RMDD-PRJ- F1
Rev 0/11-20-09
Department of Science and Technology
PHILIPPINE COUNCIL FOR HEALTH RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
DETAILED RESEARCH PROPOSAL
(1) Cover sheet
Revision date and number:
Rev 0 / 2014-10-01
Program Title:
Integrative Laboratory Animal Testing of Medical Devices for Abdominal and Musculo-skeletal
Disorders
Project Title:
Wound healing and post-operative management using conventional and alternative approaches
Study number – (to be provided by PCHRD)
Program Coordinator/Gender:
Loinda R. Baldrias / Female
Agency/Address:
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna
Telephone/Fax/E-mail:
Telefax: 049-536-2730 / Email: lrbaldrias@yahoo.com
Project Leader/Gender:
Jezie A. Acorda / Male
Agency/Address:
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna
Telephone/Fax/E-mail:
Telefax: 049-536-6901 / Email: jaacorda@up.edu.ph
Implementing agency:
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna
Cooperating agencies:
Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines
Diliman
College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman
National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila
Page 1 of 5
(2) Table of contents
(3) Introduction……………………………………………....2
(4) Program/Project title………………………………….. ..3
(5) Program/Project leader……………………………….. .3
(6) Implementing agency…………………….……………..3
(7) Cooperating agency………………………………… ….3
(8) Significance of the proposal…………………………....4
(9) Literature review…………………………………………4
(10) Objectives……………………………………………....7
(11) Expected Output……………………………………….7
(12) End-users / Target Beneficiaries……………………..8
(13) Program / Project duration…………………………….8
(14) Methodology…………………………………………....8
(15) Plans for data processing and analysis……………..11
(16) Workplan schedule……………………………………11
(17) Ethical / Biosafety clearance…………………………12
(18) Research Utilization…………………………………..12
(19) Estimated budgetary requirements…………………12
(20) Curriculum vitae……………………………………….13
(21) Endorsement from the agency head………………..14
(22) Bibliography……………………………………………14
(23) Line Item Budget………………………………………15
(3) Introduction
Wound healing is a complex process which is composed of a cascade of cellular and biochemical
mechanisms involving hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. In recent times,
considerable advances have been made in an attempt to discover the perfect wound healing agent that
would aid and accelerate the repair process at a lesser cost. The cheaper and more effective the
treatment, the better it is for the patient as well as to the owner. Conventional or Western medicine
provides efficient wound healing at a high cost. Many people, however, tend to revert to natural therapies
because they believe that it is much safer and it would cost less over the long-term treatment of their
animals. In addition, most of the conventional therapies are not readily available and affordable especially
for the rural dwellers. Because of this, the importance of indigenous, traditional or folk medicinal plants as
an alternative in treating wounds is being recognized. Nevertheless, this would depend on the country’s
availability of resources. Since the Philippines is blessed with rich biological diversity, availability of
medicinal plants is not much of a problem.
Alternative medicine covers a wide variety of healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies,
including physical therapy, acupuncture, chiropractic, naturopathy, herbal medicine, homeopathy, and
massage therapy, and it has emerged as an important concept for the health care industry. This is due to
the fact that consumers of health care today are more interested in, and more about, options outside the
traditional boundaries of health care (Salcido, 1999).
Physiotherapeutic techniques involve the use of massage, chiropractic, hot and cold therapy,
hyperbaric oxygen, light, electricity, ultrasound, laser, magnet and sound. Electrical stimulation has been
utilized for wound healing in dogs (Sumano et al., 2002). Healing using low level laser therapy and effect
of different suture patterns have been evaluated for teat wounds in dairy cattle (Ghamsari et al.,
1994,1995, 1996, 1997). The effect of different wavelengths of low level laser therapy has been
investigated in mice (Kameya et al., 1995).
Acupuncture has also been utilized for wound healing in different animals. Acorda and Ubaldo
(2000) investigated the wound healing rate and blood cellular responses of rumenotomized goats
subjected to aquapuncture. The wound healing in sheep (Ovis aries L.) treated with guava (Psidium
guajava L.) poultice with or without aquapuncture using coconut water was compared with antiobioticantiseptic (Cruz and Acorda, 2006). The effects of acupuncture on duration of xylazine-ketamine
Page 2 of 5
induced anesthesia, wound healing rate and leukocyte counts in cats subjected to ventral midline
exploratory laparotomy was reported by Neyra and Acorda (2000). Lanuza and Acorda (2007)
investigated the effect of aquapuncture using capsicum decoction on post operative wound healing,
morbidity and mortality in cats.
The effect of herbal medicines on would healing have also been investigated. Aloe vera extract
has been used for wound healing of surgical skin wounds in cats (Miranda, 1993). Acap et al. (2005)
compared the effects of two garlic (Allium sativum) preparations on wound healing in cats. Carica
papaya or papaya has been used for treating chronic wounds, burns, and other skin imperfections in folk
and herbal medicines (Raintree Nutrition Inc., 2004). Virgin coconut oil has been claimed to have
antimicrobial and antiviral agents that outpower other oils in the market (Lee, 2001).
Other materials that have been investigated for wound healing include cyanoacrylate glue for
wound closure (Bisa, 2003) and protein-free hemodialysate on wound healing in cats (Ilang-ilang, 1993).
The use of physiotherapeutic methods, acupuncture and plant-based materials as wound healing
agents, as alternative to or as supplement to conventional medicine, has the potential to increase wound
healing rate, facilitate recovery of the animal and reduce the cost of postoperative therapy.
Revolutionary and technological advances in the past few years have resulted to the development
of molecular techniques in the elucidation of the molecular and cellular processes of wound healing.
Expression of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, leptins, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet derived
growth factors (PDGF),fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), Neu differentiation
factor (NDF), vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF), angiopoetins, activins, nerve growth factors
(NGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) was shown to be strongly upregulated during wound healing.
Impaired wound healing was shown to be associated with abnormal expression of insulin-like growth
factors, PDGF, placenta growth factor and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) among others (Ascroft et
al., 1997; Bitar, 2000; Bitar and Labbad, 1996; Brown et al., 1997; Kaiser et al., 1998; Niessen et al.,
2001; Werner et al., 1994; Werner and Grose, 2003; Shah et al., 1999). Lee et al. (2011) have
demonstrated that acupuncture accelerates wound healing in burn-injured mice and it increases the
expression levels of inflammatory-protein-1α (MIP-1α), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and fibronectin while
decreasing the expression levels of α-SMA. Houreld (2014) have shown that laser irradiation influence
gene expression and release of various growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix
proteins involved in wound healing. Coldren et al. (2012) have demonstrated that Centella
asiatica, a widely-used medicinal plant of Southeast Asian origin, affects the expression of genes
involved in angiogenesis and the remodeling of extracellular matrix, and diverse growth factor
genes.
At present, limited studies are available investigating the effects of integrative postoperative management procedures particularly the use of local herbs on gene expression. Gene
expression profiling in response to integrative post-operative management procedures will provide a better
understanding of the bioactivity of these new post-operative procedures at the molecular level and
quantitative correlation of its bioactivity with observed clinical results, which are important in evidencebased medicine and clinical practice.
(4) Program/project title
Program Title:
Integrative Laboratory Animal Testing of Medical Devices for Abdominal and Musculo-skeletal
Disorders
Project Title:
Wound healing and post-operative management using conventional and alternative approaches
(5) Program/project leader
Project Leader/Gender: Jezie A. Acorda / Male
Designation: Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
Page 3 of 5
College, Laguna
Field of Specialization: Diagnostic Ultrasound, Alternative Medicine
Agency/Address:
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna
Telephone/Fax/E-mail: Telefax: 049-536-6901 / Email: jaacorda@up.edu.ph
Percentage time to be devoted to research: 30%
(6) Implementing agency
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna
(7) Cooperating agencies
Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines
Diliman
College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman
National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila
(8) Significance of the proposal
Post-operative management of laboratory animals necessitates consideration not only of wound healing
and recovery of the animal from both anesthesia and surgical procedures but also the welfare of the
animals. With the increasing use of animals for research applications in human disorders, there is also
an increasing concern for more effective and efficient post-operative management with ethical and
welfare considerations, utilizing both conventional and complementary and alternative medicine.
