Thursday, March 21, 2013 Name: ____________________________________ Period: ____
Competency
3d – DOK 2
Describe heredity as the passage of instructions from one generation to another and recognize that heredity information is contained in genes, located in the chromosomes of each cell.
8 th Grade –
Lesson 5.1
I can explain the hierarchy of DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
Fill in the missing information in each statement below.
1.
When an acid is placed in water, it releases hydrogen ions, symbolized by H + .
2.
When a base is placed in water, it releases hydroxide ions, symbolized by OH .
3.
Bleach is more basic than baking soda.
4.
Tomato juice is less acidic than lemon juice.
5.
Which of the examples releases the most hydroxide ions?
Liquid drain cleaner or caustic soda
6.
Which of the examples releases the most hydrogen ions?
Battery acid
Page
1
1.
The instructions for everything that happens in a living thing are stored in DNA. DNA is used to make RNA which is used to make protein. a.
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. b.
DNA looks like a twisted ladder, also called a
double helix. c.
The sides of the ladder (also called the backbone) are made up of deoxyribose sugar and phosphate molecules. d.
The rungs of the ladder are made up of two
nitrogenous bases or base pairs. i.
There are four different nitrogenous bases:
adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. ii.
The different bases are abbreviated using the letters A, G, C, and T. e.
Adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs with guanine. f.
There are over six billion (6,000,000,000) base pairs in the DNA of humans.
2.
A group of DNA base pairs that determines a specific characteristic in an organism is called a gene. a.
Humans have 23,000 different genes that determine everything about us.
3.
Eukaryotes have multiple long strands of DNA which each contain many genes. Each of these strands is coiled up very tightly forming a chromosome. a.
Humans have 23 different chromosomes.

Thursday, March 21, 2013 Name: ____________________________________ Period: ____
Competency
3d – DOK 2
Describe heredity as the passage of instructions from one generation to another and recognize that heredity information is contained in genes, located in the chromosomes of each cell.
8 th Grade –
Lesson 5.1
I can explain the hierarchy of DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
The Instructions for Life
Page
1
1.
The instructions for everything that happens in a living thing are stored in
DNA is used to make which is used to make . a.
DNA stands for b.
DNA looks like a
. c.
The sides of the ladder (also called the
.
, also called a are made up of
molecules.
and d.
The rungs of the ladder are made up of two
)
or . i.
There are four different nitrogenous bases:
,
.
, , and ii.
The different bases are abbreviated using the letters , , , and .
.

Thursday, March 21, 2013 Name: ____________________________________ Period: ____ e.
Adenine always pairs with f.
There are over six billion (
and cytosine always pairs with .
) base pairs in the DNA of humans.
2.
A group of DNA base pairs that determines a specific characteristic in an organism is called a a.
Humans have
.
different genes that determine everything about us.
3.
Eukaryotes have multiple long strands of DNA which each contain many genes. Each of these strands is coiled up very tightly forming a a.
Humans have different chromosomes.
.
: Guided Practice
A student knows the nitrogenous bases on one side of a strand of DNA and wants to determine the bases on the other side. Fill in the missing information below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
A -
T -
G -
C -
T -
C -
G -
A -
G -
G -
C -
A -
T -
T -
A -
C -
C -
G -
C -
G -
T -
T -
A -
T -
G -
T -
A -
A -
C -
C -
T -
G -
Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1.
KP1: What does DNA stand for? Describe its appearance.
2.
KP1d: What are the four different chemicals that make up the “rungs” of the DNA ladder?
3.
Describe the way the four nitrogenous bases are paired.
4.
KP2: What is a gene and how many do humans have?
5.
KP3: What is a chromosome and how many do humans have?