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How do waves shape our coastline?
Complete the key words table below by putting the correct number next to the statement:
N° Key word
N° Definition
I know it

1
Fetch
The forward movement of a wave
2
Beach
3
Crest
A wave that has a weak swash and a strong
backwash.
The backward movement of a wave
4
Swash
The deposit of sand or shingle at the coast.
5
Backwash
The distance of open water a wave has
travelled
6
Constructive wave
The top of the wave.
7
Destructive waves
A wave that had a strong swash and a weak
backwash
How do waves form?
Draw a diagram of waves approaching the coast and explain why they break.
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There are 2 types of waves that change our coastline:
Constructive
Destructive
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Land processes that shape our coastline
N°
Key word
1
Biological weathering
2
Physical weathering
3
4
Chemical weathering
Cliff
5
Rockfall
6
7
Landslide
Mudflow
8
Rotational slip
N° Definition
This is the action of plant roots and
burrowing animals weakening the rock
A steep or vertical face of rock found at the
coast
Blocks of rock slide downhill
Breaking up of rocks without any chemical
changes Eg. Freeze-thaw
Slump of saturated soil and weak rock along
a curved surface.
The collapse of a cliff as individual rocks
Slightly acidic rainwater causes certain rock
types to dissolve and become weak
Saturated (wet) soil and weakened rock flow
down the slope
What is weathering?
What is mass movement?
Draw the 4 types of mass movement that happen on the coastline.
Rockfall
Landslide
Mudflow
Rotational slip
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I know it
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Marine Processes that shape our coastlines
N°
Key word
1
Hydraulic Power
2
Abrasion
3
4
Attrition
Solution (erosion)
5
Suspension
6
Traction
7
Saltation
8
Solution (transportation)
9
Deposition
10
Longshore Drift
N° Definition
The sandpapering effect of sediment on a
rock face.
Limestone and chalk (for example) being
dissolved by the acid in the sea water.
Particles carried within the water.
Large pebbles that are rolled along the sea
bed.
The sheer power of waves hitting the
coastline.
Sediment that can no longer be carried is
left along the coastline.
Rock fragments knocking into each other
causing them to become smaller and
rounder.
The transport of sediment along a stretch of
coast when waves approach the beach at
an angle.
A ‘hopping’ or ‘bouncing’ motion or
particles too heavy to be suspended.
Dissolved chemicals moving in the water.
In the space below draw the four types of transportation
Draw a diagram to show Longshore Drift
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I know it
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Erosional Landforms:
N°
Key word
1
Wave cut platform
2
Wave cut notch
3
Cave
4
Arch
5
Stack
6
Stump
7
8
Headland
Bay
N° Definition
A small indentation cut into a cliff by coastal
erosion at the level of high tide.
A headland that has been partly broken
through by the sea.
A stack that has been eroded and is now
smaller and shorter.
A wide gently sloping rocky surface at the
foot of a cliff
A point of usually high land jutting out into
the sea.
A hollowed out feature at the base of an
eroding cliff
A broad coastal inlet often with a beach
An isolated pinnacle of rock sticking out of
the sea.
Headlands and Bays
Wavecut Platforms
Headland Formation
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I know it
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CASE STUDY: (Coastal erosion) Holderness Coast
General Information about the area
Causes of erosion in the area
Social Effects
Environmental Effects
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Depositional Landforms:
N°
Key word
N° Definition
I know it

1
Spit
A spit that has grown across a bay.
2
Salt marsh
3
Bar
A finger of new land made of sand or shingle
jutting out into the sea.
Low-lying coastal wetland mostly extending
between low and high tide.
Beaches
Spits
Example Information:
Hurst Castle, Hampshire
Bars
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How will rising sea levels affect the coastal zone?
Cause of coastal flooding
CASE STUDY: (Coastal Flooding) East Anglia
Economic / social / environmental / political effects.
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A/A* Remember:
Place Specific Detail
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How can coastlines be managed?
Shoreline Management Plans are:
Hard Engineering is
Name
Description
Cost
Advantages
Disadvantages
Description
Cost
Advantages
Disadvantages
Sea Wall
Groynes
Rock Armour
Soft Engineering is
Name
Beach nourishment
Dune regeneration
Marsh creation
Managed Retreat
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CASE STUDY: (Coastal Defence) - Holderness
A/A* Remember:
Place Specific Detail
Strategies put in place at Holderness
Successes
Problems
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What are Salt Marshes and why are they special?
N°
Key word
1
Pioneer Plant
2
Sediment
3
Vegetation succession
N° Definition
A sequence of vegetation species colonising
an environment
The first plant species to colonise an area
that is well adapted to living in a harsh
environment.
Loose rock that has been eroded before
being transportation and deposition.
Formation of Saltmarshes
Salt Marsh Vegetation Succession
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I know it
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CASESTUDY: (Coastal Habitat) Studland Bay
A/A* Remember:
Place Specific Detail
General information about the area
Species in the area
Human conflict
Why they are found there
What is being done?
Is it sustainable? Why?
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Notes
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