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Fall 2012
Movement Analysis Project
Kinesiology:
Section 5
(12:15PM – 1:30 PM)
Professor:
Dr. George Biren
Performed by:
Steven Brooks
Conducted on:
Billy Goodwin
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Demographics
Name: Billy Goodwin
Age: 19
Gender: Male
Height: 180.3 cm (71 inches)
Weight: 74.74 kg (165 pounds)
Body Mass Index (BMI): 23.0
Medications: None
Strength: Bilateral upper and lower extremities are 5/5 throughout.
Endurance: Normal
Balance: Within normal limits
ADL Status: Independent with all activities of daily living.
Palpation: No tenderness to palpation throughout.
Pain: Denies any pain or discomfort
Goals: “Build strength, size, and endurance. Put on five pounds of muscle.”
Physical History
Prior/Current/Family Medical conditions: None Significant
Prior Injuries: None Significant
Current Injuries: None Significant
Career of sports and exercise: Was involved in basketball, baseball, and soccer when I was
younger. I was also in marching band throughout high school. I now focus primarily on strength
training exercises rather then sports.
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Jobs/Career: Clerical Assistant for Dean of Students, Orientation Leader, True Value Hardware
Employee, Volunteer Aide at Victory Physical Therapy, and full time student.
Activities of daily living: Constantly walking across campus, lifting heavy objects at work, full
time student, and commuter.
Conclusion/Summary: Mr. Goodwin is a 19 year-old male full time college student with no prior
or current medical conditions or injuries. Mr. Goodwin would like to use this project as an
opportunity to build up his strength and endurance. He has maintained a good level of activity
throughout high school through sports and clubs. His job experience would seem to indicate a
high level of responsibility and organization as well as some experience in the field of exercise
science.
These factors make Mr. Goodwin a good candidate to achieve his above stated goals
through proper analysis of his movement and a well suited program to correct any dysfunctions
and build on current strength/endurance levels through exercise. It would be beneficial for Mr.
Goodwin to begin strength training regime with his current knowledge that would focus on core
strength so that he is better equipped to resist injury as further training is pursed.
Range of Motion
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Cervical Flexion (Normal: 60 / Shown: 600)
Cervical Extension (Normal: 750 / Shown: 750)
Cervical Lateral Flexion (Normal: 450 / Shown: 450)
Right
Left
Cervical Rotation (Normal: 800 / Shown: 800)
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Right
Left
Shoulder Flexion (Normal: 1700 / Shown: 1700)
Right
Left
Shoulder Extension (Normal: 500 / Shown: 500)
Right
Left
Shoulder Internal Rotation (Normal: 350 / Shown: 350)
Right
Left
Shoulder External Rotation (Normal: 450 / Shown: 450)
Right
Left
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Elbow Flexion (Normal: 1450 / Shown: 1450)
Wrist Extension (Normal: 600 / Shown: 600)
Right
Left
Wrist Ulnar Deviation (Normal: 300 / Shown: 300)
Right
Left
Elbow Extension (Normal: 00 / Shown: 00)
Wrist flexion (Normal: 700 / Shown: 700)
Right
Left
Wrist Radial Deviation (Normal: 200 / Shown: 200)
Right
Left
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Hip flexion (Normal: 1700 / Shown 1700)
Right
Hip Internal Rotation (Normal: 350 / Shown: 350)
Right
Left
Left
Hip External Rotation (Normal: 450 / Shown: 450)
Right
Knee Flexion
Right
Left
Knee Extension
Left
Right
Left
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Ankle Dorsiflexion
Right
Ankle Plantarflexon
Left
Right
Left
Straight Leg Raise (Normal: 900 / Shown: 900)
Right
Left
Upper extremities ranges of motion are as follows:
Shoulder flexion
Left
1700
Right
1700
Elbow extension
Left
1450
Right
1450
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Shoulder extension
Shoulder abduction
Shoulder adduction
Internal rotation
External rotation
Elbow flexion
500
900
900
850
850
1550
500
900
900
850
850
1550
Forearm pronation
Forearm supination
Wrist flexion
Wrist extension
Wrist abduction
Wrist adduction
900
900
900
700
250
600
900
900
900
700
250
600
Left
1300
1150
450
200
350
250
Right
1300
1150
450
200
350
250
Spine Range of Motion is as follows:
Cervical flexion
Cervical extension
Cervical sidebend
Cervical rotation
500
700
450
750
Lumbar flexion
Lumbar extension
Lumbar lateral flexion
Lumbar rotation
750
250
250
450
Lower extremities ranges of motion as follows:
Hip flexion
Hip extension
Hip abduction
Hip adduction
Hip internal rotation
Hip external rotation
Left
1250
1150
450
400
400
450
Right
1250
1150
450
400
400
450
Knee flexion
Knee extension
Ankle plantarflexion
Ankle dorsiflexion
Ankle inversion
Ankle eversion
Conclusion:
Through performing a bilateral upper extremity and lower extremity range of motion
assessment on Mr. Goodwin the above measurements have been taken. From what has been
recorded Mr. Goodwin is within normal limits on all planes bilaterally for upper and lower
extremity range of motion. Though some movements are not at their maximum possible range
this could be explained by his current and expected work out routine. Mr. Goodwin prefers and
currently does a workout that primarily consists of strength training. Strength training, without
proper stretching/flexibility training, has been shown to decrease range of motion. In Billy’s
case though it does not seem to have shown noticeable ill effects. To prevent decreased range
of motion and prevent possible injury in the future it is recommended that Mr. Goodwin begin
a flexibility training routine in conjunction with his strength training to maintain or improve his
flexibility and help prevent future injury.