Molecular diagnostic tools will also be applied to investigate the cellular and molecular effects of the
post-operative management protocols through gene expression studies of pro and anti-inflammatory
genes and genes involved in wound healing, evaluation of cytokine expression and oxidative stress
pathway activity. The proposed project is envisioned to generate post-operative management
protocols for various surgical procedures utilizing laboratory animals which can be used not only by
veterinarians surgeons but also by medical surgeons. The utilization of herbal medications for wound
healing can also facilitate the development of the local herbal industry.
(9) Literature review
Wound healing
A wound is described as a break in the structure of an organ or tissue caused by an external
agent. It can be classified as closed wounds such as contusions and abrasions and open wounds such as
incision, laceration, puncture, and penetrating (Archibald, 1981). The primary aim for wound healing is
how well a drug can restore the full protective function of the damaged tissue in the shortest time possible.
However, the rate of healing is dependent on the body's response to the degree and type of trauma
inflicted to the animal (Ilang-ilang, 1993). Cascade of events within the wound occurs following injury that
subsequently initiates the healing process. According to Johnston (1990b), there are three active
processes involved in wound healing. These are the process of inflammation, repair processes or
proliferative phase, and remodeling or maturation of the healing tissues.
The complexity of healing involves multiple factors interacting for part or all of the healing process
(Bojrab, 1982a). The nutritional status of an animal plays an important factor in enhancing wound healing.
In animals that do not receive proper nutrition, anemia and nutritional deficiencies may set in. Deficiencies
Page 4 of 5
in protein, vitamin A and E, and vitamin C will lead to increased wound healing time. In addition, the
degree of local tissue trauma and the presence of foreign bodies contribute in delaying healing time.
Excessive amounts of nonviable tissue within the wound decrease the viability of the surrounding tissues
and increase the amount of tissue the body must remove before eventual healing (Bojrab, 1982a).
Moreover, foreign materials such as suture materials, nonviable bone parts, grass awns, sand, and similar
materials encourage bacterial growth. If factors advantageous to healing are present and factors having
the ability to disturb or retard the healing processes are controlled or absent, therefore, the optimal rate of
healing is attained (Johnston, 1990a). Furthermore, the rate of wound healing is also dependent on the
type of wound management applied.
All types of wounds can be repaired. However, procedures for wound repair depend on the type of
defect and degree of trauma inflicted to the wound. As described by Bojrab (1982b) and Johnston
(1990b), sharply incised wounds without significant tissue loss heal rapidly with or without the need for
significant reduction in wound volume. Wounds that have occurred within the first 8 hours are described
as having healed by primary intention. However, for large wounds with significant tissue loss and infection
secondary intention healing is considered. These wounds are allowed to heal by contraction and
epithelialization. On the other hand, third-intention healing is attempted only when granulation bed is
achieved. This situation occurs in some wounds one to three weeks after wounding, or when contraction
and epithelialization cease, or when further contraction would lead to deformity. This type of healing is
consists of freshening the wound margins and approximating the skin edges over the granulating tissue.
Closure may be done as for primary closure or by placing sutures over the flat granulating surface.
According to Clewlow (2003), modern veterinary wound management has similar approaches in
treating wounds since the seventeenth century. He also stressed out that the present day’s management
mirrors that used in human medicine. For example, throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,
warm white wine was widely used as “water proper for all sorts of wounds”. Warm ox urine was also used
in removing suppuration from the wound before binding it up with linen bandages soaked in liquid pitch
and oil. Carbolic acid (phenol) was also utilized as an antiseptic agent before chemical agents such as
hydrogen peroxide was introduced to replace the plant products that had been used for centuries. Despite
of developments in wound management during the nineteenth century, the use of these recipes is
countenanced through generations.
The advancement in wound management has markedly increased in recent years. Swaim and
Gilette (1998) mentioned that current wound management includes topical vulnerary products that
stimulate healing, dressings that interact with wound surfaces to enhance healing, and a skin protectant to
help prevent irritation-type wounds. These include acemannan, bovine collagen, and calcium alginate.
Furthermore, there are other studies that have been conducted for enhanced wound healing. Some of
which include the use of electrical stimulation for wound healing in dogs (Sumano et al., 2002), low level
laser therapy on secondary healing of teat wounds in dairy cattle (Ghamsari et al., 1995), aloe vera extract
on wound healing of surgical skin wounds in cats (Miranda, 1993), Cyanoacrylate glue for wound closure
(Bisa, 2003), and Protein-free hemodialysate (Solcoseryl®) on wound healing in cats (Ilang-ilang, 1993).
The development of non-suture methods was made in an effort to minimize tissue-induced reactions
made by suture materials that may result into delayed wound healing (Bisa, 2003).
Most of the conventional drugs used for wounds especially those applied topically can be effective
when correctly used but the cost of these drugs and its consequences is a major disadvantage, thus,
some would opt to use alternative ways in treating wounds.
Conventional therapy
Triple antibiotic ointment is available in over-the-counter preparations which contains Polymyxin B
sulfate, Bacitracin zinc, and Neomycin sulfate as a first aid antibiotic and pain-relieving ointment or cream.
It helps to reduce swelling, redness, itching, and scar formation while treating skin infections (Gold
Standard Multimedia Inc., 2000).
Bacitracin is produced by a strain of Bacillus subtilis and is a polypeptide antibiotic that inhibits
bacterial cell wall synthesis. It is active against a wide variety of gram-positive organisms (Harvey et al.,
1992). Polymyxin B Sulfate is also a polypeptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus polymyxa. It is rapidly
bactericidal but exclusively against gram-negative organisms. It is particularly effective against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus aegypticus frequently found in local infections of the eye
(Pfizer® Inc., 2004). Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis of gram-
Page 5 of 5
negative organisms by which the mechanism is determined for streptomycin.
It is therapeutically advisable to treat with the single agent that is most specific for the infecting
organism (Harvey et al., 1992). This strategy reduces the possibility of superinfection, decreases the
occurrence of resistant organism, and preventing antagonism between drugs as well as the increased
incidence of toxicity. Nephrotoxicity occurs after parenteral absorption, and its current use is limited to
topical application or oral treatment in hepatic coma to reduce the intestinal bacterial population (Harvey,
et al, 1992). However, Mealey (2000) claimed that ointments have the ability to hydrate the stratum
cornuem, the most important barrier for transdermal drug absorption, thus, increasing skin permeability.
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy or physical therapy is the used of physical agents for healing. Physiotherapeutic
procedures that have been used for wound healing include electrotherapy, laser therapy, ultrasound
therapy and magnetic field therapy.
Electric currents have been used in physical therapy and sports medicine since beginning of
recorded medical history. With recent technological advances there has been an increase in the use of
electricity as a therapeutic modality over the last ten years. Electrical stimulators available today are called
a variety of names which creates confusion and leads the user to believe that there might be a difference
in the physiological effects of the various units. High voltage galvanic stimulators, faradic stimulators, low
voltage stimulator, TENS, Interferential current stimulator, electrical muscle stimulator, and electrical nerve
stimulator are examples of the variety of names given these units. Though electrical stimulators come in
many shapes, sizes, and prices they have a common single purpose, to stimulate tissue for a therapeutic
response. perhaps the most common use of electrical stimulation is in the relief of acute or chronic pain.
Electrical stimulation is often used as a bactericide and to hasten the regenerative process in wounds.
