Supplementary Material
Online Figures
Online Figure 1 : Down-regulated miR-365 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells
(VSMCs) treated with PDGF-bb and targets cyclin D1
Online Figure 2 : Effect of anti-miR-365 in VSMCs
Online Figure 3 : Effect of anti-miR-365 in migration of VSMCs
Supplementary Methods
ANTI-MIR-365 TRANSFECTION
Anti-miR-365 oligomer (Genolution Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Seoul, Korea) was used and
the sequence of the mature anti-miR-365 mimic was: 5’-UAAUGCCCCUAAAAAUCC
UUAU-3’. VSMCs were transfected with the anti-miR-365 mimic using siLentFect™ Lipid
reagent (BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA) in high glucose DMEM containing 10% FBS and after
4 hr incubation in a CO2 incubator at 37°C, the medium was changed.
CELL PROLIFERATION ASSAY
VSMCs were plated in triplicate wells of 96-well plates at 1 × 104 cells per well. The cells
were starved with 0.1% FBS for 24 hr and treated with PDGF-bb. After treatment, cell
proliferation was measured using a CCK-8 assay kit (Dojindo, Japan). The CCK-8 assay kit
was diluted with DMEM, and then 100 μl was added to each well and incubated for 2 hr at
37°C. The absorbance was measured at 450 nm with a spectrometer.
REAL-TIME PCR
Total RNAs were isolated using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen). miRNAs were assayed by
real-time PCR. The cDNAs were produced from 100 ng purified total RNA with the
Taqman® MicroRNA Reverse Transcriptase Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA,
USA) in combination with Taqman® MicroRNA Assays for quantification of specific miRs
including miR-23b, miR-103, miR-107, miR-195 and miR-365, according to the
manufacturer’s conditions. U6 was used as an endogenous control for data normalization.
Real-time PCR analyses for amplification and detection of specific miRNAs were performed
in a Light Cycler 480 II (Roche) at 95°C for 10 min, followed by 40 cycles at 95°C for 15 sec
and 60°C for 60 sec. The relative differences in expression levels of miRNA in VSMCs
(ΔΔCt) were calculated and presented as fold induction (2−ΔΔCt) after normalization to the
control U6.
IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS
Cells were washed once in PBS and extracted using a lysis buffer (Cell Signaling
Technology, Boston, MA, USA) containing 20 mM Tris/HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM
Na2EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 1% Triton X-100, 2.5 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mM βglycerophosphate, 1 mM Na3VO4, 1 mg/ml leupeptin and 1 mM PMSF. Protein
concentrations were determined using a BCA protein assay kit (Pierce Biotechnology,
Rockford, IL, USA). Proteins were separated in a 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel and
transferred to a PVDF membrane (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). After blocking the
membrane with TBS-T (TBS-Tween 20; 0.1% Tween 20) containing 5% (w/v) non-fat dried
skimmed milk powder for 1 hr at room temperature, membranes were washed twice with
TBS-T and incubated with primary antibody for 1 hr at room temperature or overnight at
4°C. The membrane was washed three times with TBS-T for 10 min and incubated with
horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody for 1 hr at room temperature.
After extensive washing, bands were detected using an ECL western blotting detection
reagent (Amersham Biosciences, Japan). The band intensities were quantified using Image J.
The cyclin D1 (HD11) and PCNA (PC10) antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz
Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA).
WOUND-HEALING ASSAY
VSMCs were plated at a density of 3 × 105 cells/well in 6-well plates. After the cells had
reached 80% confluence, cells were deprived of serum for 24 hr and then the cells were
incubated with mitomycin C (10 μg/mL, dissolved in culture medium), a potent inhibitor of
cell proliferation, for 2 hr. After incubation, the cells were wounded with 200 μL pipette tips
and the starting point was marked with a marker pen at the bottom of the plate. The medium
was replaced with or without serum-deprived medium-containing PDGF-bb (20 ng/ml), and
the cells were incubated for 16 hr. Images were captured using an Axiovert 40C inverted
microscope (Carl Zeiss) equipped with a Powershot A640 digital camera (Canon).
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Results are expressed as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments.
Comparisons between more than two groups were performed by one-way ANOVA using
Bonferroni’s correction. Relationships were considered statistically significant when the pvalue was less than 0.05.
Supple. Fig. 1. Down-regulated miR-365 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells
(VSMCs) treated with PDGF-bb and targets cyclin D1 (A) The effects of several miRNAs
targeting cyclin D1 in VSMCs treated with PDGF-bb (20 ng/ml) and (B) transfection
efficiency of miRs targeting cyclin D1 by realtime PCR. (C) Expression of cyclin D1 after
transfection with miRs targeting cyclin D1 in VSMC were detected by western blot analysis.
(*P<0.05 vs. control, #<0.05 vs. PDGF-bb-treated VSMCs).
Supple. Fig. 2. Effect of anti-miR-365 in VSMCs (A) Proliferation rate was analyzed by
CCK assay after transfection with anti-miR-365 and treatment with PDGF-bb (20 ng/ml).
(B,C) Expression of cyclin D1 and PCNA in VSMCs transfected with either N.C or anti-miR365 were detected by western blot analysis (*P<0.05 vs. control).
Supple. Fig. 3. Effect of anti-miR-365 in migration of VSMCs. Analysis of cell migration
as measured by a wound-healing assay. The cells were wounded with a 200 µl pipet tip and
wound closure was photographed at 0 hr and 16 hr postwounding. Statistical analysis of the
percent of wound closure (*P<0.05 vs. control).