SCHOOL ASSESSED COURSEWORK
2014
Reading Time: 0 mins
Writing Time: 40 mins
UNIT 4 PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Student Name/number:___________________________________
Subject Teachers Name:____________________________________
Equipment Permitted: Nil
SAC Rules
FULL SCHOOL UNIFORM MUST BE WORN TO ALL SACS
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Students must bring correct equipment to each SAC, for example: pens, pencils, rulers, calculators and other materials as
informed by staff
No food or drink is to be consumed in the SAC room (bottled water excepted)
Students are not to communicate with each other in any way during a SAC
No mobile phones, iPods, mp3 players etc are allowed in the SAC room
Students must remain for the duration of the SAC.
Students are to behave appropriately at all times – disruptive behaviour will be considered a serious breach of SAC rules.
Task:
This task will be a test which will focus on the following key knowledge

Chronic adaptations of the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems to training
This test will contribute 20 marks for this outcome. Your mark for this test will be converted to a
score out of 20.
The test will include both multiple choice and short answer questions.
Multiple Choice
/ 10
Short Answer
Total Marks
/ 30
/ 40
Multiple Choice Section
1. Anaerobic training chronic adaptations to training occur predominantly in:
a. The circulatory, respiratory and muscular systems
b. The circulatory and muscular systems
c. The circulatory and respiratory systems
d. The muscular and respiratory systems
2. Aerobic training results in an increase in the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) during
maximal exercise due to chronic adaptations including:
a. Increases in cardiac output and red blood cell numbers
b. Increases in the arterio-venous oxygen difference
c. Greater oxygen extraction
d. All of the above
3. Anaerobic training effects are best developed from which types of training?
a. Short/intermediate/long interval, resistance and sprint training
b. Sprint, resistance, plyometric and continuous training
c. Fartlek, long interval, plyometric and resistance training
d. Short interval, sprint, plyometric, circuit and resistance training
4. Which of the following chronic adaptations would you expect to see in a pole vaulter?
a. A large increase in myoglobin stores
b. A significant increase in the number and size of mitochrondria
c. An increased adaptation of fast twitch to slow twitch muscle fibres
d. Cardiac hypertrophy (increase in thickness of the chamber wall)
5. With regards to anaerobic training, the greatest chronic adaptations occur in the:
a. Cardiovascular system
b. Respiratory system
c. Aerobic system
d. Muscular system
6. Regular aerobic training may result in a:
a. Decrease in blood cholesterol and increased triglycerides
b. Decrease in blood cholesterol and decreased triglycerides
c. Increase in blood cholesterol and increased triglycerides
d. Increase in blood cholesterol and decrease triglycerides
7. Chronic adaptations as a result of aerobic training are likely to result in:
a. Increased reliance on the anaerobic glycolysis energy system
b. Decreased reliance on the lactic acid energy system
c. Increased reliance on the ATP-PC energy system
d. Decreased reliance on the aerobic energy system
8. Which of the following physiological values decreases as a chronic adaptation of training?
a. Maximum stroke volume
b. Blood volume
c. Resting heart rate
d. Maximum VO2
9. Which of the following sets of adaptations is only found at the muscular level?
a. Increased fast-twitch muscle fibre size, increased food fuel levels and increased
myoglobin stores
b. Increased capillary density, increased tidal volume, increased stores of triglycerides
c. Decreased resting heart rate, improved oxidative capacity, increased diffusion
d. Increased glycolytic capacity, increased minute ventilation, increased plasma
volumes
10. Chronic aerobic training will often result in a decreased resting heart rate. This is possible
due to:
a. An increase in resting pulmonary diffusion
b. An increase in resting stroke volume
c. Increased capilarisation of the cardiac muscle
d. Lower diastolic blood pressure
Short Answer Section
1. Outline the difference between chronic and acute adaptations to exercise/training
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(2 marks)
2. The following graph shows the values of arterio-venous oxygen difference (a-VO2 diff) at rest
and during exercise for a trained and untrained individual
With reference to the graph above, explain the effect that training has on aterio-venous oxygen
difference and how it improves performance
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(3 marks)
3. Explain the difference in cardiac hypertrophy for an individual who participates in aerobic
training as opposed to an individual participating in anaerobic training
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(2 marks)
4. For a given cardiac output, an elite 10-kilometre runner will generally have a lower resting
heart rate than an untrained person of the same age, weight and sex.
Explain why this is the case by discussing the relationship between the cardiac parameters
associated with this adaptation.
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(2 marks)
5. Cadel Evans cycles 30 000 to 35 000 km per year in training and competition. As a result of
this aerobic training, chronic changes occur in Cadel’s skeletal muscles.
Identify two chronic muscular adaptations resulting from this training program and explain how
these changes would improve performance.
Chronic adaptation 1
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How it would improve performance
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Chronic adaptation 2
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How it would improve performance
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(6 marks)
6. An elite sprinter predominantly trains using short interval, plyometric and resistance
training. As a result her 200 meter sprint times have decrease consistently over the past few
months
Identify and explain two chronic adaptations that may account for this improved performance.
Chronic Adaptation:__________________________________________________________________
Explanation:________________________________________________________________________
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Chronic Adaptation:__________________________________________________________________
Explanation:________________________________________________________________________
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(6 marks)
7. Outline two reasons why trained athletes are able to absorb more oxygen from the blood
stream into the muscles than untrained individuals
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(2 marks)
8. The player undertakes a six-month training program to improve his aerobic fitness. The
player then repeats the 3-km time trial at the same speed as previously.
Circle the correct response
During the second 3km time trial
a. The stroke volume will be
b. The heart rate will be
c. The blood lactate concentration will be
higher
higher
higher
lower
lower
lower
no change
no change
no change
(3 marks)
9. What effect does aerobic training have on the lactate inflection point and how does this
improve performance
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(4 marks)