Healing time is reduced and there appears to be less scarring when appropriate electrical stimulation is
applied to a wound. The theoretical rationale for this occurrence includes improved circulation and
lymphatic drainage as well as the bactericidal effect of the negative electrode.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) utilizes low-power or cold laser, such as helium-neon or
gallium-arsenide, for treatment. The effects of laser can be summarized by stating that the laser
beam penetrates into the tissues where it is absorbed by the cells and converted to the energy,
therefore influencing the process of metabolism. At other times, laser can be combined with
acupuncture. There are two major benefits of laser acupuncture. It is non-invasive and there is no
sensation associated with the beam. Indications of LLLT are as follows: (1) analgesic effects: Laser
irradiation to nerve trunks or acupoints, in order to perform surgical operations or to treat painful
diseases; (2) Laser acupuncture: Deliver laser beam to acupoints. Acupuncture has a balancing
effect, so it can normalize the organs or systems; (3) Tissue stimulation: Laser to treat wounds,
inflammations or paralysis of nerves.
Therapeutic ultrasound is the use of ultrasound for therapy. Ultrasound is produced by
subjecting a quartz or other type of suitable crystal to bombardment by a high frequency current.
Ultrasound machines are designed to be powered by either mains electricity or from a rechargeable
battery. Ultrasound is capable of raising deep tissue temperature significantly without causing an
elevation in the temperature of the skin surface. Therefore, ultrasound can be used to selectively
heat certain deep tissues such as muscles or ligaments while avoiding excessive heating of the
overlying skin. In the absence of bacteria low doses of therapeutic ultrasound promote the promotion
of the granulation tissue. Laboratory work has established that ultrasound energy is absorbed at the
molecular level. It is the proteins among the molecular constituents of soft tissue that are the major
absorbers. It has thermal, electrical and chemical effects.
Magnetic therapy includes the use of magnetic field for treatment. Electromagnetism is created
by passing a current through a coil circling a suitable conducting material. Its effects include reestablishing the correct surface potential of the cells, and thus restore normal function, increased
vascularity and pain relief.
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese method of medicine which is based on patient observation. It
means “piercing needles” to various points in the body with low electrical resistance called acupuncture
Page 6 of 5
points in order to treat diseases or prevent its occurrence. Chinese medicine is based on concepts of
balance within the body and balance between the body and its environment (Schoen. 1994). Any
imbalance would manifest in a disease condition. Acupuncture is a method of restoring the balance in
order to alleviate the condition.
In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the theoretical bases of acupuncture include the Ying-Yang
theory, Five Elements theory, Zang-Fu theory, Qi, Blood, Essence and Body Fluids and the Meridians
(Jing-luo). According to the Ying-Yang theory, every organic and inorganic thing in the universe was
classified either predominantly Ying and Yang. Ying and Yang constantly interact with, and react to each
other in order to achieve a balance (Chuan, 1995; FAO, 1990). The Five Elements theory consists of two
normal cycles (generating or promoting sequence and controlling sequence) and two abnormal cycles
(over-acting sequence and insulting sequence) of five elements - wood, fire, earth, metal and water. It has
applications in physiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of animals. In the Zang-Fu theory, there are
pathological and physiological connections between the internal and external organs and structures; the
manifestations of the external structures may reflect the physiological and pathological changes of the
viscera and use them for assessment of the general health of the animal, as well as for diagnosis and
treatment (Chuan, 1995; FAO, 1990).
Qi, blood, essence and body fluids are the basic or vital substances of the body and are very
important to maintain the activity of life. The functional activity of internal organs and meridians lies on qi,
blood, essence and body fluids as the substance basis. The meridians are considered to be pathways in
which Qi and blood of the animal body are circulated. They pertain to the Zang-Fu organs internally and
extend over the body externally. The channels which constitute the main trunks run longitudinally and
internally within the body while the collaterals which represent branches of the channels run transversely
and superficially (Chuan, 1995; FAO, 1990).
Numerous studies had been conducted to investigate the mechanism of acupuncture analgesia.
From these results, it is clear that pain suppression of acupuncture analgesia is mainly mediated by the
body’s neuro-humoral system. Neuro-humoral substances involved in acupuncture include endorphins,
serotonin and norepinephrine. Other mediators of acupuncture analgesia identified include acetylcholine,
dopamine, catecholamines, potassium, histamine and bradykinin have been reported to be involved in
acupuncture analgesia (Chuan, 1995).
There are different methods of acupuncture stimulation. The conventional needle acupuncture
uses different sizes, shape and length of needles for different purposes. It is applied by thrusting and
twirling. Fire needling is a non conventional form of stimulation done by heating needle and insertion to
the acupoint. Hemo acupuncture is also called blood letting. Blood is drawn from acupoints located in the
veins. Pneumo acupuncture is injection of air with the use of a syringe to the acupoint. Aquapuncture is
also called injection therapy. It is done by injection of appropriate viable solutions like vitamins, hormones,
antibiotics, and dextrose solution using hypodermic needle into the acupuncture points.Cupping is a
combination of vacuum and thermo therapy. Moxibustion uses burning herbs which gives off mild and
constant heat. Implantation or embedding uses solid materials like gold wire and surgical clips and
implanted to the acupoint. Electro acupuncture is the modern method wherein electric current is supplied
through the needles which are attached to the acupoints (FAO, 1990). Laserpuncture, ultrasound
acupuncture, microwave acupuncture and magnetic acupuncture utilize laser, ultrasound, microwave and
magnet, respectively, to stimulate acupuncture points.
Herbal therapies
Carica papaya or Papaya/pawpaw has been known to be a wonder fruit of the tropics favored by
humans as breakfast fruits, and as ingredient in jellies, preserves, and cooked in various ways. Singh
(1990) stated that papaya is grown primarily for its nutritive fruits and for extraction of its digestive
constituent, papain. Papaya is thought to be native to tropical America, from Southern Mexico through
Central America. It was used extensively by the Indians, and throughout the Caribbean with Spanish
exploration (Thompson, 2001). It was recorded that the Spanish carried seeds to Panama and then
Europe and to Philippines at 1550 (Duke, 1983).
Virgin coconut oil, as it has come to be known, is extracted from freshly grated coconut meat, not
dried copra. It has not been subjected to refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) process. The grated
meat is pressed to an expeller to produce the coconut milk. The milk then undergoes centrifugation to
separate the mixture into oil, cream and water. No heat is used during the extraction process. What
Page 7 of 5
makes it different from regular or crude coconut oil is that it has a scent and taste of a fresh coconut
whereas, copra-based refined coconut oil have no taste or fragrance at all due to the refining process
(Peat, 1996).
Capsicum or cayenne pepper is used by the Native Americans as food and medicine for nine
thousand years. It contains galenical oleoresin which is a counter irritant. It causes dilation of cutaneous
blood vessels and produces local anesthesia (Booth and McDonald. 1982). Capsicum is a certain
stimulant and produced highest analgesic effect. It is non narcotic nor destructive of body’s vital functions.
The anti oxidant nature of methoxy phenol ring of capsaicin interferes with oxygen radical transfer
mechanism common to lipo oxygenase and cyclo oxygenase. It blocks pain fibers by destroying
substance prostaglandin which normally mediates pain signals to the brain (Blumenthal, 2000).
Other herbs that have been utilized for wound healing in humans include Aloe vera syn. A.
barbadensis, Symphytum officinale, Jasminum grandiflorum and Myrtus communis.
Other materials that have been investigated for wound healing include cyanoacrylate glue for
wound closure (Bisa, 2003) and protein-free hemodialysate on wound healing in cats (Ilang-ilang, 1993).
Molecular Medicine
Advances in biotechnology have enabled the development of molecular medical tools in the
understanding of signaling and metabolic pathways, biosynthetic processes and the functional interactions
of cells, tissues and organs under normal physiological and pathological conditions. Gene expression
profiling is an emerging technology that analyzes the activity of thousands of genes, in isolation or
simultaneously, to create a global picture of biological functions (Burska et al., 2014). Analysis of gene
expression is an important tool to identify and quantify genes whose activity may be helpful in the
assessment of normal versus pathological and treated versus non-treated conditions.
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is one method in molecular biology to examine
the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a gene. In this method, mRNA is converted into cDNA
and used as a template in PCR reactions using gene-specific primers. The more abundant transcripts
from highly transcribed genes will yield more product than more weakly transcribed genes, hence,
comparison of transcript levels of a specific gene in response to different treatment protocols and different
physiological states can be performed (Higuchi et al., 1993).
