Biology of Prenatal Development Video
Biology of Prenatal Development
Name:
Date:
Carefully read each question and circle the letter of the correct answer or fill-in the blank accordingly.
1.
2.
What is another term for fertilization?
a.
Conception
b.
Copulation
c.
Contraction
Fertilization begins when a woman’s reproductive cell, the ____________________, and a male’s reproductive
cell, a ____________________, combine 23 chromosomes each thus forming a zygote. (Use the preferred
term for each cell.)
3.
4.
Zygote means:
a.
“Unborn offspring”
b.
Male sperm production
c.
“Yoked or joined together”
The embryonic period refers to the first 8 weeks following fertilization and is a time when
____________________ whereas the fetal period refers to the time after the first 8 weeks of development.
5.
a.
The body grows larger and systems begin to function
b.
Most major body systems develop
c.
The child learns to walk
24-30 hours after fertilization, the first cell division begins by the process of ____________________ and
within 48 hours, the hormone ______________________________ can be detected in the mother’s blood.
6.
3-4 days later, the embryo, now referred to as a ____________________ has a spherical shape. Within 5 days,
a cavity forms and the embryo is now called a ____________________ with a fluid filled sac and a collection of
cells on one end.
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Biology of Prenatal Development Video
a.
morula; fetus
b.
blastocyst; cell mass
c.
morula; blastocyst
7.
( T / F ) Embryonic stem cells can form more than 200 cell types.
8.
( T / F ) Implantation begins around the 6th day and ends around the 12th day following fertilization.
9.
What role does hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin, play in pregnancy?
a.
It directs maternal cells to interrupt the normal menstrual cycle
b.
Allows pregnancy to continue
c.
Both a & b
10. After implantation, the placenta begins to form; what are a few of the roles of the placenta?
a.
Delivers maternal O2, nutrients, hormones, and medications to developing human
b.
Removes all waste products from the fetus
c.
Prevents maternal blood from mixing with embryo/fetal blood
d.
All of the above
11. Ectoderm gives rise to:
a.
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, skin, nails, and hair
b.
Respiratory system, digestive tract, liver, and pancreas
c.
Heart, kidneys, bones, cartilage, muscles, blood cells, and other structures
d.
None of the above
12. Endoderm forms:
a.
Heart, kidneys, bones, cartilage, muscles, blood cells, and other structures
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Biology of Prenatal Development Video
b.
Respiratory system, digestive tract, liver, and pancreas
c.
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, skin, nails, and hair
d.
None of the above
13. Mesoderm gives rise to the following organs: ____________________, ____________________, as well as
____________________ , ____________________ and other structures.
14. By three weeks the brain is dividing into three primary sections ____________________,
____________________, and the ____________________.
15. Between 3 and 4 weeks the body plan emerges and the:
a.
Brain, digestive, and respiratory systems are forming
b.
Heart is developing chambers
c.
Blood cells and vessels are forming
d.
All of the above
16. ( T / F ) The heart begins beating in the 2nd week of embryonic development at about 113 bpm.
17. ( T / F ) The circulatory system is the first system to achieve a functional state.
18. What forms the abdominal and chest cavities?
a.
Amniotic fluid
b.
Ectoderm
c.
Yoke sac
19. ( T / F ) The amniotic fluid does not provide protection to the developing embryo.
20. Between four and five weeks, the following will occur:
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Biology of Prenatal Development Video
a.
Lungs are completely formed, the GI tract is digesting fluid and producing meconium
b.
Hand movement, knee joints form, ossicfication will begin, and the brain has slowed development
c.
Right and left main stem bronchi become present, germ cells migrate to gonads, limb bud
development begins for both upper and lower limbs, and brain divides into 5 distinct sections and is
at this point, 1/3 of the embryos total size.
21. By six weeks, ____________________ and ____________________ movements begin promoting
neuromuscular development.
22. What is physiologic herniation and why does this occur?
a.
Part of the umbilical cord moves inward to the intestine to help form more cord.
b.
Part of the intestine moves into the umbilical cord to make room for other developing organs in the
abdomen.
c.
Part of the intestine moves into the umbilical cord because it is lonely.
23. At 6 weeks and 2 days _______________________________ are detectable.
24. By seven weeks, which of the following occurs?
a.
Leg movements and hiccups
b.
Ovaries are identifiable
c.
Four chambered heart is nearly complete and beats at 167 bpm
d.
All of the above
25. At 7 ½ weeks an adult pattern _________________________ is detectable.
26. ( T / F ) The brain is still 1/3 of the total body mass by eight weeks.
27. ( T / F ) Right or left handed behavior can be seen by eight weeks.
28. ( T / F ) By eight weeks, the kidneys are producing urine which is released into the amniotic fluid.
29. ( T / F ) By the end of the embryonic period, the embryo possesses only 60% of adult structures.
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Biology of Prenatal Development Video
30. Eight weeks marks the end of the ___________________________________ period
31. The _________________________________ period continues until birth.
32. By nine weeks, the fetus may do which of the following:
a.
Suck his/her thumb
b.
Grasp
c.
Stretch and sigh
d.
All of the above
33. ( T / F ) By the end of nine weeks, females are replicating immature reproductive cells termed oogonia in the
ovary.
34. ( T / F ) By 10 weeks a growth spurt has increased the body weight by 75%.
35. In the 10th week, what will occur?
a.
Ossification in most bones
b.
Sections of intestine in umbilical cord begin returning to abdominal cavity
c.
Movement, breathing, and heat rate follow circadian rhythms
d.
A&B
e.
None of the above
36. By 11 weeks, the ___________________ and ____________________ of the face are completely formed.
37. Twelve weeks marks the end of the 1st ___________________________________ of pregnancy
38. In the 12th week, the fetus may have a bowel movement and expel meconium which is composed of
____________________, ____________________, and ____________________ shed by the digestive tract.
39. At 15 weeks Bone marrow produces _____________________________________________
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Biology of Prenatal Development Video
40. By the 16th week (4 months), several things have happened with the fetus. They include:
a.
Most of the body is sensitive to light touch and there are now fat deposits in the cheeks, abdomen,
back, and shoulders.
b.
Hormonal stress response due to invasive procedures such as an amnioscentesis
c.
Both a & b
d.
Neither a nor b
41. At 18 weeks, the ________________________________ covers the fetus and protects the skin from the
irritating effects of the amniotic fluid.
42. ( T / F ) Fetal movement, breathing, and heart rate are shown to follow circadian rhythms in the 19th week.
43. At 20 weeks, the ___________________, the organ of hearing, has reached adult size in the fully developed
inner ear.
44. Between 21 and 22 weeks, the lungs have gained some ability to breathe and this is considered the
______________________________ because at this point, some fetuses may be able to survive outside of the
womb.
45. By 24 weeks, the fetus may have their ________________________________ open and exhibit a
________________________________/__________________________________ response.
46. ( T / F ) The pupils will respond to light by 27 weeks and the sense of smell is operational.
47. By 28 weeks, the ____________________ complexity of the CNS is showing cycles of activity and rest.
48. ( T / F ) By about 32 weeks, true alveoli are developing in the lungs and will continue to develop until 8 years
after birth.
49. At 35 weeks, the fetus has a ____________________ hand grasp.
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50. The fetus releases large amounts of what hormone which will begin labor?
a.
Progesterone
b.
Testosterone
c.
Estrogen
d.
None of the above
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