BUTERE EAST ZONE EVALUATION TEST
GEOGRAPHY 312/1
MARKING SCHEME
1. a) 450E
X
2 pm
8pm
6 hrs
15 = 1h
= 6h - 900
90 + 45 = 1350E
b) - Gravitational force
- Centipetal force
- Centrifugal force
(3 x 1)
2. a) - Ritcher scale
- Mercalli scale
- Rossi scale
(2 x 1)
b) (i) Passage of large trucks and trains over areas with weak rocks.
(ii) Using explosives during mining.
(iii) Establishment of large reservoirs cause slips on weak rocks.
(iv) Use of nuclear bomb
(Any 2)
3. a) - Mantle
- Crust
(2 x 1)
b) - Has radius of about 3500 km
- Made up of two layers – outer and inner.
- Outer core is about 2300 km thick
- Temp. is aprox. 37000c
- Main minerals are iron and nickel.
- Average density is about 17.5g/cc
(Any 3 x 1)
4. a) - Rift valley
- Block mountain/horst block
- Tilt block
- Fault step
- Escarpment/fault scarp
(Any 2 x 1)
- Formation of waterfall
b) - It may change the direction of flow.
- Disappearance of a River.
- May cause a Reverse drainage
- Formation of depressions which may form lakes. (Any 2 x 1)
5. a) - Weathering is the process of rock disintegration forming soil without movement (insite) while mass
wasting is the downward movement of weathered materials by gravity.
b) - Formation of scars on the land
- Triggers off soil erosion.
- A landslide can block a river causing it to change direction of flow.
- Mass of materials from landslides can block a river and form a lake on the up stream.
- Forms new landforms at the base of a landslide.
(Any 2 x 1)
c) - The nature and weight of the materials.
- Vegetation cover
- The angle of slope of the land.
- Saturation of the surface
(Any 3 x 1)
6. a) - Kilui District
(1 x 2)
b) 10 15I
10 05I
00 10I
= 0010I
(1 x2)
iii) 1 cm represents 0.5 km
(1 x 2)
c) (i) - Main river is River Ikoo flowing towards S.E.
- There are numerous Rivers.
- Most tributaries form a dendritic pattern.
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Geography 312/1
- Kisini Reservoir in grid 0776, .
- Most rivers are permanent.
(ii) 1530m – 9264 (1 x 2)
(iii) Trigonometric station – 9264
Use of contours
(2 x 1)
(3 x 2 = 6)
d)
e)
2000
-1970
30yrs
1y 3 1I
30y 3 30I
2024I
+ 30I
20 54I
= 2054I
(1 x3)
7. (i)
-Earth movement causing tension within rocks
- Earth movement causing compression within rocks.
- When rocks shear.
(3 x 1)
(ii) Normal fault
Reverse fault
- Caused by tension force.
- By compression force.
- Part of fault plane is exposed
- Not exposed.
(4 x 1)
b) Rock layer are subjected to compressional force.
Cf
Formation of Reverse faults
R.F
Cf
Cf
Outer block of land area thrust above the middle block along their fault plane
Cf
Cf
Protruding parts area removed by erosion or may collapse to form escarpments.
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Geography 312/1
(iii) - Ruwenzori mountains
- Pare mountains
- Usambara mountains
c) - May expose minerals to make exploitation easier.
- Makes construction of roads difficult
- Depressions formed may accumulate water to form lakes.
- Forms beautiful sceneries that attract tourists who earn the country foreign exchange.
8. a) (i) Is a low lying large tract of alluvium deposited at the mouth of a river.
(1 x 2)
(ii) – River must carry a large load of sediments.
- Speed of river to be low at point where its entering the sea.
- Rate of deposition should be faster than rate atwhich materials area being removed by tides.
- Rivers course to be free from obstacles which would filter sediments.
(Any 3 x1)
(iii) – Tana Delta – River Tana
- Nile Delta - R. Nile
- Niger Delta – Nigeria
- Sondu Delta – R. Sondu
(Any 2 x 1)
(iv) – Bird’s foot
- Cuspate delta
- Estuarine delta
(Any 2 x 1)
b) - Gradient of the River’s channels
- Volume of water
- Presence of obstacles
- Amount of load
- Narrowness of the river
(Any 4 x 2)
c) (i)- Youthful
- Middle
- Old
(3 x 1)
(ii) – River flows fast
- Steep gradient
- Vertical erosion is dorminant
- Its V- shaped
(4 x1)
(iii) – Rapids
- Water fall
- Potholes
- Gorges
- Interlocking spurs
(Any 1 x 1)
9. a) (i) – Acidic lava
- Basic lava
(2 x 1)
(ii) – Active volcano
- Dormant volcano
- Extinct volcano
(3 x 1)
b) (i) – Volcanic eruption takes place followed by outpouring lava which then cools.
- As lava cools, magma in the vent also cools and contracts.
- Hence magma withdraws into the vent.
- A funnel shaped depression forms on top of volcano forming a crater.
(ii) - Volcano eruptions of a less explosive nature occur.
- Basic lava comes out via a single vent.
- Lava comes out and flows in all directions and flows for long distance before solidifying.
- Subsequent eruptions form new lava that spread over old lava
- The dome has a gentle slope with a very wide base.
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Geography 312/1
Vent
Basic lava
10.a) (i)
(ii)
- Action of moving ice.
(1 x 2)
- Plucking
- Abrassion.
(2 x1)
b) - Plastic flow
- Extrusion flow
- Basal slip
(3 x1)
c) – Crag and tail
- Eskers
- Drumlin e.t.c
(3 x 1)
d) - Water for domestic and industrial use.
- Attracts tourist earning foreign exchange.
- Some provide waterways for transportation.
- Some have fish – Exploited for commercial use. (Any 3 x2)
e) - Kettle Lake
- Tarn
- Ribbon Lake
- Lava dammed lake.
(Any 3 x 1)
d) - Snow accumulates in several hollow on mountain side.
- Plucking action of ice enlarge the hollow allowing more ice to collect in.
- Freeze than action expands the hollow forming cirques.
- Steep sided ridges are formed – Aretes.
- Cirques are extended towards the mountain tops and Arete converge into a sharp peak-pyramidal
Peak.
(3 mks)
Ice
Pyramidal peak
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Geography 312/1