Recent studies have identified a variety of genes and their products that are important in wound
healing. Impaired wound healing in aged mice was observed to be associated with a delay in appearance
of PDGF (Ascroft et al., 1997) while augmented PDGF production was observed to be involved in the
pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars and kelloids (Niessen et al.,2001). mRNA levels of FGF1, FGF2, and
FGF7 were observed to be reduced during wound healing in healing-impaired genetically diabetic mice
compared with control mice (Werner et al., 1994). Several studies also suggested the role of the IGF
system in the wound healing abnormalities associated with diabetes and glucocorticoid treatment (Bitar,
2000; Bitar and Labbad, 1996; Brown et al., 1997). TGF-β1-deficient mice was also shown to have
severely impaired late-stage wound repair (Werner and Grose, 2003). However, over-expression of TGFβ1 was shown to inhibit keratinocyte proliferation resulting to delayed reepithelialization (Shah et al.,
1999). Over-expression of BMP-6 was also shown to result to abnormal reepithelialization (Kaiser et al.,
1998).
A genetic approach in identifying the expression of growth factors, cytokines, pro and antiinflammatory genes and genes involved in wound healing is desirable. Upregulation of these molecules
after injury is frequently observed while abnormal expression of these molecules is often associated with
impaired wound healing or excessive scarring. These may indicate that a correct temporal and spatial
expression of these genes is essential for normal repair.
(10) Objectives
The project aims to develop post-operative management protocols for different surgical procedures in
laboratory animals utilizing both conventional, molecular and complementary and alternative medicine
considering wound healing, post-operative recovery and welfare of the animal.
Enumerate the goals that the program/project would attempt to achieve. If possible, delineate the general
Page 8 of 5
from the specific objectives. Research objectives should be: Specific, Measurable, Attainable,
Relevant and Time-bound. If the proposal is a program, the program objectives as well as specific
project objectives should be indicated.
(11) Expected Output (s)
Protocols for post-operative management of laboratory animals after surgical procedures.
Publications on wound healing and post-operative management of animals
This refers to the end results (e.g. production technology or knowledge) expected upon completion of the
research. The output (s) needs to be identified to highlight impact/importance of the research.
(12) End-users/target beneficiaries
Target beneficiaries will include the health sector, researchers, academe and the general public.
(13) Program/project duration
24 months
This refers to the planned start date, completion date, and duration in months.
(14) Methodology
Both conventional (e.g. antibiotic therapy) and complementary and alternative medical procedures (e.g.
acupuncture, low-level laser therapy, physiotherapy and herbal medicine) will be utilized and
examined to develop effective, efficient and humane protocols for post-operative management of
laboratory animals after surgical procedures. Molecular diagnostic tools will also be applied to
investigate the cellular and molecular effects of the post-operative management protocols through
gene expression studies of pro and anti-inflammatory genes and genes involved in wound healing,
evaluation of cytokine expression and oxidative stress pathway activity.
(Details such as; a) variables to be measured and evaluated; b) treatments to be used and their layout; c)
experimental procedures and design; d) statistical analysis; e) evaluation method and observations to be made,
strategies for implementation.)
Study design – this section indicates how the study objectives will be achieved. It includes a description
of the type of study design eg. Cross sectional, case control, cohort, etc.
Study population – this is required for studies involving animals and humans. This section states the
number of study subjects required to enter and complete the study. A brief definition of the type of study
subject required is also described.
Inclusion criteria – this section describes the criteria each study subject must satisfy to enter the
study. These criteria may include, but are not limited to the following: age, sex, race,
diagnosis/condition, method of diagnosis, diagnostic test.
Exclusion criteria – this section details the criteria that would eliminate a study subject from
participation in the study.
Sample size computation – this section describes the type of sampling design and the assumptions
used to compute the sample size.
Page 9 of 5
Site of the study – this section details the location, station or unit where the R and D will be conducted
Study plan – this section explains the plan of action, procedures and methods to be used during the study.
Detailed methodology is described for laboratory, diagnostic, interviews, manner of data collection.
Special instrumentation may be described in a subsection (instrumentation/data collection tools, special
equipment, etc.)
Case report form – the case report form (CRF) should be attached to the research proposal. If the CRF is
in electronic format, a printed copy should be attached as an appendix.
Variables to be investigated – dependent/outcome and independent variables
(15) Plans for data processing and analysis
The data obtained from the different studies will be subjected to appropriate statistical tests.
- Computer facilities to be used, software packages
- Statistical tools/tests to be used
- Dummy tables
(16) Work plan schedule







Application of low level laser therapy for wound healing and post-operative recovery
Application of different methods of acupuncture for wound healing and post-operative recovery
Application of different herbs for wound healing and post-operative recovery
Application of physiotherapy for wound healing and post-operative recovery
Application of antibiotic therapy for wound healing and post-operative recovery
Integration of the above procedures for wound healing and post-operative recovery
Integrative post-operative management procedures for the animal
This is brief description in chronological order of each activity to be undertaken. The plan of work of a
project should reflect the schedule of the study components. For the program, individual schedules of
each of the projects should be supplied. A Gantt chart of activities should be given. This chart will
indicate the relative time frame and schedule of the major activities of the proposal, including plans for
research utilization.
(17) Ethical/biosafety clearance
Appropriate permits from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee will be obtained for the
different studies.
(18) Research utilization
The outputs of the different researches conducted under this project will be presented in different scientific
meetings and published in appropriate journal publications.
(19) Estimated budgetary requirements
Indicate the annual budget of the proposal according to source of funds. For the first year, specify the
budget for major expense items. For succeeding years, only the total annual budget is required initially.
The detailed breakdown of financial assistance requested should be in accordance with the New
Government Accounting System (NGAS); the counterpart funding of the implementing agency as well as
Page 10 of 5
other agencies cooperating in the project should also be reflected. Details of the financial requirements
per expense item and source of funds are illustrated at the end page.
Under the Personnel Services (PS), segregate the number and positions of those who will be receiving
salaries from those who will be entitled to honoraria. Salaried personnel will consist of those who will work
full time for the project.
Part-time staff to be hired for the research will be entitled to honoraria. Likewise, the Project Leader and
the consultants will be recipients of honoraria. Indicate the recommended salaries/honoraria rates per
position and the coverage of their service periods.
For Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE), the traveling expenses of transportation of
one’s personal and essential baggage, per diems while in route or away from permanent station and items
necessarily incidental thereto in connections with the research work. The item on supplies and materials
will include expenses on consumable and semi-expendable field/laboratory/office supplies and materials
needed in the course of the study. Budget for sundry will consist of expenses on communications, repairs
and maintenance, estimated cost for research utilization (RU) component, computerization, and
miscellaneous expenses. Details for each line item should be provided.
The Capital Outlay (CO) details the budgetary requirement of the research for equipment items needed for
the project. Indicate the quantity, unit cost and total amount.
An administrative cost equivalent to 7.5% of total costs under PS and MOOE can be included as part of
the budget. This item corresponds to the overhead expenses (PS and MOOE) incurred by the
implementing agency in managing, evaluating and monitoring the program/project.
(20) Curriculum vitae
Currriculum vitae of Jezie A. Acorda, Project Leader
Designation:
Professor, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UPLB
Editor-in-chief, Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine
Graduate education
University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, USA, Laboratory Internship on Animal Breeding
and Reproductive Physiology
Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro City, Hokkaido, Japan, Master
of Agriculture
Gifu University, Gifu City, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, Doctor of Philosophy
Previous research positions
Chairman, College Committee on Research Coordination
Monitoring Officer, Farm Integrated Animal Health and Production Project, Laguna Chapter
Member, Editorial Board of UPLB Journal of Environmental Science and Management
Section Editor, Philippine Agricultural Scientist
Member, University-Wide Committee on Environmental Management
Editor-in-chief, Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Vice-Chancellor for Research and Extension, UPLB, 2001-2003.
