Conservation Management Zones of Australia
South Eastern Australia Mallee Woodlands
Prepared by the Department of the Environment
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project and associated products are the result of a collaboration between the Biodiversity Conservation
Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were
provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of the Environment (DotE), Department of
Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and the academic
community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks
Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE, Nyree Stenekes and Robert
Kancans (ABARES), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson
(ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the
World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.
Special thanks to CSIRO staff Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns enabled
identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.
© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.
The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use
under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the
Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by
third parties, and any images depicting people.
For licence conditions see here.
Contents
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ................................................................ 4
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4
Zone at a glance .......................................................................................................................... 5
Population characteristics .......................................................................................................... 10
Employment, volunteering and incomes .................................................................................... 15
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice .................. 18
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas ............................................. 21
Zone vegetation characteristics ................................................................................................. 24
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands............................................................................... 25
World and National Heritage ...................................................................................................... 27
Major National Reserve System properties................................................................................ 27
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities ............................................................... 28
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species ........................................................................................ 29
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species .......................................................................................... 33
Threatened endemic species ..................................................................................................... 35
Invasive species ........................................................................................................................ 37
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations ........................................................... 40
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country
The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past
and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep
spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including
Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.
Introduction
The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological
and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.
The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will
assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report
on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with
local action.
The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and
socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge
and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about
regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.
The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or
governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental
assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.
Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socioeconomic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to
engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural
resources more effectively.
The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic
landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain
only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In
future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.
Zone at a glance
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
MAJOR CITIES AND TOWNS
POPULATION
Berri
4,107
Kadina
4,461
Mildura
31,272
Murray Bridge
15,642
Port Lincoln
14,083
Port Pirie
13,850
Renmark
4,381
OTHER TOWNS
POPULATION
Balaklava
1,828
Bamera
1,916
Bordertown
2,543
Ceduna
2,292
Clare
3,283
OTHER TOWNS
POPULATION
Kapunda
2,484
Loxton
3,783
Mannum
2,167
Merbein
1,926
Moonta
3,650
Red Cliffs
2,558
Wallaroo
3,158
Warracknabeal
2,338
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (NRM) REGIONS
Murray Local Land Services (LLS)
NSW
Riverina LLS
NSW
Western LLS
NSW
Natural Resources (NR) Eyre Peninsula
SA
NR Northern and Yorke
SA
NR SA Arid Lands
SA
NR SA Murray Darling
SA
Mallee Catchment Management Authority (CMA)
VIC
North Central CMA
VIC
Wimmera CMA
VIC
TOP FIVE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
VALUE (MILLIONS)
Cereals for grain
$2,993
Fruit
$1,088
Legumes for grain
$402
Vegetables for consumption
$390
Lamb
$306
Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here)
$6,485
CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS*
Mean annual temperature
16.5 Celsius
Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month
31.3 Celsius
Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month
4 Celsius
Mean Annual Rainfall
306.6 mm
Dominant rainfall season
Winter
* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of
rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012)
Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of
Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces
version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).
For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National
Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).
Population characteristics
Population
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOME
English
79.45%
Other languages
16.16%
Not stated
4.27%
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Education
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Employment, volunteering and incomes
Employment
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Volunteering
Income
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and
sources of NRM advice
Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility
for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to
assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key
environmental custodians.
Agricultural commodity values
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice
* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey
(LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses
across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area
2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only.
For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4630.0
** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228
broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame.
The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this
reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.
^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents
who identified they sought advice.