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Postural Assessment
Frontal View:
Sagittal View:
Posterior View:
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Eyes Aligned
Yes
Frontal View
No
If no, which side higher
AC Joint Aligned
Yes
No
If no, which side higher
Right
Left
ASIS Aligned
Yes
No
If no, which side higher
Right
Left
Patella Height Even
Yes
No
If no, which side higher
Right
Left
Patella Faces Forward
Yes
No
If no, facing which way
Out
In
Genu Valgum
Yes
No
If yes, which side
R
L
Both
Genu Varum
Yes
No
If yes, which side
R
L
Both
Feet Face Forward
Yes
No
If no, which one
facing which way
R
L
Out
Both
In
Head Protruded
Sagittal View
Yes No
Protracted Shoulder Girdle
Yes
No
Kyphosis
Yes
No
Excessive Lordosis
Yes
No
Reduced Lordosis
Yes
No
Genu Recurvatum
Yes
No
Right
Left
If yes, which side R
L
Both
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Winged Scapula
Yes
No
Posterior View
If yes, which side
R
L
Both
Feet Evert
Yes
No
If yes, which foot
R
L
Both
Feet Invert
Yes
No
If yes, which foot
R
L
Both
Postural Summary:
Mr. Goodwin’s posture would seem to show no observable or measureable deficits.
Through observing him through frontal, sagittal, and posterior angles nothing improper in his
posture could be recognized. The only slight abnormality that was noticed was his feet very
slightly facing outward but this was so miniscule that it was not even noted on the postural
analysis form but it is something to keep an eye on so that it does not exacerbate. This, in
combination with his high level of flexibility which is most likely a strong factor why his posture
is so good, should aide him well in resisting injury. It is recommended that Mr. Goodwin keep
doing what as he is doing, for his posture, as it shows no need for improvement merely
maintenance.
Overhead Squat Assessment
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Knees Align with foot:
Yes
Feet Face Forward:
Yes
Normal Forward Flexion:
Yes
Anterior View
No
If no, which one
which way
No
If no, which one
which way
Both
varus
Both
adduct
Sagittal View
No, excessive forward lean
Normal Lumbar Lordosis: Yes
If no,
Arms Remain in Line:
No, arms fall forward
Yes
R
L
valgus
R
L
abduct
excessive lordosis
Posterior View
Feet Evert:
Yes
No
Heels Rise Off Floor:
Yes
No
or
reduced lordosis
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Asymmetrical Shift:
Yes
No
If yes which side
R
L
Overhead Squat Summary:
Mr. Goodwin’s overhead squat assessment showed almost no noticeable deficits and
even the ones noticed are minimal at best. While viewing the squat in the anterior view it was
noticed that both feet slightly “turned out” or abducted. This was very minimal but worth
noting. This could be due to an overactive soleus and lateral gastroc in combination with an
underactive medial gastroc and medical hamstring. It would be recommended that he spend
some time stretching the soleus and lateral gastroc more then he did prior and strengthen and
medial gastroc and hamstring. This will help correct this minimal deficit and prevent it from
becoming worse.
The only other slight deficit noticed was that while viewing the squat in the posterior
view that his feet everted slightly. This could be for two reasons. First, he could be naturally flat
footed which in this case it would just be recommended that he wear shoes with a good arch
support. Second, it could be because his peroneals are overactive and his tibialis anterior and
posterior are underactive. In this case it would be suggested that Mr. Goodwin stretch him
peroneals bilaterally and strengthen his tibialis anterior and posterior bilaterally. This will help
correct the deficit and prevent it from becoming worse. Other then these two very slight
abnormalities Mr. Goodwin’s Overhead squat assessment showed nothing wrong and no need
for further improvement.