Secretary, University Research and Extension Council, UPLB
Chair, School of Environmental Science and Management (SESAM) Advisory Board
Member, UP System Committee on Research, Publications and Creative Works
Page 11 of 5
Consortium Director, Southern Tagalog Agriculture and Resources Research and Development
Consortium (STARRDEC), PCARRD-DOST
Member, Regional Research and Development Coordinating Committee, Region IV, PCARRDDOST
Member, Regional Development Council, Region IV,
Project Director, Zonal Research Center (ZRC) Regions IV and V, Commission on Higher
Education (CHED)
Member, PCARRD Technical Advisory Committee
Member, UPLB Publications Program Editorial Board
Chairman, Thesis Committee
Member, UP Intellectual Honesty and Research Ethics Committee
Awards
Outstanding Young Scientist in the field of Veterinary Science, National Academy of Science and
Technology (NAST)
Diamond Jubilee Professorial Chair Award, UPLB
UNIVET Outstanding Young Professional in Animal Science, Philippine Society of Animal Science
Development Fund Professorial Chair Award, UPLB
Best Paper Award in Cattle, Philippine Society of Animal Science 36th Annual Convention
Outstanding Scientific Paper Award, National Academy of Science and Technology, 22nd Annual
Scientific Meeting
International Publication Awards, University of the Philippines System
Distinguished Alumnus for Research Award, College of Veterinary Medicine Alumni Association,
UPLB
BAR Director's Award (Research and Development Paper Published in Refereed Journal)
DA Secretary's Award (Research and Development Paper Published in ISI Journal)
San Miguel Corporation Distinguished Researcher in Animal Science, Philippine Society of
Animal Science
Most Outstanding Veterinarian of 2004 in Research, Veterinary Practitioners Association of the
Philippines
UPAA of Metro Toronto Professorial Chair Award, UPLB
Dr. Jose A. Solis-Dr. Stewart H. Parker Professorial Chair Award in Veterinary Medicine, UPLB
Best Paper Award in Health and Welfare, Philippine Society of Animal Science
Metro Manila Commission Professorial Chair Award, UPLB
Outstanding Teacher Award (Biological Sciences), UPLB
Distinguished Alumnus Award in Education and Research, College of Veterinary Medicine Alumni
Association, UPLB
UPLB Centennial Professorial Chair, UPLB
Most Outstanding Veterinarian in Academe, Veterinary Practitioners Association of the Philippines
UP Scientific Productivity Award, UP Scientist I, 2010-2012, University of the Philippines
Diamond Jubilee Professorial Chair Award, UPLB
Outstanding Veterinarian in Government Service, 80th Philippine Veterinary Medical Association
Scientific Conference and Annual Convention
National Research Council of the Philippines Achievement Award, 80th NRCP Annual General
Assembly
San Miguel Corporation Professorial Chair Award, UPLB
UP Scientific Productivity Award, UP Scientist III, 2013-2015, University of the Philippines
Scientific publications in refereed journals
1. Acorda JA and Gonzales, AS Jr. 1981. An epidemiological survey of rabies in dogs and cats in
Metro Manila (1976-1980). Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 20 (1): 15-35.
2. Llaguno GV II, Gonzales AS Jr, Heruela CR, Ibañez KY and Acorda JA. 1981. Field trial of
Page 12 of 5
prostaglandin F2-A for estrus induction and synchronization and conception rate in upgraded
carabaos (Bubalus bubalis). Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 20 (2): 108-121.
3. Acorda JA, Okamoto M and Yoshida N. 1991. A study on the feed value of processed rice
straw. Hokkaido Grassland Research Journal 25: 55-57 (in Japanese).
4. Acorda JA, Okamoto M and Yoshida N. 1992. Upgrading of processed rice straw for feeding:
I. Nutritive value of rice straw processed with sodium hydroxide, soybean meal, urea, cage
layer manure and molasses. Journal of Japan Grassland Science 37: 404-411 (English with
Japanese summary).
5. Acorda JA, Okamoto M and Yoshida N. 1992. Upgrading of processed rice straw for feeding:
II. Nutritive value of rice straw processed with urea, broiler manure and molasses. Journal of
Japan Grassland Science 38: 198-206 (English with Japanese summary).
6. Acorda JA, Yamada H and Kameya T. 1993. Care of the hoof in Swedish cows. Japan
Farriers Journal 163: 14-22 (in Japanese).
7. Acorda JA, Yamada H, Ghamsari SM and Kameya T. 1993. Evaluation of dry-reagent
chemistry (Reflotron-System®) for analysis of blood samples in dairy cows. Journal of the
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran 47: 77-84 (English with Persian
summary).
8. Acorda JA, Yamada H and Ghamsari SM. 1994. Evaluation of fatty infiltration of the liver in
dairy cattle through digital analysis of hepatic ultrasonograms. Veterinary Radiology and
Ultrasound 35: 120-123.
9. Acorda JA, Yamada H and Ghamsari SM. 1994. Ultrasonographic features of diffuse
hepatocellular disorders in dairy cattle. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 35: 196-200.
10. Ghamsari SM, Yamada H, Acorda JA and Unno N. 1994. Evaluation of low-level laser therapy
on open wound healing of the teat in dairy cattle. Laser Therapy 6: 113-118.
11. Acorda JA, Yamada H and Ghamsari SM. 1994. Comparison between ultrasound findings and
digital analysis in the diagnosis of fatty infiltration of the liver in dairy cattle. Veterinary
Radiology and Ultrasound 35: 231.
12. Oda, Y, Acorda JA, Kameya T and Yamada H. 1994. Effect of low-level laser acupuncture on
subclinical mastitis and reproductive disorders in dairy cattle. Laser Therapy 6: 157-160.
13. Acorda JA, Yamada H and Ghamsari SM. 1994. Ultrasonography of fatty infiltration of the liver
in dairy cattle using liver-kidney contrast. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 35: 400-404.
14. Acorda JA, Yamada H and Ghamsari SM. 1995. Comparative evaluation of fatty infiltration of
the liver in dairy cattle by using biochemical analysis, ultrasonography and digital analysis.
Veterinary Quarterly 17: 12-14.
15. Kameya T, Ide S, Acorda JA, Yamada H, Taguchi K and Abe N. 1995. Effect of different
wavelengths of low-level laser therapy on wound healing in mice. Laser Therapy 7: 33-37.
16. Ghamsari SM, Yamada H, Acorda JA, Taguchi K and Abe N. 1995. Histopathological effects of
low level laser therapy on secondary healing of teat wounds in dairy cattle. Laser Therapy 7:
81-87.
17. Acorda JA, Yamada H and Ghamsari SM. 1995. Comparative evaluation of hydropic
degeneration of the liver in dairy cattle through biochemistry, ultrasonography and digital
analysis. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 36: 322-326.
18. Ghamsari SM, Taguchi K, Abe N, Acorda JA, Sato M and Yamada H. 1995. Effect of different
suture patterns on wound healing of the teat in dairy cattle. Journal of Veterinary Medical
Science 57: 819-824.
19. Ghamsari SM, Acorda JA, Agungpriyono S, Abe N and Yamada H. 1995. Histomorphological
study on the teat vasculature in dairy cattle. Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 32 (1):
24-32.
20. Abe N, Acorda JA, Yamada H, Ono K and Suzuki N. 1995. Relationship between abomasal
ulcer and various disorders in dairy cattle. Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 32 (1):
33-37.
21. Kameya T, Acorda JA, Yamada H and Ghamsari SM. 1995. Physical characteristics and
Page 13 of 5
chemical composition of normal, eroded and ulcerated soles in dairy cattle. Philippine Journal
of Veterinary Medicine 32 (1): 38-44.
22. Acorda JA. 1995. Applications of diagnostic ultrasound in cattle. Philippine Journal of
Veterinary Medicine. 32 (2): 87-95.