For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domesticforestry/prep-for-future/drivers-
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government
Areas
Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping
Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program
(ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to:
http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/
INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS
New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council: www.alc.org.au
Barengi Gadjin Land Council: www.bglc.org.au
Native Title Services Victoria: http://www.ntsv.com.au
South Australian Native Title Services: http://www.nativetitlesa.org
NATIVE TITLE AND TRADITIONAL OWNERS
Traditional Owners
Registered Native Title Body Corporate
Hectares
% of zone
Adnyamathanha People
Adnyamathanha Traditional Lands Association (Aboriginal
Corporation) RNTBC
1,701,575
5.21
Wotjobaluk People
Barengi Gadjin Land Council Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
723,708
2.22
Adnyamathanha People
Adnyamathanha Traditional Lands Association (Aboriginal
Corporation) RNTBC
36,638
0.11
First peoples of the River Murray
& Mallee Region
The River Murray and Mallee Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
35,926
0.11
Adnyamathanha People
Adnyamathanha Traditional Lands Association (Aboriginal
Corporation) RNTBC
33,800
0.10
Gawler Ranges People
Gawler Ranges Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC
6,433
0.02
Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013. For more information please refer to:
http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS
Balranald Shire Council
NSW
Bourke Shire Council
NSW
Carrathool Shire Council
NSW
Central Darling Shire Council
NSW
Cobar Shire Council
NSW
Lachlan Shire Council
NSW
The Council Of The Shire Of Wakool
NSW
Unincorporated Far West
NSW
Wentworth Shire Council
NSW
Alexandrina Council
SA
City Of Port Lincoln
SA
Clare And Gilbert Valleys Council
SA
Coorong Dc
SA
Dc Of The Copper Coast
SA
Light Regional Council
SA
Mid Murray Council
SA
Northern Areas Council
SA
Port Augusta City Council
SA
Port Pirie Regional Council
SA
Renmark Paringa Council
SA
Southern Mallee Dc
SA
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS
Tatiara Dc
SA
The Barossa Council
SA
The Berri Barmera Council
SA
The Dc Of Barunga West
SA
The Dc Of Ceduna
SA
The Dc Of Cleve
SA
The Dc Of Elliston
SA
The Dc Of Franklin Harbour
SA
The Dc Of Karoonda East Murray
SA
The Dc Of Kimba
SA
The Dc Of Lower Eyre Peninsula
SA
The Dc Of Loxton Waikerie
SA
The Dc Of Mallala
SA
The Dc Of Mount Remarkable
SA
The Dc Of Orroroo Carrieton
SA
The Dc Of Peterborough
SA
The Dc Of Streaky Bay
SA
The Dc Of Tumby Bay
SA
The Dc Of Yorke Peninsula
SA
The Flinders Ranges Council
SA
The Regional Council Of Goyder
SA
The Rural City Of Murray Bridge
SA
Uia Riverland
SA
Wakefield Regional Council
SA
Wudinna District Council
SA
Buloke Shire
VIC
Campaspe Shire
VIC
Gannawarra Shire
VIC
Hindmarsh Shire
VIC
Loddon Shire
VIC
Mildura Rural City
VIC
Swan Hill Rural City
VIC
West Wimmera Shire
VIC
Yarriambiack Shire
VIC
Zone vegetation characteristics
The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification
system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and
distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.
Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation
distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation
mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types
across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums
(e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type
occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present
are therefore not represented.
It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is
of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on
vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.
Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater
discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia.
For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia.
In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass
understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone
(58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical
Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately
19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only
provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.
For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-informationsystem
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands
RAMSAR WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
Riverland
SA
30,664
Lake Albacutya
VIC
5,659
Banrock Station Wetland Complex
SA
1,375
The Coorong, and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland
SA
311
Kerang Wetlands – The Marshes
VIC
16
For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-ourenvironment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands
NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
CRITERIA
Darling Anabranch Lakes
NSW
42,498
1, 2, 5
Tod River Wetland System
SA
39,209
1, 2, 3
Upper Spencer Gulf
SA
