CHAPTER 29 Innovation and Continuity
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. NEA stands for
a. National Esthetic Association.
b. National Endowment of Aesthetics.
c. National Endowment for the Arts.
d. National Efforts for Artists.
Answer: c
2. In what city was a museum indicted for exhibiting Mapplethorpe’s photographs?
a. Cleveland
b. Cincinnati
c. Chicago
d. Washington, D.C.
e. Philadelphia
Answer: b
3. Which is LEAST true of Chuck Close’s work?
a. He relies on photography.
b. His main subject is portraiture.
c. His favorite paint is acrylic.
d. His most usual viewpoint is the close-up.
Answer: c
4. Gilbert & George described themselves as
a. performance artists.
b. impresarios.
c. video artists.
d. living sculptures.
Answer: d
5. Which of the following is NOT an appropriate match?
a. Chicago’s The Dinner Party – Tintoretto’s Last Supper
b. Close’s 1997 Self-Portrait – Mosaic tessera
c. Smithson’s Spiral Jetty – Minimalism and Abstract Expressionism
d. Estes’ Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum – the Robie House
Answer: d
6. Which of the following correctly matches artist(s) with work?
a. the Christos – Wrapped Reichstag
c. Frank Gehry – the Whitney Museum
d. Buckminster Fuller – Lloyd’s Building
e. I.M. Pei – Geodesic domes
Answer: a
7. Which structure is NOT correctly matched with its location?
a. the Whitney Museum – New York City
b. Piazza d’Italia – New Orleans
c. Lloyd’s Building – London
d. Glass pyramid – Cairo
e. the Frederick R. Wiseman Museum – Minneapolis
Answer: d
8. Who was a graduate of the Bauhaus?
a. Fuller
b. Breuer
c. Pei
d. Rothenberg
e. Nauman
Answer: b
9. What is a fullerene?
a. a building by Fuller
b. a unit of a geodesic dome
c. a Dymaxion
d. a molecule
e. an atom
Answer: d
10. The large central space around which the new Lloyd’s building was wrapped is the
a. atrium.
b. courtyard.
c. narthex.
d. nave.
Answer: a
11. Who of the following is NOT an environmental artist?
a. Smithson
b. Holt
c. the Christos
d. Smith
Answer: d
12. Which of the following correctly matches an example of environmental art with its location.
a. Spiral Jetty – Oregon
b. Blue Umbrellas – California
c. Long Division – New York City
d. Stone Enclosure: Rock Rings – Washington, D.C.
Answer: c
13. Which is LEAST true of the Christos?
a. They are Conceptual artists.
b. They recycle their materials.
c. They accept no financial patronage.
d. They raise money by selling drawings, collages and models.
Answer: a
14. Which is NOT a reference in the iconography of The Dinner Party?
a. Hatshepsut
b. Virginia Woolf
c. The Last Supper
d. Stieglitz
e. O’Keeffe
Answer: d
15. Which of the following is an appropriate match of artist and artistic category?
a. Smith – Body Art
b. Basquiat – landscape
c. Kiefer – Feminism
d. Paik – environmental art
Answer: a
16. Nauman prefers Man Ray to Duchamp because
a. Man Ray is a greater artist.
b. Man Ray is more unreasonable.
c. Man Ray is more original.
d. Man Ray is more Classical.
e. Man Ray is a photographer.
Answer: b
17. Sherman’s self-portrait as the figure in La Fornarina differs from La Fornarina in being
a. more accurate because it is a photograph.
b. more idealized.
c. satirical.
d. anti-women.
Answer: c
18. The artist who developed a philosophy of cybernetics is
a. Christo.
b. Nauman.
c. Lin.
d. Paik.
e. Kiefer.
Answer: d
19. Whose artistic work was sometimes dismissed as kitsch?
a. Mapplethorpe
b. Paik
c. Koons
d. Sherman
e. Fuller
Answer: c
20. The artist whose imagery suggests graffiti is
a. Sherman.
b. Basquiat.
c. Kiefer.
d. Rothenberg.
e. Jaudon.
