SI Bio 211 (5)
Tuesday, Wednesday
10/5/10 – 10/6/10
Test Your Knowledge on Chordates
1. All Chordates are a part of what 4 clades?
2. T/F All Chordates must contain all 4 traits unique to them at some point in their life.
3. What are the 4 traits unique to Chordates?
4.
5.
6.
7.
T/F All Chordates are also all vertebrates, whether their vertebral column is mineralized or not.
A_____________is a longitudinal, flexible rod between the digestive tube and nerve cord.
What is the only remnant of a notochord in adult humans?
This Chordate trait is most easily noticeable in aquatic animals like fish. Adult Humans have lost
this trait. What is it?
8. This trait of many Chordates, but not all, has allowed animals to gain size. What is it?
9. Pharyngeal slits start as grooves in the __________ and develop into slits that __________
___________ ___________.
10. The dorsal hollow nerve cord develops into what to organs of the central nervous system?
11. The backbone of vertebrates encloses a __________ ________.
12. What sub-phylum is the oldest lineage of Chordates? How many Chordate traits does this subphylum retain through life?
13. The sub-phylum Urochordata has a short-lived larval stage before which they undergo a radical
__________________.
14. What single trait is retained into adulthood of the Urochordates?
15. The sub-phylum Hagfish is the least derived ____________ lineage.
16. What does it mean to have a head?
17. The sub-phylum Lampreys are typically parasites of _________ and fall under the clade
vertebrates but their skeleton is made of what?
18. Mineralization of the skeleton is thought to have originated in the ___________.
19. What is the trait acquired by the clade Gnathostomes?
20. What are the 3 methods for developing the young? (Hint: Eggs or not? Where do they hatch?)
21. What clade represents all animals with the acquired trait of an ossified endoskeleton?
22. What does a swim bladder do for fish?
23. The sub-phylum coelacanths are the oldest lineage of what clade?
24. The clade Tetrapods developed ________and _________. They also have a _______ separating
their head from their body and the bones of the __________ ____________ are fused to the
______________.
25. What sub-phylum are the first vertebrates to spend a major portion of their life on land.
26. Adult terrestrial amphibians have lungs but no _____________ so they rely heavily on moist
__________ for gas exchange.
27. (Circle one) For amphibians, fertilization occurs externally/internally.
28. What sub-phylum acquired the trait of amniotic eggs?
29. What is the unique trait acquired by mammals?
30. What is the difference between ectotherms and endotherms?
31. What is an opposable thumb?
32. Marsupials and Eutherians both have ___________ which allows nutrients to diffuse into the
embryo from the mother’s ___________.
Answers:
1.
Metazoa, Eumetazoa, Bilateria, Deuterostomia
2.
True
3.
Dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail
4.
False
5.
Notochord
6.
Your discs between your vertebrae
7.
Post-anal Tail
8.
Vertebrae or backbone
9.
Pharynx, open to the outside of the body
10. Brain and spinal cord
11. Spinal Cord
12. Lancelots, all 4 traits are retained
13. Metamorphosis
14. Pharyngeal slits
15. Craniate
16. Have a skull (hardened cavity with brain) and sensory organs
17. Fish, Cartilage
18. Mouth
19. True Jaws
20. Oviparous, Ovoviviparous, Viviparous
21. Osteichthyans
22. It is an air sac which provides buoyancy
23. Clade: Lobe-fins
24. Limbs, feet, neck, pelvic girdle, backbone/vertebra
25. Amphibians
26. Diaphragm, skin
27. External
28. Reptilia
29. Milk production
30. Ectotherms – animals that absorb external heat as main source of body heat. Endotherms – animals that
maintain body temperature through metabolic activity.
31. Ventral surface of thumb can touch each finger tip
32. Placenta, blood