36,568
1, 3, 5, 6
Riverland Wetland Complex
SA
34,447
1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Menindee Lakes
NSW
29,110
4, 5, 1, 3
Wimmera River
VIC
24,773
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Lake Tyrrell
VIC
17,477
1, 2
Clinton
SA
16,993
1, 3
Lindsay Island
VIC
15,799
1, 2, 3
Lake Hindmarsh
VIC
14,787
1, 2, 3, 6
Talyawalka Anabranch & Teryawynia Creek
NSW
11,435
1, 4
Wallpolla Island
VIC
9,708
1, 2, 3
Lake Albacutya
VIC
5,982
1, 2, 3, 4
Streaky Bay
SA
4,041
3, 5
Bunguluke Wetlands, Tyrrell Creek & Lalbert Creek
Floodplain
Franklin Harbour
VIC
3,965
1, 2
SA
3,830
1, 3, 6
Port Gawler & Buckland Park Lake
SA
3,629
1, 3, 5, 6
Lake Newland
SA
3,528
1, 3, 5
Barker Inlet & St Kilda
SA
3,483
1, 2, 3, 5, 6
Davenport Creek
SA
2,412
1, 3, 5, 6
Coffin Bay Coastal Wetland System
SA
2,173
3, 5, 6
Lake Hamilton
SA
1,956
1
Noora Evaporation Lakes
SA
1,626
3
Wills Creek
SA
1,529
1, 3
Banrock Swamp Wetland Complex
SA
1,375
1, 2, 3
Tumby Bay
SA
1,075
1, 3
Pike-Mundic Wetland Complex
SA
949
1, 3, 6
Lake Wallawalla
VIC
822
1, 3
Gurra Lakes Wetland Complex
SA
807
3
Lowbidgee Floodplain
NSW
806
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Baird Bay
SA
737
3
Sleaford Mere
SA
700
1, 3
NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
CRITERIA
Lake Lalbert
VIC
686
1, 2, 6
Raak Plain
VIC
658
1, 5
Loveday Swamps
SA
529
1, 2, 3, 6
Loch Luna Wetland Complex
SA
488
1, 2, 3, 6
Wargan Basins (Meridian Lakes)
VIC
396
1, 2, 3
Point Labatt
SA
393
3, 5
Stockyard Plain
SA
387
3, 5
Cardross Lakes
VIC
293
1, 3, 5
Spectacle Lakes
SA
285
1, 2, 3
The Coorong, Lake Alexandrina & Lake Albert
SA
265
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Pink Lakes
VIC
256
1, 6
Lake Ranfurly
VIC
219
3, 4
Lower Murray Swamps
SA
187
1, 2, 3
Innes Salt Lakes
SA
166
1
Swan Reach Wetland Complex
SA
151
1, 2, 3
Big Swamp
SA
142
1, 3
Native Hen Lagoon
SA
117
1
Point Davenport
SA
116
1, 3, 5
Lake Cowal/Wilbertroy Wetlands
NSW
105
1, 2, 3
Pink Lake (Lochiel)
VIC
80
1,
Irwin Flat
SA
57
1, 3
Poocher & Mundulla Swamps
SA
53
2, 6
Pillie Lake
SA
37
1
Gum Flat
SA
22
1
Murray Bridge Army Training Area Wetlands
SA
20
3, 5
Marne River Mouth
SA
19
1, 2, 3
Heywoods Lake
VIC
15
6
Lake Bael Bael
VIC
6
1, 2, 3
Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:
1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.
2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major
wetland system/complex.
3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or
provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail.
4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.
5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or
vulnerable at the national level.
6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.
Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more
information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directoryimportant-wetlands-australia-third-edition
World and National Heritage
HERITAGE VALUES
WORLD OR NATIONAL
HERITAGE
TYPE
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
% OF
ZONE
Willandra Lakes Region
World and National Heritage
Natural,
Cultural
NSW
239,184
0.73
Ediacara Fossil Site
National
Natural
SA
169,061
0.52
The Adelaide Park Lands
and City Layout
National
Historic
SA
200
0.00
Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these
heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australianheritage-database
For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage
Major National Reserve System properties
MAJOR NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROPERTIES
Name
Property type
IUCN
category
Jurisdiction
Hectares
% of zone
Murray – Sunset
National Park
II
VIC
665,530
2.04
Wyperfeld
National Park
II
VIC
360,254
1.10
Ngarkat
Conservation Park
IA
SA
239,836
0.73
Danggali
Wilderness Protection Area
IB
SA
203,700
0.62
Big Desert
Wilderness Park
IB
VIC
140,997
0.43
Sunset
Wilderness Zone –
Schedule 5, National Parks Act
IB
VIC
127,914
0.39
Pinkawillinie
Conservation Park
VI
SA
123,766
0.38
Mungo
National Park
II
NSW
122,709
0.38
Yathong
Nature Reserve
IA
NSW
108,393
0.33
Vulkathunha – Gammon
Ranges
National Park
II
SA
106,898
0.33
Taylorville Station
National Reserve
System Program
IV
SA
94,146
0.29
Flinders Ranges
National Park
II
SA
93,839
0.29
Chowilla
Regional Reserve
VI
SA
75,523
0.23
Nombinnie
Nature Reserve
IA
NSW
71,041
0.22
Hincks
Wilderness Protection Area
IB
SA
66,913
0.20
Scotia Sanctuary
National Reserve
System Program
IV
NSW
64,695
0.20
Billiatt
Wilderness Protection Area
IB
SA
59,255
0.18
Nantawarrina
Indigenous Protected Area
III
SA
58,348
0.18
Mallee Cliffs
National Park
IA
NSW
58,118
0.18
Unnamed (No.HA1196)
Heritage Agreement
III
SA
54,331
0.17
Danggali
Conservation Park
IA
SA
48,626
0.15
THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Ia Strict Nature Reserve
IUCN protected area management categories classify
protected areas according to their management
objectives. The categories are recognised by international
bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by
many national governments, including the Australian
Government, as the global standard for defining and
recording protected areas.