23. Tsukiyama K, Acorda JA and Yamada H. 1996. Evaluation of superficial digital flexor tendinitis
in racing horses through digital analysis of tendon ultrasonograms. Veterinary Radiology and
Ultrasound 37: 46-50.
24. Ghamsari SM, Taguchi K, Abe N, Acorda JA and Yamada H. 1996. Histopathological effects of
low level laser therapy on sutured wounds of the teat in dairy cattle. Veterinary Quarterly 18:
17-21.
25. Ghamsari SM, Acorda JA, Taguchi K, Abe N and Yamada H. 1996. Evaluation of wound
healing of the teat with and without low level laser therapy in dairy cattle by laser Doppler
flowmetry in comparison with histopathology, tensiometry and hydroxyproline analysis. British
Veterinary Journal 152: 583-592.
26. Acorda JA, Ghamsari SM, Abe N, Taguchi K and Yamada H. 1996. Accuracy of blood and
serum analysis in the diagnosis of diffuse hepatocellular disorders in dairy cattle. Philippine
Journal of Veterinary Medicine 33 (1): 1-7
27. Castillo MACR and Acorda JA. 1996. Surgical reconstruction of a third degree perineal
laceration in a Thoroughbred mare using the modified Goetze method. Philippine Journal of
Veterinary Medicine 33 (1): 23-27.
28. Acorda JA, Reyes-Sy CM and Valdez CA. 1996. Area distribution of analgesia induced by
conventional needle acupuncture in sheep. Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 33 (2):
46-58.
29. Acorda JA, Fragata JP and Valdez CA. 1997. Pain, physiological and leukocyte responses of
sheep under xylazine-ketamine anesthesia and conventional needle acupuncture analgesia.
Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 34 (1): 32-40.
30. Ghamsari SM, Taguchi K, Abe N, Acorda JA, Sato M and Yamada H. 1997. Evaluation of low
level laser therapy on primary healing of experimentally induced full thickness teat wounds in
dairy cattle. Veterinary Surgery 26 (2): 114-120.
31. Acorda JA. 1997. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of hepatic diseases in animals. Philippine
Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 34 (2): 68-75.
32. Acorda JA, Alejandro FR and Valdez CA. 1998. Comparison of analgesic effects of
conventional needle acupuncture, hypodermic needle acupuncture, pneumoacupuncture and
aquapuncture in sheep. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 24 (1): 29-36.
33. Valdez CA, Templonuevo VT, Acorda JA, Malaca NV and Nazareno JB. 1998. Correlation
between bodyweight and body measurements in captive-bred Philippine cynomolgus
monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 35 (1): 1-7.
34. Valdez CA, Curaming PV, Acorda JA, Malaca NV and Nazareno JB. 1998. Serum biochemical
profile of captive Philippine cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). I. Reference values
for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose, total protein and blood
urea nitrogen. Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 35 (1): 8-14.
35. Acorda JA. 1998. Application of non-conventional acupuncture in sheep, cattle and water
buffaloes. Philippine Technology Journal 23 (2): 77-86.
36. Acorda JA, Pe RS, Valdez CA and Sarabia AS. 1999. Effect of hypodermic needle
acupuncture on the reproductive activity of postpartum anestrus water buffaloes (Bubalus
bubalis). Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 36 (1): 8-13.
37. Acorda JA, Celiz MGDA, Francisco AB and Rayos AA. 1999. Effects of aquapuncture using
vitamins ADE on the reproductive performance of dairy cattle. Philippine Journal of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences 25 (1): 9-15.
38. Valdez CA, Carbonell ER, Acorda JA, Malaca N and Nazareno JB. 1999. Serum biochemical
profile of captive Philippine cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). I. Reference values
for calcium, cholesterol, chloride, potassium and sodium. Philippine Journal of Veterinary
Page 14 of 5
Medicine. 36 (1): 44-49.
39. Acorda JA. 1999. Current applications and future possibilities of conventional and nonconventional acupuncture in pigs. Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 36 (2): 77-82.
40. Acorda JA. 1999. Application of acupuncture analgesia in sheep. Philippine Agricultural
Scientist 82: 386-409.
41. Mateo CJD, Ruiz NMJD and Acorda JA. 2000. Reproduction and production performances of
pigs supplemented with peptidoglycan and tetrahydrofolic acid. Philippine Journal of
Veterinary Medicine 37 (1): 19-25.
42. Escandor IS Jr, Torres EB and Acorda JA. 2000. Surgical excision of sarcoid with
cryonecrosis under electroacupuncture analgesia in a Philippine native mare. Philippine
Journal of Veterinary Medicine 37 (1): 54-56.
43. Matias JM, Dalisay, BE, Acorda JA, Rayos AA and Supangco ES. 2000. Milk production,
butterfat content and bodyweight of lactating dairy cows fed with trace mineral supplement
with urea (TMS+U). Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 26 (1): 35-40.
44. Acorda JA and Ubaldo MR. 2000. Wound healing rate and blood cellular responses of
rumenotomized goats (Capra hircus Linn.) subjected to aquapuncture. Philippine Journal of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences 26 (2): 137-146.
45. Andales SA, Marte BRG, Baticados WN and Acorda JA. 2000. Clinico-pathological findings in
sarcoptes mite-infested dogs treated with gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium). Philippine Journal of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences 26 (2): 153-168.
46. Ebite CG, Marte BRG, Valdez CA, Flor JACG and Acorda JA. 2000. Effect of cryopreservation
using tris-yolk-glycerol extender on semen characteristics of Philippine native dogs (Canis
familiaris). Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 37 (2): 92-98.
47. David OD, Marte BRG, Baticados WN and Acorda JA. 2000. Efficacy of gliricidia (Gliricidia
sepium) against generalized canine demodicosis. Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine
37 (2): 106-108.
48. Acorda JA and Macaraig RAC. 2000. Reproductive performance of sows subjected to
aquapuncture stimulation of acupoints Bai-Hui and Hou-Hai using vitamins. Philippine
Agricultural Scientist 83 (4): 386-389.
49. Uchida K, Murakami T, Sueyoshi M, Tsuda T, Inai K, Acorda JA, Yamaguchi R and Tateyama
S. 2000. Detection of Akabane viral antigens in spontaneous lymphohistiocytic
encephalomyelitis in cattle. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12: 518-524.
50. Soquila SS, Acorda JA, Flor JACG, Bisa EAH, Amido GS and Arenda BR. 2001. Comparative
evaluation of electroacupuncture analgesia and local anesthesia for castration using
vasocclusion method in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Philippine Journal of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences 27 (1): 34-41.
51. Secka A, Acorda JA and Rayos AA. 2001. Comparison between electroacupuncture and
aquapuncture using red pepper decoction in the treatment of postpartum anestrus in dairy
cattle. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 27 (2): 123-134.
52. Mateo CD, Concimino DMC and Acorda JA. 2001. Comparison between sorghum-based and
corn-based diets on the production performance of broilers. Philippine Journal of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences 27 (2): 161-171.
53. Mateo CD, Guillermo DM, Barcelona RM, Acorda JA and Abanto OD. 2002. Nutritive and
economic values of energy grain sources for growing-finishing pigs. The Philippine
Agricultural Scientist 85 (1): 47-56.
54. Mateo CD, Caraballe MF, Caraan CM and Acorda JA. 2002. Wheat and sorghum can
substitute for corn layer diets. The Philippine Agricultural Scientist 85 (4): 365-371.
55. Baldonado RPQ, Valdez CA, Acorda JA, Malaca NV and Nazareno JB. 2003. Correlation
between age and dentition in captive Philippine cynomolgus monkeys(Macaca fascicularis).
Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 40 (1): 10-18.
56. Labay MH, Mateo CD and Acorda JA. 2003. Comparative evaluation of oregano extract and
zinc bacitracin as growth enhancers for broilers. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal
Page 15 of 5
Sciences 29 (1): 44-52.
57. Tipa CO, Mateo CD and Acorda JA. 2003. Production performance of broilers fed diets with
yeast extract as partial or total replacement for fishmeal. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences 29 (2): 48-61.
58. Tipa CO, Mateo CD and Acorda JA. 2003. Yeast extract as partial replacement for fish meal in
broiler diets. The Philippine Agricultural Scientist 86 (3): 216-227.
59. Macabanti MT, Mateo CD and Acorda JA. 2004. Laying performance of Japanese quails
(Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed diets based on sorghum, wheat, corn and their combination.
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 30 (1): 19-28.
60. Acorda JA, Vergara MEM and Maligaya RL. 2005. Ultrasonographic examination of the
kidneys in Philippine native goats (Capra hircus). Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 42
(1): 9-15.
61. Acorda JA, Ong RAF and Maligaya RL. 2005. Ultrasonographic features of the heart in
Philippine native goats (Capra hircus). Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 42 (2): 66-74.
62. Acorda JA, Acebedo MC and Maligaya RL. 2006. Ultrasonographic features of the liver and
associated structures in Philippine native goats (Capra hircus). Philippine Journal of
Veterinary Medicine 43 (1): 1-7.
63. Gaño RO, Mateo CD, Acorda JA. 2006. Comparative evaluation of the growth performance of
Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix) fed with wheat, sorghum, and corn based diets. Philippine
Journal of Veterinary Medicine 43 (1): 26-32.
64. Cruz IRL and Acorda JA. 2006. Clinicopathologic evaluation of open wound healing in sheep
(Ovis aries L.) treated with guava (Psidium guajava L.) poultice with or without aquapuncture
using coconut water in comparison with antiobiotic-antiseptic. Philippine Journal of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences 32 (1): 53-70.
65. Acorda JA and Alejandro VB. 2007. Ultrasonographic features of the liver and associated
structures in female water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Philippine Journal of Veterinary
Medicine 44 (2): 85-90.
66. Acorda JA and Pilapil FMIR. 2008. B-mode and M-mode ultrasonograpy of the heart in female
buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 45
(1): 7-13.
67. De Ramos MS, Torres EB, Rayos AA, Acorda JA and Valdez CA. 2008. Ovarian changes from
days 20 to 90 of gestation observed through ultrasonography in locally raised HolsteinSahiwal dairy cows. Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 45 (2): 67-74.
68. Acorda JA, Paloma JC, Cariaso WE and Cabrera LA. 2009. Comparative ultrasound features
of the liver, kidneys and spleen in female sheep (Ovis aries) at different ages. Philippine
Journal of Veterinary Medicine 46 (1): 26-36.
69. Manigbas EP and Acorda JA. 2009. Comparative evaluation of three methods of acupuncture
combined with xylazine-ketamine-induced anesthesia in dogs subjected to
ovariohysterectomy. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 35 (1): 35-48.
70. Alejandro KJM, Mateo CD and Acorda JA. 2009. Effect of high quality corn distiller’s dried
grains with solubles on the production performance of layers. Philippine Journal of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences 35 (1): 59-68.
71. Acorda JA, Ancheta MN, Detera MAJ, Cabrera LA and Maligaya RL. 2009. Comparative
ultrasound features and echo histograms of the spleen in female goats (Capra hircus), sheep
(Ovis aries) and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences 35 (20: 135-146.
72. Acorda JA and Prestosa MP. 2010. M-mode ultrasonographic features of cardiac structures in
Philippine native horses. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 36 (1): 53-62.
73. De Ramos MS, Torres EB, Rayos AA, Acorda JA and Valdez CA. 2010. Uterine and
embryonic changes from days 20 to 90 of gestation observed through ultrasonography in
locally raised Holstein-Sahiwal dairy cows. Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 47 (1):
13-21.
Page 16 of 5
74. Acorda JA. 2010. Contrast ultrasonography of the liver and spleen in captive Bengal tigers
(Panthera tigris tigris). Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 36 (2): 185-194.
75. Acorda JA and Mergilla MCA. 2010. Renal ultrasound features and echo histograms in
captive Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris). Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 47 (2):
66-72.
76. Umali DV, Mateo CD and Acorda JA. 2010. Comparative evaluation of protein quality of US,
Owensboro and Argentine soybean meals using protein efficiency ratio in male broiler chicks.
Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 47 (2): 78-84.
77. Lorico LS, Acorda JA and Bernardo FAEM. 2011. Ultrasonographic imaging of the heart, liver,
gall bladder, spleen, proventriculus and ventriculus in laying chickens at different ages.
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 37 (1): 45-56.
78. Acorda JA and Alegre LS. 2011. Ultrasound features of abdominal organs in dogs with
abdominal distention. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 37 (1): 57-66.
79. Acorda JA and Ella ACS. 2011. Ultrasonic features of the kidneys and urinary bladder in dogs
with clinical signs of urinary disorders. Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 48 (1): 8-16.
80. Javadi T and Acorda JA. 2011. Ultrasound features and echo mean values of udder and teat
in cows with mastitis. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 37 (2): 167-176.
81. Aguisanda ST, Lastica EA and Acorda JA. 2011. Ultrasonographic features of the liver, gall
bladder and spleen of captive reticulated pythons (Python reticulatus). Philippine Journal of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences 37 (2): 177-186.
82. Enriquez KI, Lastica EA and Acorda JA. 2011. Ultrasonographic features of the reproductive
organs of captive Asian reticulated pythons (Python reticulatus (Schneider, 1801) (Reptilia:
Squamata: Pythonidae) Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 48 (2): 70-76.
83. Aguisanda ST, Lastica EA and Acorda JA. 2012. B-mode echocardiographic features,
measurements and echo mean values in captive reticulated pythons, Python reticulatus
(Schneider, 1801) (Reptilia: Squamata: Pythonidae). Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine
49 (1): 8-14.
84. Constante JL and Acorda JA. 2012. Ultrasound features of the spleen, liver and kidney of
Bulgarian Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis L.) at different stages of lactation. Philippine
Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 38 (1): 73-84.
85. Gonzales DD and Acorda JA. 2012. Ultrasonographic features of the ovarian follicles in
apparently healthy locally-raised breeding ostriches (Struthio camelus). Philippine Journal of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences 38 (2): 167-178.
86. Alvina LFR, Flores MLS and Acorda JA. 2012. Ultrasonogram patterns and echo mean values
of the liver and gall bladder in dogs with suspected hepatobiliary disorders. Philippine Journal
of Veterinary Medicine 49 (2): 67-75.
87. Constante JL and Acorda JA. 2012. Ultrasound features of the udder and teat of water
buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis L.) at different stages of lactation. Philippine Journal of Veterinary
Medicine 49 (2): 76-82.
88. Prades RB, Lastica EA and Acorda JA. 2013. Ultrasound features of the kidneys, urinary
bladder, ovarian follicles and vaginal sacs of female water monitor lizard (Varanus
marmoratus, Weigmann, 1834). Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 39 (1):
115-124.
89. Daga JD, Acorda JA and Rayos AA. 2013. Effects of conventional white needle acupuncture
and aquapuncture on mastitis and milk production in dairy cattle. Philippine Journal of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences 39 (1): 133-140.
90. Asilo AB, Constante JL and Acorda JA. 2013. Relationship of backfat thickness and ribeye
echogenicity to hepatic and splenic echogenicity in crossbred cattle (Bos indicus L.) and water
buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.). Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 39 (2): 219228.
91. Prades RB, Lastica EA and Acorda JA. 2013. Ultrasonography of the urogenital organs of
male water monitor lizard (Varanus marmoratus, Weigmann, 1834). Philippine Journal of
Page 17 of 5
Veterinary and Animal Sciences 39 (2): 247-258.
92. Bang-asan PE and Acorda JA. 2013. Ultrasonography of the kidneys in apparently healthy
ostriches (Struthio camelus) raised in captivity. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences 39 (2): 259-268.
93. Arcamo AML and Acorda JA. 2013. Ultrasonic imaging and sonographic digital analysis of the
kidneys and urinary bladder in the Philippine tarsier, Carlito syrichta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Shekelle and Groves, 2010 (Mammalia: Primates: Tarsiidae). Philippine Journal of Veterinary
Medicine 50 (2): 75-81.
94. Arcamo AML and Acorda JA. 2014. Ultrasound features and echo mean values of the heart,
liver and stomach in the Philippine tarsier, Carlito syrichta (Linnaeus, 1758) Shekelle and
Groves, 2010 (Mammalia: Primates: Tarsiidae). Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 51
(1): 15-22.
95. Obedencio JM and Acorda JA. 2014. Ultrasonographic features of the heart in Philippine
brown deer, Rusa marianna (Desmarest, 1822) (Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae). Philippine Journal
of Veterinary Medicine 51 (1): 23-29.
Membership in professional organizations
Philippine Veterinary Medical Association, Life Member
Philippine Society of Animal Science, Life Member
Japanese Society of Grassland Science
Hokkaido Society of Grassland Science
Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
Hokkaido Society of Veterinary Science
Japanese Society of Veterinary Acupuncture and Moxibustion
International Veterinary Radiology Association
American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Philippine Association of the Japanese Ministry of Education Scholars
Association of Japanese Scholars and Trainees in Los Baños
Outstanding Young Scientists, Inc.
Gamma Sigma Delta Honor Society of Agriculture
National Research Council of the Philippines
Royal Institute of Educators, Fellow Member
(21) Endorsement from the agency head
This is indicative of the support of the implementing agency to the research project in terms of use of
facilities and equipment, and assistance in undertaking the project.
(22) Bibliography
Acorda JA. 1999. Application of acupuncture analgesia in sheep. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 82: 386409.
Acorda JA and Ubaldo MR. 2000. Wound healing rate and blood cellular responses of rumenotomized
goats (Capra hircus Linn.) subjected to aquapuncture. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences 26 (2): 137-146.
Ashcroft G, Horan M and Ferguson M. 1997. The effects of ageing on wound healing: immunolocalisation
of growth factors and their receptors in a murine incisional model. J Anat 190: 351–365.
Bitar M. 2000. Insulin and glucocorticoid-dependent suppression of the IGF-I system in diabetic wounds.
Surgery 127: 687–695.
Bitar M and Labbad Z. 1996. Transforming growth factor-beta and insulin-like growth factor-I in relation to
Page 18 of 5
diabetes-induced impairment of wound healing. J Surg Res 61: 113–119.
Brown D, Kane C, Chernausek S and Greenhalgh D. 1997. Differential expression and localization of
insulin-like growth factors I and II in cutaneous wounds of diabetic and nondiabetic mice. Am J Pathol
151: 715–724.
Burska A., Roget K, Blits M, Gomez L, van de Loo F, Hazelwood L, Verweij C, Rowe A, Goulielmos G, van
Baarsen L and Ponche F. 2014. Gene expression analysis in RA: towards personalized medicine. The
Pharmacogenomics Journal 14: 93-106.
Coldren C, Hashim P, Ali J, Oh S, Sinskey A and Rha C. 2003. Gene expression changes in the human
fibroblast induced by Centella asiatica triterpenoids. Planta Med 69: 725-732.
Cruz IRL and Acorda JA. 2006. Clinicopathologic evaluation of open wound healing in sheep (Ovis aries
L.) treated with guava (Psidium guajava L.) poultice with or without aquapuncture using coconut water
in comparison with antiobiotic-antiseptic. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 32 (1):
53-70.
Ghamsari SM, Yamada H, Acorda JA and Unno N. 1994. Evaluation of low-level laser therapy on open
wound healing of the teat in dairy cattle. Laser Therapy 6: 113-118.
Ghamsari SM, Yamada H, Acorda JA, Taguchi K and Abe N. 1995. Histopathological effects of low
level laser therapy on secondary healing of teat wounds in dairy cattle. Laser Therapy 7: 81-87.
Ghamsari SM, Taguchi K, Abe N, Acorda JA, Sato M and Yamada H. 1995. Effect of different suture
patterns on wound healing of the teat in dairy cattle. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 57:
819-824.
Ghamsari SM, Taguchi K, Abe N, Acorda JA and Yamada H. 1996. Histopathological effects of low
level laser therapy on sutured wounds of the teat in dairy cattle. Veterinary Quarterly 18: 17-21.
Ghamsari SM, Taguchi K, Abe N, Acorda JA, Sato M and Yamada H. 1997. Evaluation of low level
laser therapy on primary healing of experimentally induced full thickness teat wounds in dairy
cattle. Veterinary Surgery 26 (2): 114-120.
Goldstein RS (ed.). 2008. Integrating Complementary Medicine into Veterinary Practice. Ames, Iowa:
Wiley-Blackwell.
Higuchi R, Fockler C, Dollinger G and Watson R. 1993. Kinetic PCR analysis: real-time monitoring of DNA
amplification reactions. Biotechnology 11:1026–1030.
Houreld N. 2014. Irradiation at 660nm modulates different genes central to wound healing in wounded and
diabetic wounded cell models. Proc. SPIE 8932, Mechanisms for Low-Light Therapy IX, 89320A.
Kaiser S, Schirmacher P, Philipp A, Protschka M, Moll I, Nicol K and Blessing M. 1998. Induction of bone
morphogenetic protein-6 in skin wounds. Delayed reepitheliazation and scar formation in BMP-6
overexpressing transgenic mice. J Invest Dermatol 111: 1145–1152.
Kameya T, Ide S, Acorda JA, Yamada H, Taguchi K and Abe N. 1995. Effect of different wavelengths of
low-level laser therapy on wound healing in mice. Laser Therapy 7: 33-37.
Lee JA, Jeong HJ, Park HJ, Jeon S and Hong SU. 2011. Acupuncture accelerates wound healing in burninjured mice. Burns 37(1):117-25.
Lindley S and Cummings M. 2006. Essentials of Western Veterinary Acupuncture. Oxford: Blackwell
Publishing.
Manigbas EP and Acorda JA. 2009. Comparative evaluation of three methods of acupuncture combined
with xylazine-ketamine-induced anesthesia in dogs subjected to ovariohysterectomy. Philippine
Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 35 (1): 35-48.
Naito Y, Tamai S, Shingu K, Shindo K, Matsui T, Segawa H, Nakai Y and Mori K. 1992. Responses of
Plasma Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Cortisol, and Cytokines during and after Upper Abdominal
Surgery. Anesthesiology: September 1992.
Niessen F, Andriessen M, Schalkwijk J, Visser L and Timens W. 2001. Keratinocyte-derived growth factors
play a role in the formation of hypertrophic scars. J Pathol 194: 207–216.
Ramey DW and Rollin BE. 2003. Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine Considered. Ames,
Iowa: Iowa State Press.
Schoen AM and Wynn SG. 1998. Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine: Principles and
Practice. St. Louis: Mosby.
Shah M, Revis D, Herrick S, Baillie R, Thorgeirson S, Ferguson M and Roberts A. 1999. Role of
Page 19 of 5
elevated plasma transforming growth factor-beta1 levels in wound healing. Am J Pathol 154:
1115–1124.
Werner S, Breeden M, Hubner G, Greenhalgh D and Longaker M. 1994. Induction of keratinocyte
growth factor expression is reduced and delayed during wound healing in the genetically diabetic
mouse. J Invest Dermatol 103: 469–473.
Werner S and Grose R. 2003. Regulation of wound healing by growth factors and cytokines. Physiol
Rev 83: 835-870.
Wynn SG and Fougere BJ (eds.). 2007. Veterinary Herbal Medicine. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier.
(23) Line Item Budget (LIB)
Particulars
Sources of Funds and Amount (PhP)
PCHRD
Agency
Other Sources
Assistance
Counterpart
I. Personal Services (PS)
a. Salaries
b. Honoraria
Sub-total for PS
II. Maintenance and Other
Operating Expenses (MOOE)
a. Traveling expenses
b. Supplies and materials expenses
Sub-total for MOOE
III. Capital Outlay
Sub-total for Capital Outlay
Grand Total
Page 20 of 5