Gait Analysis Assessment
Posterior View:
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Sagittal View:
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Assessment of Stance Phase through sagittal view:
Hip Position
Knee Position
Ankle Position
Foot Flat
Hip Position
Knee Position
Ankle Position
Mid-stance
Hip Position
Knee Position
Ankle Position
Heel-off
Hip Position
Knee Position
Ankle Position
Toe-off
Hip Position
Knee Position
Ankle Position
Real-time
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion
Recorded
Flexion Extension
Recorded
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion
Real-time
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion
Recorded
Flexion Extension
Recorded
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion
Real-time
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion
Recorded
Flexion Extension
Recorded
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion
Real-time
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion
Recorded
Flexion Extension
Recorded
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion
Real-time
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion
Recorded
Flexion Extension
Recorded
Flexion Extension
Real-time
Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion
Assessment of Gait through posterior view:
Gait Events
Heel Strike
Foot Flat
Mid-swing
Heel-off
Toe-off
Real-time
Supination Pronation
Supination Pronation
Supination Pronation
Supination Pronation
Supination Pronation
Recorded
Supination Pronation
Supination Pronation
Supination Pronation
Supination Pronation
Supination Pronation
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Gait Analysis Summary:
After assessing Mr. Goodwin doing a brisk, 2.5 mph, walk on the treadmill through both
the sagittal and posterior views it would seem he has no observable gait dysfunction. The key
points in the stance phase showed no dysfunction and were concurrent with how gait should
be performed. At no time was an over-pronation, too much supination, or an improper amount
of flexion or extension of the knee or hip noticed throughout the test. These results match up
with expectations as no other analysis done of Mr. Goodwin so far has shown any type of
dysfunction that would lead one to believe that a gait dysfunction should be present; i.e.
decreased range of motion or poor posture. At this time, as Mr. Goodwin shows no deficits in
gait, no action would need to be taken to correct or improve his gait mechanics.
Corrective Exercises
After throughout evaluation of Mr. Goodwin through range of motion assessments, posture
assessments, overhead squat assessments, and gait analysis assessments no abnormalities or deficits
have been noted. He seems to be in great physical shape and due to this no steps need to be taken to
correct any deficits or prepare Mr. Goodwin for the next step towards attaining his goals. Since no
corrective measures need to be taken at this time the next sections will be dedicated towards setting up
Mr. Goodwin with a list of goals and the exercises that will aide him in attaining those goals.
Goals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Short-Term Goals (4 Weeks)
Increase core stability.
Increase shoulder girdle joint stability.
Increase maximum amount of crunches by 30.
Increase plank hold time by 1 minute.
Maintain ROM and lack of deficits.
Independent with home exercise program
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Long-Term Goals (8-Weeks)
Increase bench press by 15 pounds.
Increase bicep curl by 10 pounds.
Improve squat weight by 10-20 pounds
View a noticeable increase in muscle size.
Maintain ROM and lack of deficits.
Independent with progressive home exercise program.
Decrease mile run time by 30-45 seconds.
Goals Summary:
Mr. Goodwin’s overall goal with this program is to build strength, size, and endurance while
putting on 5 pounds of muscle. Furthermore he has a more long-term goal of getting involved in body
building with a possible interest in competitions. The above goals have been laid out with these goals in
mind. The goals have been broken down into short-term and long-term. The first set of goals, the shortterm, are meant to prepare the body for the vigor’s of weight training and body building. Most people
make the mistake of training the extremities first rather then the core, we do not want to make this
mistake. Mr. Goodwin will be instructed to focus on core and shoulder strengthening in order to help
prevent injury and maximize performance. Once these goals have been met and the body appropriately
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strengthened and stabilized while maintaining his previous range of motion and lack of deficits in
posture, gait, and squat then he can move onto long-term goals.
These goals will focus more closely on Billy’s goal of gaining strength and size. We will begin to
focus more on weight training and the extremities and build up his strength safely and steadily. We will
not try and build too much to fast as that would increase the chance of injury and decrease the chance
of maximizing his performance. In these goals we will focus on the biceps, chest, and legs as well as the
muscles that maintain these (i.e. back and triceps) so that Billy can begin to see a size difference and
keep his motivation up.
After each set of goals, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks, the goals will be assessed to see if they
were met or not and will be re-imagined appropriately. We will also assess Mr. Goodwin’s posture, gait,
range of motion, and overhead squat once again to make sure no deficits or abnormalities have come
about during the program. Mr. Goodwin is a great candidate for this program with a good chance to
improve and obtain his goals with skilled training due to his motivation and good fitness level to date.
Improvement Exercises
Short-Term Goal Exercises (Core)
Straight Leg Raise
Crunch
V-Sit Position
Superman
Plank
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Shoulder Complex Exercises:
19
20
Long-Term Exercises:
Bicep Curl
Tricep Extension
Bench Press
Exercise Summary:
The above exercises are what Mr. Goodwin will focus on but is not limited to. The first set, the
short-term exercises, are to strengthen the core and the shoulder complex. Doing this will create a more
stable place for the extremities to pull off of when training in the future and will help prevent injury and
maximize performance. The second set of exercises, the long-term exercises, are meant to increase the
strength and size of the extremities and help in achieving Billy’s ultimate goal of increased size. All of
these exercises can be expanded upon such as the plant which can be done on the side or one handed
for increased difficulty and muscle isolation. Also, while doing these exercises both before and after,
dynamic before the routine and static after, multiple stretches will be done to help improve
performance and minimize change of injury.
**Lower body Exercises coming after lecture