Ib Wilderness Area
II National Park
III Natural Monument or Feature
IV Habitat/Species Management Area
V Protected Landscape/ Seascape
VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources
Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation:
http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/
For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system
Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities
THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
Name
Listing status
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Eyre Peninsula Blue Gum
(Eucalyptus petiolaris) Woodland
Endangered
100
0.009
Iron-grass Natural Temperate Grassland of South
Australia
Critically
Endangered
98.19
0.421
Peppermint Box (Eucalyptus odorata)
Grassy Woodland of South Australia
Critically
Endangered
92.95
0.349
Buloke Woodlands of the Riverina and Murray-Darling
Depression Bioregions
Endangered
76.01
0.048
Swamps of the Fleurieu Peninsula
Critically
Endangered
6.79
0.0003
Natural Grasslands of the Murray Valley Plains
Critically
Endangered
4.31
0.031
Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands
and Derived Native Grasslands of South-eastern
Australia
Endangered
1.06
0.056
Seasonal Herbaceous Wetlands (Freshwater) of the
Temperate Lowland Plains
Critically
Endangered
0.5
0.001
The community of native species dependent on
natural discharge of groundwater from the Great
Artesian Basin
Endangered
0.4
0.014
White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy
Woodland and Derived Native Grassland
Critically
Endangered
0.3
0.021
* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution
of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community
is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that
the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone.
Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone
in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may
be to find within the zone.
The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For
more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species
THREATENED MAMMALS
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Southern Brown Bandicoot (Nuyts Archipelago)
Isoodon obesulus nauticus
Vulnerable
99.84
0.0035
Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby (SA and NSW)
Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus
Vulnerable
67.87
5.2393
Wopilkara, Greater Stick-nest Rat
Leporillus conditor
Vulnerable
35.69
0.0144
Sandhill Dunnart
Sminthopsis psammophila
Endangered
15.58
4.8284
Dusky Hopping-mouse, Wilkiniti
Notomys fuscus
Vulnerable
5.03
0.0074
Woylie
Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi
Endangered
2.21
0.0503
Koala (combined populations of Queensland, New
South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory)
Phascolarctos cinereus
(combined populations of QLD,
NSW and the ACT)
Vulnerable
0.07
0.0885
Greater Bilby
Macrotis lagotis
Vulnerable
0.04
0.2242
South-eastern Long-eared Bat
Nyctophilus corbeni
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
Plains Rat, Palyoora
Pseudomys australis
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
Southern Brown Bandicoot (Eastern)
Isoodon obesulus obesulus
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
Australian Sea-lion
Neophoca cinerea
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Blue Whale
Balaenoptera musculus
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Humpback Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Southern Right Whale
Eubalaena australis
Endangered
n/a
n/a
THREATENED BIRDS
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Southern Emu-wren (Eyre Peninsula)
Stipiturus malachurus parimeda
Vulnerable
99.99
1.03
Black-eared Miner
Manorina melanotis
Endangered
99.96
5.56
Red-lored Whistler
Pachycephala rufogularis
Vulnerable
98.8
8.27
Mallee Emu-wren
Stipiturus mallee
Endangered
98.47
4.27
Regent Parrot (eastern)
Polytelis anthopeplus
monarchoides
Vulnerable
96.46
24.03
Western Whipbird (eastern)
Psophodes nigrogularis
leucogaster
Vulnerable
78.58
5.16
Malleefowl
Leipoa ocellata
Vulnerable
27.89
77.14
Australian Fairy Tern
Sternula nereis nereis
Vulnerable
15.93
2.81
Thick-billed Grasswren
Amytornis modestus
Vulnerable
12.48
8.45
THREATENED BIRDS
Plains-wanderer
Pedionomus torquatus
Vulnerable
9.91
2.16
Slender-billed Thornbill (western)
Acanthiza iredalei iredalei
Vulnerable
7.98
13.49
Australian Painted Snipe
Rostratula australis
