Translate the words in italics , giving the reason for each case.
1.
He was freed from all care . omnī curā; reason = Ablative of Separation
(i.e. there is a separation expressed with no motion implied – vid. p. 134). Remember that adjectives of the 3 rd declension use an – ī in the ablative singular in all genders.
2.
He defended his daughter from the danger . perīculō
; reason = Ablative of Separation
(i.e. there is a separation expressed with no motion implied – vid. p. 134)
3.
I gave the book to my son Marcus . Mārcō; reason = Dative Indirect Object (as Appositive to “my son”)
(i.e. The word “Marcus” is the appositive, i.e. a noun that describes or renames another noun
WITHOUT a linking verb, of the noun “son.” Since appositives refer to the same person/thing as the noun they describe, they are in the same case. “My son” is the indirect object of the verb
“gave” (“book” is the direct object). Hence, “Marcus” is also dative – vid. p. 124)
4.
We freed the captives from the soldiers . ā mīlitibus
; reason = Ablative of Separation
(i.e. there is a separation expressed with no motion implied – vid. p. 134)
5.
We have preserved the memory of the great battle . magnī proeliī; reason = Objective
Genitive
(“the great battle” is genitive because it is like the object of the noun “memory,” which contains the idea of the action of remembering – vid. p. 129)
6.
They kept the enemy from the town . ab oppidō; reason = Ablative of Separation
(i.e. there is a separation expressed with no motion implied – vid. p. 134)
7.
Julius, our consul , was in the city. noster cōnsul ; reason = Nominative Appositive (as
Appositive to “our consul”)
(i.e. “our consul” describes the noun “Julius” as its appositive. Since “Julius” is the subject of the verb “was,” it is nominative; therefore, “our consul” must also be nominative – vid. p. 124)
8.
Caesar was the leader of the forces . copiārum; reason = Objective Genitive
(“the forces” is genitive because it is like the object of the noun “leader,” which contains the idea of the action of leading – vid. p. 129)