NOUN
O person, place, thing, idea
O Common Nouns – begin with lower case letters
Ex: That’s my dog
O Proper Nouns – proper names for things - begin with capital
letters. Ex: My dog’s name is Coleman.
O Possessive Nouns – show ownership
Ex: That’s Coleman’s doghouse
O Abstract Nouns – things/ideas that you can’t necessarily
see or touch If it ends in –ion or –ness, it’s a noun!
Ex: Coleman made the decision to stay in his doghouse.
Ex: Coleman shows his happiness by wagging his tail.
If it ends in –ion or –ness, it’s a noun!
Directions: Write your own sentences, using at least one
common noun, one proper noun, one possessive noun, and one
abstract noun. Underline all nouns.
ADJECTIVE
O Modifies (describes) nouns (Fifi has a large bone.)
and pronouns (They are curious)
O Tells Which one? How many? What kind?
O Includes numbers, colors, sizes, shapes
O Includes the articles: a, an, the
Directions: Write two sentences, underlining the adjectives.
INTERJECTION
O Words used to express an emotion, a protest, a command,
or a greeting.
O Can stand either by themselves or as part of a sentence
O Mild interjections are usually separated from the rest of the
sentence by a coma, but stronger ones may be followed by
an exclamation mark. Examples:
Wow! That’s a big pumpkin!
You have homework tonight, and yes, you have to do it.
O Other examples: Hello, Um, Haha
Directions: Write 2 sentences using interjections not seen here.
Underline the interjections.
ADVERB
O Modifies (describes):
-Verbs (She sat quietly),
-Adjectives (That sweater is really cute),
-Other adverbs (We finished our homework very quickly).
O Tells How? When? Where? To what extent?
O Usually ends in -ly
O The word Not is always an adverb
Directions: Write 2 sentences using adverbs in two different
ways (either modifying a verb, adjective, OR other adverb).
Underline the adverbs.
-
PREPOSITION
O Prepositions show a relationship (usually
direction or time) between a noun or pronoun
and some other word in the sentence.
Some Examples: Across, Before, Between,
During, Except, Instead of
O Prepositional Phrase: Starts with a preposition
and ends with a noun or pronoun. All
prepositions are part of a prepositional phrase.
Examples:
in my car - after school - since last year
O Object of Preposition: The noun/pronoun in a
prep. phrase.
Examples:
in my car - after school - since last year
Directions: Write 2 sentences using prepositions.
Put parentheses around the prepositional
phrases, and underline the objects of the
prepositions. > Example: We rode (in my car).
CONJUNCTION
O A Conjunction joins (or connects) words,
phrases, & clauses
O 3 TYPES:
1. Coordinating – FANBOYS for, and, nor, but, or,
yet, so
2. Subordinating – start dependent clauses
(must be followed by a subject and verb)
after, since, before, while, because, although,
so that, if, when, whenever, as, even though,
until, unless, etc.
3.Correlative – Come in pairs… (both/and)
(not only/but also), (neither/nor), (either/or),
Example: I like neither spinach nor broccoli.
Directions: Write 3 sentences, each using one
of the three types of conjunctions. Underline
the conjunction(s) in each sentence.
VERB
O Shows action or expresses state of being
O Action – shows action: Bob wrote a note.
O Linking – links two words or ideas. Renames
or describes the subject with a word in the
predicate. She is my sister. She is pretty.
> All the “to be” verbs (is, be, am, are, was, were,
been, being) plus any verb that can take the place
of a “to be” verb (appear, become, feel, grow, look,
remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste). She = nice…
She is nice. She looks nice. She seems nice.
> But watch out! Some linking verbs are
sometimes action verbs! Example:
The bone tastes wonderful. (bone = wonderful)
The dog tastes the bone. (dog ≠ bone)
O Helping – “helps” another verb.
> Includes all the “to be” verbs plus… will, would,
can, could, shall, should, may, might, must, have, has,
had, do, does, did, ought
- A helping verb is ALWAYS followed by
another verb (either action or linking)
Spot has been digging for bones all day. digging=action
Spot will be warm and cozy in his new bed. be=linking
PRONOUN
O Takes the place of a noun
O Watch out! Some pronouns can be adjectives!
O Antecedent = the noun it takes the place of
- Example:
Ask Kelly if Kelly got Kelly’s hair cut. =>
Ask Kelly if she got her hair cut
O TYPES: (space these out in your flip-book for
more notes later…)
1. Personal
2. Reflexive
3. Relative
4. Interrogative
5. Demonstrative
6. Indefinite