Name: ______________________________ Rock Cycle Study Guide Pd: _____ Ast. #: _____ I. Write the term on the line that best fits each description. 1. _________________________ Naturally occurring solid mixture composed of minerals, small rock fragments, organic matter, and/or glass. 2. _________________________ Melted rock material that is below the surface of the Earth. 3. _________________________ Melted rock material that is above the surface of the Earth. 4. _________________________ Type of rock that forms when magma/lava cools and crystallizes. 5. _________________________ Small rock fragments that are eroded away from exposed rock surfaces due to weathering processes such as wind, water, or ice. 6. _________________________ When sediment is laid down in a new location. 7. _________________________ Type of rock that forms when layers of sediment are compacted and cemented together. 8. _________________________ The process of compaction and cementation. 9. _________________________ Type of rock that forms deep within the Earth from other rocks as a result of intense heat and pressure (but is not melted). 10. _________________________ The continuous series of geologic processes which change rock from one type to another over time. II. Answer the following questions about the rock cycle. 11. Which type of rock is the most abundant on Earth? 12. When fragments of calcium carbonate (including skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral) are buried under layer after layer of sediment, they are compacted by the pressure of overlying layers and cemented together by minerals. Over time, this process forms limestone, a very common rock in Florida. What type of rock would you classify limestone as? Why? 13. When lava cools very rapidly it creates an extremely smooth, glassy rock called obsidian. What type of rock would you classify obsidian as? Why? 14. When limestone (a type of sedimentary rock) is buried deep within the Earth and exposed to intense heat and pressure, it is changed into marble. What type of rock would you classify marble as? Why? 15. Only one of the three main types of rock can form from the other two types of rock. Which is it, and what process allows it to form out of the other rock types? 16. Sedimentary rock can only form out of one substance. Identify this substance and the process which turns it into sedimentary rock. 17. Igneous rock can only form out of one substance. Identify this substance and the process which turns it into igneous rock. 18. Due to the abundance of volcanoes in Hawaii, what type of rock would you expect to be very common on the Hawaiian Islands? Explain your answer. 19. Because many rivers run into the Gulf of Mexico, you would expect gulf-states such as Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas to have an abundance of which type of rock? Explain your answer. 20. Are magma and lava the same thing? Explain your answer. III. Fill in the missing labels on the rock cycle diagram below. 21) ____________________ 24) ____________________ 25) ____________________ 22) ____________________ 23) ____________________