Ch. 3 Atoms and Bonding notes - PowerPoint #1 of 5
1. Matter – anything that has _______________and ____________________________________________.
2. Matter is made up of tiny particles called__________________. Substances that contain only one type of atom are
____________________. _______________are the building blocks of chemistry and the basis for everything in
the Universe! They are composed of smaller particles called_______________, ________________and
_________________. A__________________ is a______________________ charged particle inside the nucleus. A
__________________________ is a neutral particle also inside the _______________________. An electron is a
________________________ charged particle that ________________ the nucleus. The Nucleus is the ________
part of the atom and, as we discussed, is made up of the _________________ and__________________________.
_________________ are substances that ______________ be broken down any further by chemical means. There
are over 100!
3.
The Periodic Table is the arrangement of these elements ______________________________________ and
similar properties. Each element on the Periodic Table has an ____________________, symbol, _______________
and average atomic ____________________. _________________________ – the number of protons found in
the nucleus of an atom. Average _______________________ – the mass of an atom including the protons and
neutron.
4. Solid- Particles held ______________, Very _____________ together, ___________ arrangement,
_____________, Can’t move from place to place
5. Liquid- Particles held ____________, Very __________together, _____________ arrangement, Vibrate,
________________ move past each other
6. Gas-_______ attraction between particles, ___________ apart, ______________ arrangement, Vibrate, Move
_____________ in __________ directions
7. Elements in the same group have similar properties. Remember, groups are columns.
8. __________________ Property - a property used to characterize materials in _________________ that change
their identity. Ex: burning something. _____________________ Property - a characteristic of a substance that can
be observed____________________ changing the substance into something else. Ex: measuring something’s
length, color, mass or volume.
Explain whether the following properties are chemical or physical properties.
Cutting paper
Metal rusting
Frying an egg
Chopping wood
Bending Metal
Digesting food
9. The major categories of elements are the metals, non-metals, and metalloids.
Metals are_______________, ____________________, and are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Non-metals are elements that ____________________________ the properties of ______________________.
Metalloids are elements that share ____________, but not all the ________________________ of metals.
10. These are _______________________________________ of metals
_______________________ means shiny or reflective of light. __________ and____________ are shiny and reflective .
_________________________ means capable of being shaped. Aluminum foil is ____________ or ________________
around food items to keep them fresh.
Being a _____________________________ means being able to allow electricity and heat to flow through.
When you think about the wires we use for electrical devices, they are mostly made of _____________ and other
metals.
11. Alkali Metals - Elements in Group ______ (not including Hydrogen).Very _______________ metals. Always
combine with _____________ else in nature. Salt – an Alkali Metal, ______________, and another element, Chlorine
combined.
12.Alkaline Earth Metals -Elements in Group _______._____________ Metals that are always combined with
________-_____________ in nature. Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients, like Calcium.
13. Transition Metals - Elements in Groups 3-12. ____________ reactive, ___________ metals. Includes metals used in
jewelry, money and construction.
14. Boron Family- Elements in Group 13. Boron has properties of both __________ and ________________.The rest of
the elements in this group are metals.
15.Carbon Family- Elements in Group 14. Contains elements important to___________ and _______________.
Carbon is the basic element in all _______________ compounds. Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.
16. Nitrogen Family- Elements in Group 15. Nitrogen makes up more than ________ of our atmosphere. The red tip of
____________ is made of _____________________.
16. Oxygen Family or Chalcogens -Elements in Group 16. Oxygen is necessary for ___________________.Many things
that have a bad odor contain____________________.
17. Halogens - Elements in Group 17. Very reactive, __________________ non-metals. _______________ found
combined with other elements in nature. __________________ is used to keep bacteria out of swimming pools.
18.Noble Gases -Elements in Group 18. VERY un-reactive _______________. Used in lighted ____________ signs.
Helium is used to make party balloons float.
19. Chemical Reactions -A reaction happens when ___________________________ molecules interact and something
happens. A chemical change must occur. _____________ reactions often happen as part of a larger series of reactions.
1 Hydrogen and 2 Oxygen molecules combine to form water (H20)
20. A Chemical Change Occurs When… There is a change in ______________. There is a change in ____________ or
______________. There are _____________________ or ________________. There is an ________________ or
_____________________ in temperature.
21. Reactions Have 2 Parts - ________________________ and __________________________
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Reactants are the substances you ____________ with
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Products are the substances you ____________with
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Reactants turn into Products