
historically planted vegetation, significant views and heritage items publicly or privately
owned. Often overlooked are special ornamental and native trees and shrubs in
gardens; or within abandoned orchards, paddocks or vineyards; or on residential and
commercial blocks and within lands being managed for conservation purposes. Certain
plants, vegetation associations or views may continue to have special meaning for the
local and wider community.
The values are subjective, many and varied. Perhaps they represent a special size,
shape or variety of plant or collection of plants; or panorama of natural and/or humaninfluenced scenery. Some features may be a landmark, be a very old or demonstrate
aesthetic beauty. A special tree may be an isolated native remnant or may even be
dead, yet sturdy, with hollows for nesting birds and small native animals. Cultural
features such as Aboriginal meeting places or the shelter of an early settler may also
have significant value.
Council is keen to record the existence of significant features on a register, for referral
purposes only. The recording of a plant, stand of vegetation or landscape vista on the
register, will in no way imply it is marked for all time as a heritage or biologically
significant site. Inclusion does not imply any control over land use nor have any legal
binding in South Australia. Full council must approve any nominations to be included on
the list and the landowner’s permission is required. Nominations are “in strict
confidence’.
Vegetation specimens and landscape sites may be located on public or private land,
including: built up residential, farming, rural living, conservation and commercial
locations. The level of threat to its ongoing existence is given particular consideration. All
vegetation types (indigenous, non-indigenous native and exotic) and size (tree, shrub or
groundcover) are eligible.
The register itself utilises the numbering system of the Roadside Marker System (see
Appendix) and is linked electronically to that system. Landscape and Natural Resources
Management Section maintains the Significant Vegetation and Landscape Register.
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Categories for nominations include:

Outstanding aesthetic beauty

Outstanding dimensions in height, trunk circumference or canopy spread

Very old or venerable

Commemorates or has associations with an important historical event

Significantly associated with a well known public figure

Associated with an Aboriginal or ethnic group

Provides a special contribution * to the landscape or is a landmark.

Isolated native vegetation remnant or threatened species/variety

Part of a private or public historical garden, park or town

An excellent example of topiary

Horticultural or genetic value

Curious growth forms or physical features due to natural causes or pruning

Is or has been important in the life of the local community

Dead tree with hollows or branches providing nesting places for fauna.
* Groups of trees/vegetation/apes may be included as significant, even if none are
considered to individually fulfil theses criteria.
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The process for assessment of nominations, in order of action, is as follows:
1. Registrar (responsible Natural Resources Officer) to number nomination form as it is
received, and then provides a copy of the form to:
a. the most relevant local Historical Society, landowner and other relevant agencies or
groups pertinent to the nomination, for their comments within a maximum of 6 weeks
period from date of forwarding.
b. all members of council’s Community Environmental Consultative Committee for
consideration at its next scheduled meeting after receipt of comments from most
relevant local Historical Society, landowner and other relevant agencies or groups;
2. Upon receipt of these comments and within a maximum period of two months,
Registrar to prepare a report, for submission to consultative committee. This may
incorporate a site inspection note.
3. Nomination received at next appropriate Community Environmental
Consultative Committee meeting with view to either provide:
a. outright rejection; or
b. conditional recommendation for registration; or
c. unconditional recommendation for registration.
Recommendations for registration are then forwarded to the Environment and
Planning Committee (within a report from the Registrar), seeking commendation to full
council for the appropriate registration.
4. Nominations approved by council to be placed in the Register, using a unique
identifying number in sympathy with councils Roadside Marker code system.
5. The nominee (if identifiable) and owner to be advised of the relative success of the
nomination along with a unique registration code.
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7.10 Bushland Invasive Plants - Properties and Road Reserves AHC District
If you require further advice on

specific weed control in bushland

alternative plants for your property

general management techniques
Please contact: Adelaide Hills Council - Natural Resources Officer 8408 0400
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7.11 Pest Plants within the Adelaide Hills Council District 2005
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7.12 AHC Application to Revegetate Road Reserve
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