Chapter 12
Practice Problems
1.
He diffuses about 2.25 times faster than Ne does.
2.
1.61; ammonia diffuses more rapidly than carbon dioxide does.
3.
2.36; Ar diffuses more rapidly than Rn does.
4.
50 g/mol
5.
0.24 atm
6.
11.0 kPa
7.
38.4 kPa
8.
40.7 kPa
9.
a.
ionic
c.
metallic
b.
covalent network d.
molecular
10.a.
sublimation
c.
vaporization
b.
melting
d.
sublimation
11.a.
freezing
d.
deposition
b.
condensation
e.
condensation
c.
condensation
12.a.
The ice would melt (become liquid water) and vaporize (become water vapor).
b.
1.00–217.75 atm
c.
Ice, liquid water, and water vapor coexist at the triple point.
13.a.
The dry ice sublimes to carbon dioxide gas.
b.
The dry ice would melt (become a liquid) and vaporize (become a gas.)
Chapter 12 Review
14.The volume of gas particles is small compared with the volume of empty space between the particles. Gas particles are in
constant, random motion, and collisions between them are elastic. At a given temperature, all gases have the same average
kinetic energy.
15.Oxygen gas has a lower density than silver because the oxygen particles are spaced farther apart than the silver particles.
16.Diffusion is the movement of one material through another. Effusion is the escape of a gas through a small opening in its
container.
17.Fastest: He; slowest: Xe; rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to molar mass.
18.No; the particles will have different kinetic energies because their velocities differ.
19.The container of refrigerated syrup will take the longest to pour because viscosity increases as temperature decreases.
20.Properties of liquids include the following: have a definite volume, conform to the shape of their container, are denser than
most gases, have fluidity, are relatively incompressible, diffuse, have surface tension, and show capillary action.
21.A concave surface forms when the attraction between the liquid particles and glass particles (adhesion) is greater than the
attraction between the liquid particles (cohesion). A convex surface forms when the attraction between the liquid particles is
greater than the attraction between the liquid particles and the glass particles.
22.There are no significant attractive forces between gas particles, and most gas particles have a smaller mass than most liquid
particles.
23.The strong attractive forces between the solid particles keeps them closely bound in fixed positions.
24.The particles of an amorphous solid are arranged randomly; the particles of a crystalline solid are arranged in an orderly,
geometric, three-dimensional lattice.
25.a.
melting
d.
vaporization
b.
sublimation
e.
condensation
c.
freezing
f.
deposition