Study Guide Chapters 3 and 4
1. What is the difference between nature and nurture?
2. What are chromosomes? How many chromosomes do we have?
3. What are genes?
4. What is DNA? What is DNA capable of synthesizing?
5. What are nucleotides? What is the connection between nucleotides and genetic diversity?
6. What is the purpose of the human genome project?
7. What is natural selection?
8. What are mutations? How have gene mutations changed foxes in Russia?
9. What do evolutionary psychologists study?
10. According to evolutionary psychologists how do men and women differ in terms of their attitudes
and behaviors towards sex?
11. Describe the Florida State study
12. According to evolutionary psychologists how do men and women differ in their mate selection?
13. What are some criticisms of evolutionary psychologists?
14. What is the difference between identical and fraternal twins?
15. What have separated twins taught psychologists about the nature/nurture debate?
16. According to adoption studies, adopted children are more similar to their biological parents
in………………………….
17. According to adoption studies, adopted children are more similar to their adopted parents
in………………………….
18. What is temperament?
19. What is the difference between easy and difficult babies?
20. Do people’s temperaments as babies predict future personalities?
21. Are temperaments hereditary?
22. What do molecular geneticists study?
23. Describe the interaction between nature and nurture?
24. What are norms? What are the norms on personal space and expression in the U S?
25. What are memes?
26. How do cultures differ in their child rearing practices?
27. What aspects of gender are nature?
28. What aspects of gender are nurture?
29. What are gender roles?
30. What is gender identity?
31. What is gender typing?
32. What is the social learning theory?
33. What is the gender schema theory?
Ch 4
34. What is developmental psychology?
35. What is a Zygote?
36. What is an Embryo?
37. What is a Fetus?
38. Put the following terms in the correct order: Fetus, Zygote and Embryo
39. What are Tetragons? What impact does alcohol have on an unborn child?
40. List 2 reflexes children are born with
41. What is the rooting reflex?
42. What is habituation?
43. What is maturations?
44. Who was Piaget? What part of childhood development did Piaget focus on?
45. What is a Schema?
46. What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation?
47. What happens in the following stages and when do they occur? Know the correct order of the
stages.
1. Sensorimotor2. Preoperational3. Concrete Operational4. Formal Operational-
48. What is egocentrism and what stage does it occur in?
49. What is stranger anxiety and what stage does it occur in?
50. What is object permanence and what stage does it occur in?
51. What is conservation? What stage does it occur in?
52. What are some criticisms of Piaget?
53. What is attachment?
54. Describe the Ainsworth attachment study. What steps should a parent take to raise a child who is
self reliant?
55. What is the difference between secure and insecure attachment?
56. What is the Theory of Mind? What disorder is associated with the inability to develop a theory of
mind?
57. Describe the Harlow study? According to the study what role does body contact, familiarity and
responsive parenting play in the development of attachment?
58. What happened to the monkey’s that were raised in isolation?
59. Describe the parenting skills of a parent with a securely attached child?
60. What is a critical period?
61. What is imprinting? Do humans imprint?
62. Describe Baumring’s parenting styles.
a. Authoritarian
b. Authoritativec. Permissive-
63. Which type of parent is likely to have a secure child with high self esteem?
64. When does adolescence take place?
65. What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics?
66. What is menarche? When does it occur?
67. Who was Kohlberg? What aspect of childhood development was he most concerned with?
68. What happens in the following stages and when do they occur?
1. Preconvetnional2. Conventional3. Post Conventional69. In which stage are children most concerned with obedience and punishment?
70. What are some criticisms of Kohlberg?
71. Who was Erik Erikson and what aspect of childhood development was he most concerned with?
72. What happens in the following Erikson stages and when do they occur?
1. Trust v. Mistrust2. Identity v role confusion3. Intimacy v isolation4. Generativity v. stagnation5. Integrity v despair-
73. What is the major conflict that happens during adolescence according to Erikson?
74. What is the major conflict that happens during young adulthood, according to Erikson?
75. What is the major conflict that happens during late adulthood, according to Erikson?
76. What is menopause? Is there an equivalent to menopause for men?
77. List 4 cognitive changes that occur later in life
78. List 4 physical changes that occur later in life
79. What is crystallized intelligence?
80. What is fluid intelligence?
81. Which type of intelligence decreases first?
82. What is the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies?
83. What is dementia?
84. What is Alzheimer’s? What neurotransmitter is associated with Alzheimer’s?
85. What is the social clock? How has when people marry changed overtime?
86. What are Kubler-Ross’ 5 stages of grief ( look up on the internet)
1.
3.
2.
4.
Extra Credit – chapter 10. Also review the following items:
1. Bandera Social learning theory and teaching a child pro social behaviors
2. Skinner Operant conditioning and temper tantrum management