LLED 353 Sect. 110 – Critical Needs Analysis
Mike Burge
96010012
Academic text for Grade 7 Science – (Volcanoes)
Anatomy of a Volcano
When heat deep inside Earth melts rocks, a hot, thick liquid called magma forms. It rises and
collects in the large underground chambers, where small crystals begin to form, and water and
gases separate out as bubbles. Under pressure from the overlying rock, the gases, and fresh
magma from below, the magma bursts through cracks in Earth’s crust as lava or volcanic ash.
Steam, gas, and rock form clouds of smoke during eruptions. Fragments of rock and lava are
blown out as volcanic ash and cinder. Small, hot bombs of lava shoot out of the volcano and
harden in flight.
Types of Volcanoes
Cinder Cone: Mildly explosive eruptions build up cone-shaped hills of volcanic cinders around a
central vent. Eruptions that form cinder cones sometimes end with lava flows that can fill the
crater.
Composite: These tall, steep-sided volcanoes are formed when multiple eruptions deposit
alternating layers of volcanic ash and lava. They are widely admired for the conical shape.
Shield: Volcanoes formed entirely from lava that flows radially from a central vent are called
shield volcanoes. These broad volcanoes can form from single eruptions or from many
thousands of them.
Fissure and rift: A linear fracture of the Earth’s surface through which magma has erupted forms
a fissure volcano. Alternating eruptions and spreading of the rock on either side of the fissure
forms a rift volcano.
Types of Eruptions
Volcanoes erupt in many ways, emitting a combination of gases, lava, and fragmented rock
particles called pyroclasts. Eruptions can shoot out from a central vent or multiple vents, which
are called fissures if the vents lie along a line. The type of eruption depends on many factors,
such as how much magma has accumulated within the volcano, magma temperature and
composition, and whether or not water is present (such as in a lake or an ocean). Volcanologists
recognize two main types of eruptions: effusive, when lava flows gently from the volcano; and
explosive, when huge clouds of material violently shoot out from the volcano and subsequently
fall to the ground.
From “Insiders:Volcanoes & Earthquakes” by Ken Rubin 2007.
A) Conceptual and Cultural Dimensions:
In addition to the subject specific vocabulary, which will have to be taught, students will
require support to understand:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Geographic locations of volcanoes worldwide
Some understanding of plate tectonics
Difference between magma and lava
Viscosity
Temperature measurement – to discuss differences in kinds of lava
Roles of volcanoes in shaping human history
B) Develop graphic organizers which support student comprehension of the meaning
structures
Four graphic organizers have been chosen to assist students with some of the above
mentioned dimensions
1) Map of the world showing major volcanically active areas – including major
volcanoes
2) Fill in the blanks diagram of a volcano
3) A chart clarifying the types of volcanoes and a blank chart for the students to fill in
4) Temperature chart showing the different lava temperatures
C) Identify collaborative activities which may mediate the learners’ reading comprehension
(conceptual understanding) of the language and content of the text
See attached lesson plan focused on the primary types of volcanoes. This lesson would
occur after lessons on basic plate tectonics and a lesson on the vocabulary for general
volcano structure.
Lesson 3
Comparison of the different kinds of volcanoes
Objectives: SWBAT
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
Identify the different kinds of volcanoes
Identify at least one characteristic of each type of volcano
Complete a chart comparing characteristics of different kinds of volcano
Explain the word viscosity
Introduction
Today we will begin by looking at a number of different liquids and how they are
different. As you can see we have water, ketchup and molasses. They are all liquids,
but they move differently. We are going to pour each liquid out of the jar and see
how the move. What words would you use to describe how each fluid is moving?
Which is the slowest? What do you think might affect how the liquids move? The
word for how well liquids move is viscosity. We will add this to the word list about
volcanoes that we started last class.
Introduce temperature graph on types of lava. One thing that affects viscosity is the
temperature of something. Do you think things move faster or slower as they warm
up?
We began with viscosity because today we will be filling in a chart on the different
kinds of volcanoes and one of the factors that influences the kind of volcano is the
viscosity of the lava.
Direct Instruction
1) Think/pair/share – Discuss what you remember about volcanoes?
a. Think about and write down what you remember from last class about
volcanoes. It could be pictures.
b. Turn to the person beside you and take 3 minutes to discuss what you
remember from last class or other information you know about volcanoes.
c. Share with the class what you and your partner talked about.
2) Review - Groups of 4 – fill out parts of a volcano worksheet together
a. Now work together and help each other fill out the blanks on the parts of a
volcano
3) Read text on volcanoes
a. Project the text so the class can read/follow along. Hand out individual
categorization charts.
b. As we read, pay attention to hear the different types of volcanoes and what
makes them different. It is important to recognize not only what the different
types are, but what makes them different. Think about the categories that we
might use to tell the difference between the volcanoes.
Guided Practice
4) Review the different types of volcanoes – can anyone tell me the different kinds of
volcanoes mentioned in the article? And what was something noted about each one?
So we will fill in one category on the chart.
a. Cinder cone
b. Composite
c. Shield
d. Fissure and rift
Type of Eruption: Effusive (lava flows gently) or explosive (lava, gas and rock
explosively shoot out)
a. Mildly explosive
b. Explosive
c. Effusive
d. Effusive
Put up picture displaying kinds of different volcanoes.
Before the end of class, make sure to add these to our volcano word list. Put effusive and
explosive on the board with definitions for them to copy later.
Independent Practice
5) Jigsaw
a. 4 Groups – become experts on your type
i. Fill in all the information for your group’s type of volcano.
ii. Using other sources, including those provided, the computer or others
you can find, complete the characteristics about your type of volcano.
b. 1 member from each group come together and share info on their type of
volcano.
i. Now we will move into groups so that one person has each type of
volcano filled in and you will share that information with the rest of
the group so they can complete their chart.
Closure
6) Next class we will look at the impact of volcanoes on human’s and so I want you to
take home this map of current active volcanoes and think about how they are might
have an impact on people. Talk to your family about if they have ever lived close to
or seen an eruption. Don’t forget to add our new words to your word list.
Evaluation
1)
2)
3)
4)
Students observe and discuss the meaning of viscosity
Students help to identify important concepts in the text – kinds and of volcanoes
Students complete a comparison chart
Students research a topic to find information on it
Materials
Water
Ketchup
Molasses
Bin to pour into
Individual temperature of lava charts
Individual parts of a volcano worksheet
Projected copy of text
Large category chart
Individual charts for categorizing
Source books for jigsaw
Individual maps of volcanic activity
Diagram of kinds of volcanoes to display
Graphic Organizers
1.) Temperature of lava – taken from http://www.scienceviews.com
2.) Volcano fill in the blanks – taken from www.enchantedlearning.com
Definitions
ash cloud - an ash cloud is the cloud of ash
that forms in the air after some volcanic
eruptions.
magma chamber - a magma chamber contains
magma (molten rock) deep within the Earth's
crust.
conduit - a conduit is a passage through which side vent - a side vent is a vent in the side of a
magma (molten rock) flows in a volcano.
volcano.
crust - the crust is Earth's outermost, rocky
layer.
lava - lava is molten rock; it usually comes out
of erupting volcanoes.
vent - a vent is an opening in the Earth's surface
through which volcanic materials erupt.
3.) Picture of different types of volcanoes – taken from www.foresthillweather.com
4.) Map of global volcanic activity – taken from www.scienceclarified.com
5.) Categorization Chart – see attached