Endangered
4
2.39
Australasian Bittern
Botaurus poiciloptilus
Endangered
3.38
3.84
Southern Emu-wren (Fleurieu Peninsula), Mount
Lofty Southern Emu-wren
Stipiturus malachurus
intermedius
Endangered
1.39
0.00
Spotted Quail-thrush (Mt Lofty Ranges)
Cinclosoma punctatum
anachoreta
Critically
Endangered
1.23
0.00
Swift Parrot
Lathamus discolor
Endangered
0.94
0.52
Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (south-eastern)
Calyptorhynchus banksii
graptogyne
Endangered
0.37
0.02
Orange-bellied Parrot
Neophema chrysogaster
Critically
Endangered
0.29
0.06
Superb Parrot
Polytelis swainsonii
Vulnerable
0.07
0.03
Regent Honeyeater
Anthochaera phrygia
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
Southern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora
epomophora
Vulnerable
0.01
0.12
Northern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora sanfordi
Endangered
0.01
0.12
Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross
Thalassarche cauta cauta
Vulnerable
0.01
0.12
White-capped Albatross
Thalassarche cauta steadi
Vulnerable
0.01
0.12
Tristan Albatross
Diomedea exulans exulans
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Soft-plumaged Petrel
Pterodroma mollis
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Wandering Albatross
Diomedea exulans (sensu lato)
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Blue Petrel
Halobaena caerulea
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Southern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes giganteus
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Campbell Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
impavida
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Northern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes halli
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Antipodean Albatross
Diomedea exulans antipodensis
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Black-browed Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species
that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
THREATENED REPTILES
Common Name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Krefft’s Tiger Snake (Flinders Ranges)
Notechis scutatus ater
Vulnerable
100
0.21
Pygmy Blue-tongue Lizard, Adelaide Bluetongue Lizard
Tiliqua adelaidensis
Endangered
98.71
0.79
Flinders Ranges Worm-lizard
Aprasia pseudopulchella
Vulnerable
96.72
5.48
THREATENED REPTILES
Striped Legless Lizard
Delma impar
Vulnerable
0.62
0.12
Pink-tailed Worm-lizard,
Pink-tailed Legless Lizard
Aprasia parapulchella
Vulnerable
0.03
0.00
Green Turtle
Chelonia mydas
Vulnerable
0.01
0.16
Loggerhead Turtle
Caretta caretta
Endangered
0.01
0.16
Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth
Dermochelys coriacea
Endangered
0.01
0.16
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Flinders Ranges Mogurnda, Flinders Ranges
Purple-spotted Gudgeon
Mogurnda clivicola
Vulnerable
100
0.06
Murray Hardyhead
Craterocephalus fluviatilis
Endangered
64
2.31
Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Frog, Green
and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog
Litoria raniformis
Vulnerable
8.58
5.72
Golden Sun Moth
Synemon plana
Critically
Endangered
5.41
0.02
Macquarie Perch
Macquaria australasica
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
Murray Cod
Maccullochella peelii
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
Great White Shark
Carcharodon carcharias
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
School Shark, Eastern School Shark, Snapper
Shark, Tope, Soupfin Shark
Galeorhinus galeus
Conservation
Dependent
n/a
n/a
Southern Bluefin Tuna
Thunnus maccoyii
Conservation
Dependent
n/a
n/a
Common Name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Halbury Greenhood
Pterostylis sp. Halbury
(R.Bates 8425)
Endangered
100
0.38
Prickly Raspwort
Haloragis eyreana
Endangered
100
0.07
Spiny Everlasting, Spiny Daisy
Acanthocladium dockeri
Critically
Endangered
100
0.08
Spalding Blown Grass, Spalding Blowngrass
Lachnagrostis limitanea
Endangered
100
0.04
Spiller’s Wattle
Acacia spilleriana
Endangered
100
0.10
Goldsack’s Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum goldsackii
Endangered
100
0.03
Tufted Bush-pea
Pultenaea trichophylla
Endangered
100
0.35
Ghost Spider-orchid
Caladenia intuta
Critically
Endangered
100
0.01
Chalky Wattle
Acacia cretacea
Endangered
100
0.01
Silver Candles
Pleuropappus phyllocalymmeus
Vulnerable
99.95
0.16
Annual Stackhousia, Annual Candles
