Earth Science – Final Exam Study Guide
Semester #2: Rock cycle, Weather and the Atmosphere, Climate, Oceans
What you should bring for the final exam.
1) #2 pencil
2) Study guide
3) Binder and other materials to study
What you should have on the study guide.
Topics Covered
Items to review
Rock Cycle
-Steps of the rock cycle
-How each rock forms from the others.
Chapter 5
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Weather and the Atmosphere
Chapter 26
Composition and Structure of the atmosphere
Heating of the atmosphere
How and whey the temperature varies
Measuring air temperature
Evaporation, Condensation, and
Precipitation
Chapter 27
Evaporation and Humidity
Forms of Condensation
Clouds
Precipitation
Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
Chapter 28
Air Pressure
Winds
Origin of the World Wind Belts
Winds and Wind Shifts
-Layers of the atmosphere
-What factor divides the layers
-Wind scales
-Where is the ozone
-Layer with weather, meteors, planes
-Most abundant gas in the troposphere
- Greenhouse effect
-Heat can be transferred within the atmosphere in 3 different ways.
-Temperature inversions
-Isotherms
-Celsius and Fahrenheit
-Phases of the water cycle (water in all different forms)
-Specific Humidity
-Relative Humidity
-Sources of water vapor in the air
-Dew point
-3 things needed for clouds to form
-Instrument to measure precipitation
-When the atmosphere has all the water it can hold
-Types of clouds and locations
-Windward vs. Leeward
-Instrument to measure air pressure
-Air pressure demos, egg into the bottle
-What’s happening at high and low pressure systems
-Local winds
-Coriolis effect
-Global wind cells. (Trades, Westerlies, Easterlies)
-Monsoons
Air Masses and Fronts
Chapter 29
-Types of air masses. mT, cT, etc.
-Types of fronts and why they form.
-Weather associated with different fronts.
Air Masses
Fronts and the Formation of Lows
Weather Associated with Lows, Fronts & Highs
Storms and Weather
Chapter 30
Thunderstorms
Tornadoes
Forecasting Weather
Climate and Climate Change
-Two types of thunderstorms
-How thunderstorms form
-Electricity of lightning
-Development of a tornado
-Development and naming of hurricanes
-Weather station model.
Chapter 31
-Factors that effect climate (6) and how they alter a climate.
-Two types of climate control (Temperature, Precipitation)
-Global warming factors
Properties of Ocean Water
-How to measure Salinity
Climate and Climate Controls
Factors that Control Temperature
Factors that Control Rainfall
Climate Change
Chapter 17
Earth- The Water Planet
The Salinity of Sea Water
The Temperature of Ocean Water
Life in the Sea
The Ocean Floor and its Sediments
Chapter 18
-Continental margin.
-Features of the ocean floor
-Ocean floor boundaries
Studying the Ocean Floor
The Continental Margins
The Ocean Basins
Ocean Floor Spreading
Ocean Currents
Chapter 19
Surface Currents
Currents Under the Surface
-Global currents. How/why they flow
-Longshore current
-Wave formation
-What factors cause swells to form