Chemistry
Review: Chapters 1–3
1.
Name_____________________________
Period _____
Identify each of the following as an example of qualitative data or quantitative data.
quantitative
a. Taste of an apple
____________________
d. length of a rod
____________________
qualitative
b. Mass of a brick
quantitative
____________________
e. texture of a leaf
qualitative
____________________
c. Speed of a car
quantitative
____________________
f. weight of a mouse
quantitative
____________________
2. Identify the dependent variable and the independent variable in the following experiments.
a. A student tests the ability of a given chemical to dissolve in water at three different temperatures.
temperature
Independent ______________________________
Ability to dissolve
Dependent______________________________
b. A farmer compares how his crops grow with and without phosphorous fertilizers.
Presence of phosphorous
Independent ______________________________
fertilizers
Growth of crops
Dependent______________________________
c. An environmentalist tests the acidity of water samples at five different distances from a factory.
distances
Independent ______________________________
Acidity of water samples
Dependent______________________________
3. Calculate the density of a piece of bone with a mass of 3.8 g and a volume of 2.0 cm 3.
D = 3.8 g
2.0 cm3
= 1.9 g/cm3
4. A spoonful of sugar with a mass of 8.8 grams is poured into a 10 mL graduated cylinder. The volume reading
is 5.5 mL. What is the density of the sugar?
D = 8.8 g
5.5 mL
= 1.6 g/mL
5. A 10.0 gram pat of butter raises the water level in a 50 mL graduated cylinder by 11.6 mL. What is the density
of the butter?
D = 10.0 g
= .862 g/mL
11.6 mL
6. A sample of metal has a mass of 34.65 g. When placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the water
level rises 3.3 mL. Which of the following metals is the sample made from:
D = 34.65 g
3.3 mL
= 10.5 g/cm3
Silver
Answer ____________________
Metal
Silver
Tin
Titanium
Density
10.5 g/cm3
7.28 g/cm3
4.5 g/cm3
7. Rock salt has a density of 2.18 g/cm3. What would the volume be of a 4.8 g sample of rock salt?
D = 4.8 g
= 2.2 cm3
3
2.18 g/cm
8. A piece of lead displaces 1.5 mL of water in a graduated cylinder. Lead has a density of 11.34 g/cm 3. What is
the mass of the piece of lead?
M=DxV
(11.34)x(1.5) = 17.01 grams
9. Suppose you calculate your semester grade in chemistry as 90.1, but you receive a grade of 89.4. What is your
percent error?
89.4 – 90.1 x 100 = .777%
90.1
10. On a bathroom scale, a person always weighs 2.5 pounds less than on the scale at the doctor’s office. What is
the percent error of the bathroom scale if the person’s actual weight is 125 pounds?
125 – 2.5 = 122.5
122.5 – 125 x 100 = 2%
125
11. A length of wood has a labeled length value of 2.50 meters. You measure its length three times. Each time
you get the same value: 2.35 meters.
a. What is the percent error of your measurements?
2.35 – 2.50
2.50
b. Are your measurements precise? Are they accurate?
= 6.00%
Yes; no
12. Determine the number of significant figures in each measurement.
4
a. 0.000010 L
________
d. 3,001,000,000 g
________
2
b. 40030 kg
4
________
e. 0.002849 kg
4
________
c. 907.0 km
4
________
f. 2.4050 x 10–4 kg
5
________
13. Complete the following calculations. Record your answer in the correct number of significant figures.
439 g
a. 52.6 g + 309.1 g + 77.214 g = ____________________
695.91 mL
b. 927.37 mL – 231.458 mL = ____________________
c. 245.01 km x 2.1 km =
510 km2
____________________
d. 529.31 m ÷ 0.9000 s =
588.1 m/s
____________________
14. Identify each of the following as an example of a physical property or a chemical property.
a. Silver tarnishes when it comes in contact with hydrogen sulfide
chemical
____________________
b. A sheet of copper can be pounded into a bowl
physical
____________________
c. Barium melts at 725°C
physical
____________________
d. Helium does not react with any other element
e. A bar of lead is more easily bent than is a bar of aluminum
of the same size
f. Potassium metal is kept submerged in oil to prevent contact
with oxygen or water
g. Diamond dust can be used to cut or grind most other materials
h. Rocks containing carbonates can be identified because they
fizz when hydrochloric acid is applied
chemical
____________________
physical
____________________
chemical
____________________
physical
____________________
chemical
____________________
15. Identify each of the following as a property of a solid, liquid, or gas. Some answers will include more than
one state of matter.
Liquid/gas
a. Flows and takes the shape of its container
____________________
b. Compressible
gas
____________________
c. Made of particles held in a specific arrangement
solid
____________________
d. Has a definite volume
Solid/liquid
____________________
e. Always occupies the entire space of its container
gas
____________________
f.
Liquid
____________________
Has a definite volume but flows
16. Identify each of the following as an example of a chemical change or a physical change.
a. Moisture in the air forms beads of water on a cold windowpane
b. An electric current changes water into hydrogen and oxygen
c. Yeast cells in bread dough make carbon dioxide and ethanol
from sugar
d. Olive oil, vinegar, salt, and pepper are shaken together to make
salad dressing
e. Molten bronze is poured into a mold and solidifies to form a
figurine
f.
A reactant decomposes to form two products
physical
____________________
chemical
____________________
chemical
____________________
physical
____________________
physical
____________________
chemical
____________________
17. Identify each of the following as an example of a homogeneous mixture or a heterogeneous mixture.
a. 70% isopropyl rubbing alcohol
homogeneous
____________________
b. A pile of rusty iron filings
heterogeneous
____________________
c. Concrete
heterogeneous
____________________
d. Saltwater
homogeneous
____________________
e. Gasoline
homogeneous
____________________
f.
heterogeneous
____________________
Bread
18. Identify each of the following as an example of an element or a compound.
a. Sucrose (table sugar)
compound
____________________
b. The helium in a balloon
element
____________________
c. Baking soda
compound
____________________
d. A diamond
element
____________________
e. Aluminum foil
element
____________________
f.
element
____________________
The substances listed on the periodic table
g. Calcium chloride pellets used to melt ice
compound
____________________
19. If 50 grams of sodium reacts with chlorine to form 126 grams of salt, how many grams of chlorine reacted?
Na + Cl  NaCl
50 + x = 126
x = 76 g chlorine
20. Twenty grams of aluminum reacts with 200 grams of bromide to form aluminum bromide. No aluminum
is left after the reaction, but 23 grams of bromine remain unreacted. How many grams of aluminum
bromide were formed?
Al + Br  AlBr
20 + (200-23) = x
x = 197 g aluminum bromide
21. A 425 gram sample of an unknown substance contains 43 grams of carbon. What is the percent
composition by mass of carbon in the substance?
43 g x 100 = 10.1 g carbon
425 g
22. Sodium has an atomic mass of 23 amu’s, and chlorine has an atomic mass of 35 amu’s. In the compound
NaCl, what is the percent composition by mass of sodium?
Na + Cl  NaCl
23 + 35 = x
x = 58 amu
Na: 23 x 100 = 39.655 g Sodium
58
Cl: 35 x 100 = 60.3458 g Chlorine
58