Answer: b
Key Works
Robert Mapplethorpe, Self-Portrait, 1980
Gilbert & George, Singing Sculptures, 1969
Laurie Anderson, Nerve Bible Tour, 1995
Chuck Close, Self-Portrait, 1968
Chuck Close, Self-Portrait, 1997
Richard Estes, Williamsburg Bridge, 1987
Duane Hanson, The Cowboy, 1995
Ron Mueck, Mask II, 2001
Constantin Brancusi, Sleeping Muse I, 1909–1910
Richard Estes, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 1979
Jenny Holzer, Untitled (selections from Truisms, Inflammatory Essays, The Living Series, The
Survival Series, Under Rock, Laments, and Mother and Child Text), Solomon R.
Guggenheim Museum, New York, 1989–1990
Mathew Barney, Cremaster 4: The Loughton Candidate, 1994
Marcel Breuer, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, 1966
R. Buckminster Fuller, American Pavilion, Expo ‘67, Montreal, 1967
Charles W. Moore and William Hersey, Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans, 1978–1979
Michael Graves, Public Services Building, Portland, Oregon, 1980–1982
I. M. Pei, Louvre Pyramid, Paris, 1988
Richard Rogers, Lloyd’s Building, London, 1986
Frank O. Gehry, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain, 1993–1997
Frank O. Gehry, Frederick R. Weisman Museum, Minneapolis, Minnesota, finished 1990
Computer-generated Catia image used for the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
Interior gallery, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
Zaha Hadid, IBA housing complex, Stressemannstrasse 109, Berlin, Germany, 1994
Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1970
Nancy Holt, Stone Enclosure: Rock Rings, Western Washington University, 1977–1978
Andy Goldsworthy, Icicles / thick ends dipped in snow then water / held until frozen to the work
/ occasionally using forked sticks as support until stuck / a tense moment when taking them
away / breathing on the stick first to release it / sun catching the work for a dangerous half
hour / but always intensely cold, 1987
Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Wrapped Reichstag, Berlin, 1971–1995
Christo and Jeanne-Claude, The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City, 2003
Christo and Jeanne-Claude, The Gates, Central Park, New York City, 1979–2005
Valerie Jaudon, Long Division, 23rd Street Station, IRT Subway Line, New York, 1988
Jean-Michel Basquiat, CARBON/OXYGEN, 1984
Andres Serrano, Nomads (Sir Leonard), 1990
Judy Chicago, The Dinner Party, 1974–1979
Kiki Smith, Mary Magdalene (front and rear views), 1994
Elizabeth Murray, The Lowdown, 2001
Maya Ying Lin, The Women’s Table, Yale University, 1993
Bob Thompson, Crucifixion, 1964–1964
Romare Bearden, J Mood, c. 1985
Kara Walker, detail of Slavery! Salvery!, 2002
Yasumasa Morimura, Self-Portrait (Actress) / White Marilyn, 1996
Bruce Nauman, Self-Portrait as a Fountain, 1966–1970
Anselm Kiefer, To the Unknown Painter, 1983
Maya Ying Lin, Vietnam Veterans Memorial, the Mall, Washington, D.C., 1981–1983
Jeff Koons, New Hoover, Convertibles, Green, Blue; New Hoover Convertibles, Green, Blue;
Double-Decker, 1981–1987
Nancy Graves, Morphose, 1986
Mark Tansey, Action Painting II, 1984
Cindy Sherman, Untitled, 1989
Raphael, La Fornarina, c. 1518
Nam June Paik, TV Buddha, 1974
Nam June Paik, Hamlet Robot, 1996
Bill Viola, The Crossing, fire still, 1996
Bill Viola, The Crossing, water still, 1996
Shirin Neshat, Fervor, 2000
Maps, Diagrams, and Projections
Schematic section of Lloyd’s Building
Frank O. Gehry, plan of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, finished 1997
Key Terms
geodesic dome