P1H Edexcel PiXL Mark Scheme November 2014
Question
1 (a)
1 (b) (i)
1 (b) (ii)
1 (c)
Answer
From left to right: radio/infra-red/x-rays (3)
Additional Guidance
In that order
Allow 1 mark for each
correct, maximum 3
Infra-red (1)
Microwaves (1)
Any 2 from:




Cancer
Kill cells
Burns to skin
Snow blindness
(2)
1 (d)
1 (e)
2 (a) (i)
2 (a) (ii)
2 (a) (iii)
2 (a) (iv)
2 (b)
Reflects certain wavelengths (1) of visible light (1)
A gamma (1)
Arrows going away from ray box (1)
Emerging ray drawn correctly parallel to the incident ray
(1)
C Refraction (1)
Nothing/it would go straight through (1)
 Fish drawn to the left of the apparent position (1)
 Ray drawn from actual fish to surface and then
refracted away from the normal (1)
 To the eye of the fisherman (1)
3 (a) (i)
C expanding (1)
3 (a) (ii)
Distance from earth/how far away the galaxy is (1)
Speed it is travelling at (1)
Cosmic microwave background radiation (1)
B Why was the Universe created? (1)
Frequency = Wave speed / wavelength (1)
3 (b)
3 (c)
3( d)
Score 0 marks if more
than one box is crossed
(Total for Question 1 = 10 marks)
Score 0 marks if more
than one box is crossed
Allow any position left
The directional arrows are
essential for maximum of
3 marks
(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)
Score 0 marks if more
than one box is crossed
Correct answer gains 3
marks with no working
3 x 108 / 20 (1)
1.5 x 107 or 15 000 000 (1)
3 (e)
4 (a)
4 (b)
Sound gets quieter (1) because pitch/frequency gets
lower (1) due to the Doppler effect (1).
(Total for Question 3 = 11 marks)
C (1) as it uses the most energy (1)
Need to link into efficiency
 Advantage – more efficient so uses less
to gain the advantage
energy/costs less to run/contributes less to
mark
greenhouse gases (1)

Disadvantage - making new fridges uses up
4 (c)
4 (d)
scarce resources/carbon footprint of
manufacture/transport of new fridge/disposal of
old fridge (1)
520 x 0.15 (1)
78 (1)
2 marks for 78 with no
working
Accept 7800 p for 2 marks
25 on its own gains 2
marks
(75/300) x 100 (1)
25 (1)
5 (a) (i)
Any 1 from:



(Total for Question 4 = 8 marks)
Accept correct alternative
responses
It isn’t always windy (enough)
Difficult to increase generation at peak times
Would need a very large number
(1)
5 (a) (ii)
Any 2 from:


5 (a) (iii)
5 (b) (i)
5 (b) (ii)
Accept correct alternative
responses
Alternative to fossil fuels which are running out
Alternative to nuclear which is running out and
produces toxic waste/potentially dangerous
 Allows us to avoid relying on unreliable imports
Do not allow unspecified
(e.g. from Russia)
 Low carbon footprint (compared to other methods) ‘less pollution’
 Contribute little to greenhouse gases (other than
manufacture)
(2)
Any 2 from:
Accept correct alternative
responses
 Noise pollution
 Visual pollution – often built in scenic areas/coast
 Damage to habitats in building
 Threat (unproved) to birdlife/migrations
 Link to damage to human health
(2)
Any energy resource that will run out (1)
Indicative content:
Mark the answer
according to the levels
below. Identify the level
Advantages
first of all, then award the
50 additional years of fuel supply
top of the mark band if the
Makes up for other fossil fuels running out
student’s literacy is
Carbon capture can negate/offset
generally good or the
emissions
bottom if there are many
Self sufficiency
literacy errors.
Revenue from exploitation of resource
Accept higher level
Cheaper than some renewables
answers.
Existing technology can allow for it to be
used immediately (in power stations)
Possible stabilisation of energy costs
Buys us time to develop more renewable
technologies
Disadvantages
Still a greenhouse gas contributor
Concerns about earthquakes
Concerns about toxicity in water
Likely more polluting than renewables
Level
0
1
2
3
6 (a) (i)
6 (a) (ii)
6 (b) (i)
Need for carbon capture and expense
involved
Exploitation of green field sites
Not renewable/limited amount – still need
to pursue renewable solutions
Level Description
Marks
No relevant answer.
0
There is a basic explanation of either some advantages
1-2
or some disadvantages of using shale gas against either
fossil fuels or renewables.
There is an attempt to explain both advantages and
3-4
disadvantages of using shale gas against both fossil
fuels and renewables.
There is a detailed evaluation that weighs up both
5-6
advantages and disadvantages of shale gas against
fossil fuels and renewables. Correct scientific
terminology is used and the candidate’s answer flows
well in a clear logical order.
(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)
D Above 20000 Hz (1)
C Communication between animals (1)
35000 Hz or Hertz (1)
Unit must be included
Accept 35 kHz or
0.035 MHz
6 (b) (ii)
6 (c)
* 6 (d)
Particles vibrate/oscillate (1) in the same/parallel
direction to the wave movement (1)
Infrasound has a frequency of less than 20 Hz (1)
Indicative content:











Sonar is ultrasound
Sonar travels through water at the speed of
sound/1500 m/s
The ultrasound signal is made in the ship
The signal is emitted from the bottom of the ship
The signal travels down through the water
The signal makes contact with the fish
The signal is reflected by fish and is detected on
the ship
The fisherman measures the time between
emission and detection measured
The time needs to be halved due to the wave
reflecting
Distance = speed x time
Candidates may give an example calculation
Mark the answer
according to the levels
below. Identify the level
first of all, then award the
top of the mark band if the
student’s literacy is
generally good or the
bottom if there are many
literacy errors.
Accept higher level
answers.
Level
0
1
2
3
Level Description
Marks
No relevant answer.
0
There is a limited explanation of sonar, containing one or
1-2
two points from the indicative content.
There is a simple explanation of sonar, containing at
3-4
least three points from the indicative content.
There is a detailed explanation of sonar, including many
5-6
points from the indicative content and the question is
answered fully. Correct scientific terminology is used and
the candidate’s answer flows well in a clear logical order.
(Total for Question 6 = 12 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS