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RUNNING HEAD: [shortened version of document title]
Title of Assignment
[insert name]
MA in Leadership Program
Trinity Western University
May 3, 2013
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Level One Heading
APA 6 prefers the entire document be set to use 12 point Times New Roman, with the
paragraph settings set to 0 point before, 0 point after, and double spaced. A sans serif font is
permitted in tables and figures for clarity. Also, APA 6 prefers the use of two spaces after the
terminal punctuation in a sentence for draft. For program purposes, whether you use one or two
spaces after terminal punctuation is up to you, so long as you are consistent.
The first sentences in a paper are assumed to be introductory. Therefore, APA 6 does not
allow for a heading that labels the introductory section as the introduction. Levels of heading are
hierarchical, and headings at the same level should be equal in importance to each other.
Further, never introduce just one sub-section—if you do not have at least two subsections, do not
have a subsection. For example, if under a Level 2 heading you wish to introduce a Level 3
heading, you must have at least two Level 3 headings. Stylistically, you would usually have at
least two sentences of text between levels of headings, including between Level One and Level
Two.
Finally, if you want to restate the title of the paper, this will not appear as a Level 1
heading. Rather, it appears centered, regular font (not boldfaced). Underneath that subsequent
headings would begin with a Level 1 heading as above.
Level Two Heading
The text of the document must be indented ½ inch to begin each new paragraph, double
spaced with 0 points before and 0 points after each line. This example shows three levels of
headings, identified as you see here. Details regarding levels of headings are found in sections
3.02 and 3.02 on pages 62 and 63 of the APA 6 manual. Be aware that headings in a paper are
not numbered or lettered.
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One space is inserted after you use a comma, colon or semicolon. Also, use one space
after a period that separates parts of a reference citation and after the periods of the initials in
personal names. Always use two spaces after the period or other end mark ending a sentence.
Refer to sections 4.01 through 4.11 in the APA 6 manual for complete details.
Level three heading. Levels one through three headings are boldfaced. Level four is
boldfaced, while Level five is not boldfaced, but is italicized. Be sure to indent the level three,
level four and level five headings ½ inch, consistent with the indentations for the first line in
each paragraph. Also, be sure to note that the level three heading has the first word capitalized,
and subsequent words are lower case unless they are proper nouns. The level three heading and
thereafter ends in a period.
Level three heading and beyond addendum. Notice that with level heading three
through five the text of the paragraph begins on the same line as the heading. See page 62 in
APA 6 for details regarding the other format features for levels four and five.
In-Text Reference Citations
All direct quotations and paraphrasing of an author must include a reference citation. If
the quotation fewer than forty words, incorporate the quotation within your text. If the quotation
is forty words or longer, set the quotation off as an indented block quotation.
Following are some examples of how to smoothly integrate reference citations you’re
your writing. Please refer to sections 6.03 through 6.06 in the APA 6 manual for complete
details. Transformative learning theory describes a learning process of "becoming critically
aware of one's own tacit assumptions and expectations and those of others and assessing their
relevance for making an interpretation" (Mezirow, 2000, p. 4). Mezirow’s theory has an
emphasis on rationality. A contrasting view of transformative learning is based primarily on the
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work of Robert Boyd (Boyd and Myers, 1988), who has developed a theory of transformative
education based on analytical (or depth) psychology.
Charts and Tables
Charts and tables are discussed extensively in Chapter Five of your APA manual. The
general format for a table and a figure is found on pages 52 and 53 in your APA manual. Notice
that the label for a table is at the top, while the label for a figure is underneath. Notice how
normal font and italics are used respectively. Following is an example of each.
Table 1
Internet Search Results
Notice that use of normal and italicized type in the example above, as well as the lack of
a period. Compare this to the chart label below, where you see that the label is italicized and
ends with a period.
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2011 Sales
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
Figure 1. Sales by quarter for 2011.
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References
[The references section is marked by a Level One heading, beginning on a new page. The
easiest way to accomplish this is to insert a page break. Notice that the references section
is still double spaced, 0 point before and 0 point after, and that the normal ½ inch
paragraph indent in the main body of text is reversed. Also, remember that in the
reference section, periods that separate elements in the reference are followed by only
one space. Following are some examples of reference citations of various kinds of
sources.]
Boyd, R., & Myers, J. (1988). Transformative education. International Journal of Lifelong
Education, 7(4), 261 - 284.
Brock, S. E. (2010). Measuring the importance of precursor steps to transformative learning.
Adult Education Quarterly: A Journal of Research and Theory, 60(2), 122-142. Retrieved
from EBSCOhost.
Cranton, P. (1994). Understanding and promoting transformative learning: A guide for
educators of adults. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Jones, D. (2011). Book Review: Hoggan, C., Simpson, S., & Stuckey, H. (Eds.). (2009). Creative
expression in transformative learning: Tools and techniques for educators of adults. Adult
Education Quarterly, 61(2), 199-201.
Larsen, D., Edey, W., & LeMay, L. M. (2005). Put hope to work: a commentary. Journal of
Advanced Nursing, 52(5), 515-517. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03614.x
Shipman, S. (2005). Program evaluation: Improving performance and accountability. Public
Manager, 34(3), 53-56. Retrieved from
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0HTO/is_3_34/ai_n25120963/
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Appendix A
Each appendix is labeled with a Level One heading, and begins on a new page. If you use
section breaks, you can insert figures or tables with landscape orientation rather than portrait, if
that would suit your purposes.
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Appendix B
Additional Writing Guidelines
Subject Lines and Headings for Papers
Formal papers should have a title page following the TWU standard as well as a running
head and numbered pages. Refer to this document for a model.
Confidentiality
Written work will be held in strict confidence by your instructor. If you are writing about
something of a sensitive nature, you are encouraged to use pseudonyms.
Scholarly Insight and Higher Order Thinking
Your papers should include your own thoughtful analysis of the topic and contribute to a
substantive understanding of the subject. Papers should relate to the topic at hand. You should
develop them around an analytical framework that most effectively communicates your ideas.
Use higher order thinking skills and critical analysis to write your papers. Your papers should
reflect your original ideas and creativity.
Theories and Ideas
All course work in MA Lead / MAEL courses needs to be evidence based. Key concepts
from the texts and course readings should be used to provide a solid evidence base. Learners are
expected to apply these theories and ideas.
Leadership Application
All course work in MA Lead/MAEL courses should reflect the curriculum themes of

Transformational Servant Leadership

Values Based leadership

Leadership Competency Framework
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All course work in MA Lead/MAEL courses should integrate our leadership focus on

People

Integrity

Results and

Innovation
Language, Grammar, and Editing
In your writing, use simple, straightforward language. Avoid using jargon or a complex
sentence structure that detracts from the intent of your message. Please ensure that spelling and
grammar is correct. Before submitting a paper, edit it yourself and if necessary, ask a proofreader
to review it as well. Rewrite problematic sections.
Structure and Presentation
The structure and organization of your papers should mirror the practices of other
scholarly works in your field of study. When referencing sources, use the style outlined in the
APA 6 style guide. APA 6 is the official style guide for the MA in Leadership and MA in
Educational Leadership programs.
Academic Integrity and Avoiding Plagiarism at TWU
As scholars pursuing higher education, academic integrity is a core value of the entire
TWU community. Students are invited into this scholarly culture and required to abide by the
principles of sound academic scholarship at TWU. This includes, but is not limited to, avoiding
all forms of plagiarism and cheating in scholarly work. TWU has a strict policy on plagiarism,
and maintains subscriptions to Turnitin.
Learning what constitutes plagiarism and avoiding it is the student's responsibility. An
excellent resource describing plagiarism and how to avoid it has been prepared by TWU librarian
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William Badke and is freely available for download (PPT file) or used as flash (self running)
tutorials from:
http://www.acts.twu.ca/lbr/plagiarism.ppt
http://www.acts.twu.ca/lbr/Plagiarism.swf (14 minute flash tutorial)
http://www.acts.twu.ca/lbr/Plagiarism_Short.swf (8 minute flash tutorial)
All our MA Lead program staff and faculty are required to abide by the Canadian
copyright guidelines.
(http://www.caut.ca/uploads/Copyright_guidelines.pdf
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