Chapter 12: Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Study Guide
1. Asexual reproduction produces daughter cells that are:
A. Identical to each other
B. Identical to the mother cell
C. Different from the mother cell
D. Identical to each other and identical to the mother cell
2. Dogs have a diploid chromosome number of 78. How many chromosomes do their
gametes have:
A. 39
B. 78
C. 156
D. 234
3. During meiosis I:
A. Sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other
B. Sister chromatids exchange parts
C. Homologous chromosomes pair up
D. Homologous chromosomes separate
4. Crossing over happens during which phase of meiosis:
A. Prophase I
B. Prophase II
C. Anaphase I
D. Anaphase II
5. During which phase of meiosis does a complete set of chromosomes cluster at both
ends of the cell, resulting in the formation of two haploid (n) nuclei:
A. Anaphase I
B. Metaphase II
C. Telophase I
D. Metaphase I
6. During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes condense, pair up, and
swap segments:
A. Prophase I
B. Anaphase I
C. Metaphase II
D. Prophase II
7. Which of the following statements about mitosis and meiosis is incorrect:
A. Meiosis-two divisions, mitosis-one division
B. Meiosis-four daughter cells, mitosis-two daughter cells
C. Meiosis-diploid, mitosis-haploid
D. Meiosis-sex cells, mitosis-somatic cells
8. How does sexual reproduction differ from asexual reproduction:
A. Chromosomal crossing over is absent in sexual reproduction
B. Sexual reproduction gives rise to clones
C. The basis of sexual reproduction is mitosis
D. Sexual reproduction involves the mixing of genetic material
9. Meiosis is a necessary part of sexual reproduction because it:
A. Divides two nuclei into four new nuclei
B. Reduces the chromosome number for gametes
C. Produces clones that can cross over
10. Gametes are ___:
A. Pentaploid
B. Haploid
C. Triploid
D. Tetraploid
11. During meiosis II:
A. Sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other
B. Sister chromatids exchange parts
C. Homologous chromosomes pair up
D. Homologous chromosomes separate
12. During this phase spindle microtubules attach to homologous chromosomes:
A. Prophase I
B. Prophase II
C. Anaphase I
D. Anaphase II
13. What process or processes give rise to new combinations of alleles for the offspring
of sexual reproducers:
A. Regulated sorting of chromosomes only
B. Random sorting of chromosomes only
C. Crossing over, random sorting and regulated sorting of chromosomes
D. Crossing over and random sorting of chromosomes
E. Crossing over of chromosome only
14. The random separation of homologous chromosome in meiosis I is:
A. Natural selection
B. Mutation
C. Genetic drift
D. Segregation
15. Varying form of a gene with slightly different DNA sequences are:
A. Alleles
B. Chromatids
C. Homologues
D. Somatics
16. Three of the four answers listed below are characteristic of meiosis. Select the
exception:
A. Produces haploid cells
B. Reduces the number of chromosomes
C. Results in producing genetically identical cells
D. Occurs in the gonads
17. Fertilization:
A. Occurs in asexual reproduction
B. Changes a haploid cell into a diploid cell
C. Changes a diploid cell into a haploid cell
18. The stage of meiosis that makes descendant cells haploid is___:
A. Prophase II
B. Metaphase I
C. Anaphase II
D. Anaphase I
19. This contributes to variation in traits among the offspring of sexual reproducers:
A. Crossing over
B. Random attachment of chromosomes to spindle poles
C. Fertilization
D. Both A and B
E. All are factors
20. The process of crossing over occurs between ___:
A. Homologous chromosomes
B. Messenger RNAs
C. Sister chromatids
D. Transfer RNAs
21. Different alleles arise from:
A. Crossing over
B. Mutation
C. Segregation
D. Cytokinesis
22. If meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organism:
A. Gametes would be haploid
B. The zygote would be haploid
C. Mitosis would be sufficient
D. The chromosome number would double in each generation
23. Which of the following is most probable at a metaphase I alignment:
A. All of these are equally probable
B. All maternal chromosomes are on the same side
C. Each side consists of half paternal and half maternal chromosomes
D. All paternal chromosomes are on the same side
E. Each side has a mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes
24. The sister chromatids become separated during ___ of meiosis:
A. Prophase II
B. Anaphase I
C. Telophase I
D. Anaphase II
25. Crossing over mixes up:
A. Chromosomes
B. Alleles
C. Zygotes
D. Gametes
26. The main evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction is that it produces:
A. More offspring per individual
B. More variation among offspring
C. Healthier offspring
27. A parent cell of a certain organism has 16 chromosomes and undergoes meiosis. The
resulting cell will have how many chromosomes:
A. 16
B. 8
C. 64
D. 32
28. Meiosis involves:
A. One cellular division
B. Two cellular divisions
C. Three cellular divisions
29. Each of the cells formed after meiosis I are:
A. Tetraploid
B. Haploid
C. Dipolid
D. Ready to be fertilized
30. The first cell of a new individual is know as a(n) ___:
A. Blostocyts
B. Morula
C. Gamete
D. Embryo
E. Zygote
31. Homologous chromosomes separate during:
A. Anaphase II
B. Telophase II
C. Anaphase I
D. Metaphase I
E. Metaphase II
32. At the end of this phase four haploid nuclei have been formed:
A. Prophase II
B. Anaphase I
C. Telophase II
D. Anaphase II
E. Metaphase I
33. The process of “crossing over”:
A. Involves nucleoli
B. Involves breakages and exchanges being made between homologous
chromosomes
C. Involves breakage and exchanges being make between sister chromatids
D. Generally results in binary fission
E. Involves random assortment of homologues during metaphase
34. If a cell has a normal diploid number of 82 how many homologous pairs are present
in the cells formed at the end of telophase 1:
A. 82
B. 41
C. 0
D. 164
35. Meiosis ___ the parental chromosome number:
A. Doubles
B. Halves
C. Maintains
D. Mixes up
36. Which process is absolutely necessary for sexual reproduction to occur in a life cycle,
but is not necessarily required for organism that only reproduce asexually:
A. Mitosis
B. Prokaryotic fission
C. Karyokinesis
D. Cytokinesis
E. Meiosis
37. Sexual reproduction in animals requires:
A. Meiosis
B. Fertilization
C. Germ cells
D. All of the above
38. Copies of chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of
meiosis are called ___ chromatids:
A. Duplicated
B. Daughter
C. Sister
D. Mother
39. During this phase spindle microtubules attach to sister chromatids:
A. Prophase I
B. Prophase II
C. Anaphase I
D. Anaphase II
40. Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because:
A. Homologous chromatids must be separated into different daughter cells
B. It produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes
C. The number of chromosomes allotted to each daughter cell must be halved
D. It decreases genet9ic diversity
E. Homologous chromosomes must be separated into different daughter cells