Stackhousia annua
Vulnerable
99.94
0.35
Woolcock’s Spider-orchid
Caladenia woolcockiorum
Vulnerable
99.93
0.09
OTHER THREATENED FAUNA
THREATENED FLORA
THREATENED FLORA
West Coast Mintbush, Limestone Mintbush, Red
Mintbush
Prostanthera calycina
Vulnerable
99.91
0.98
White Rabbits, Flinders Ranges White
Caladenia
Caladenia xantholeuca
Endangered
99.87
0.08
Winter Spider-orchid
Caladenia brumalis
Vulnerable
99.86
0.94
Spidery Wattle, Balcanoona Wattle
Acacia araneosa
Vulnerable
99.18
0.15
Fat-leaved Wattle
Acacia pinguifolia
Endangered
97.31
0.74
Sturdy Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum validum
Vulnerable
95.9
0.14
Peep Hill Hop-bush
Dodonaea subglandulifera
Endangered
95.81
0.57
Lowan Phebalium
Phebalium lowanense
Vulnerable
95.8
1.43
Nodding Rufoushood
Pterostylis sp. Eyre Peninsula
(R.Bates 19474)
Vulnerable
94.35
0.31
Superb Groundsel
Senecio megaglossus
Vulnerable
92.73
0.73
Neat Wattle, Resin Wattle (SA)
Acacia rhetinocarpa
Vulnerable
87.08
1.14
Jumping-jack Wattle
Acacia enterocarpa
Endangered
86.99
2.27
Hale Dwarf Greenhood
Pterostylis sp. Hale (R.Bates
21725)
Endangered
85.83
0.27
Menzel’s Wattle
Acacia menzelii
Vulnerable
85.31
2.51
Whibley Wattle
Acacia whibleyana
Endangered
80.22
0.03
Yellow Swainson-pea
Swainsona pyrophila
Vulnerable
80.18
23.08
Bayonet Spider-orchid, Clubbed Spider-orchid
Caladenia gladiolata
Endangered
79.32
0.32
None
Frankenia plicata
Endangered
76.54
5.07
Slender Bell-fruit, Camel Poison
Codonocarpus pyramidalis
Vulnerable
76.2
12.75
None
Atriplex infrequens
Vulnerable
74.91
0.02
Hairy-pod Wattle
Acacia glandulicarpa
Vulnerable
69.59
1.64
Silver Daisy-bush
Olearia pannosa
subsp. pannosa
Vulnerable
67.36
3.05
Greencomb Spider-orchid, Rigid Spider-orchid
Caladenia tensa
Endangered
66.12
21.49
Menindee Nightshade
Solanum karsense
Vulnerable
65.69
6.51
Pale Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum pallidum
Vulnerable
64.9
2.32
Moore’s Burr-daisy
Calotis moorei
Endangered
60.07
0.02
Bead Glasswort
Tecticornia flabelliformis
Vulnerable
54.95
0.17
Wimmera Spider-orchid
Caladenia lowanensis
Endangered
52.48
0.02
Coast Spider-orchid
Caladenia conferta
Endangered
50.63
0.01
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species
that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
(EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.
Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a
significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer
to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats
Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Common name
Scientific name
Antipodean Albatross
Diomedea antipodensis
Bar-tailed Godwit
Limosa lapponica
Black-browed Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
Black-tailed Godwit
Limosa limosa
Broad-billed Sandpiper
Limicola falcinellus
Campbell Albatross
Thalassarche impavida
Caspian Tern
Sterna caspia
Cattle Egret
Ardea ibis
Common Greenshank,
Greenshank
Tringa nebularia
Common Sandpiper
Actitis hypoleucos
Curlew Sandpiper
Calidris ferruginea
Double-banded Plover
Charadrius bicinctus
Eastern Curlew
Numenius madagascariensis
Flesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater
Puffinus carneipes
Fork-tailed Swift
Apus pacificus
Great Egret,
White Egret
Ardea alba
Great Knot
Calidris tenuirostris
Greater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover
Charadrius leschenaultii
Grey Plover
Pluvialis squatarola
Grey-tailed Tattler
Heteroscelus brevipes
Latham’s Snipe,
Japanese Snipe
Gallinago hardwickii
Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover
Charadrius mongolus
Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel
Numenius minutus
Little Tern
Sterna albifrons
Malleefowl
Leipoa ocellata
Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank
Tringa stagnatilis
Northern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes halli
Northern Royal
Albatross
Diomedea sanfordi
Oriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel
Charadrius veredus
Pacific Golden Plover
Pluvialis fulva
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Painted Snipe
Rostratula benghalensis
(sensu lato)
Rainbow Bee-eater
Merops ornatus
Red Knot, Knot
Calidris canutus
Red-necked Stint
Calidris ruficollis
Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (south-eastern)
Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne
Regent Honeyeater
Xanthomyza phrygia
Ruddy Turnstone
Arenaria interpres
Rufous Fantail
Rhipidura rufifrons
Sanderling
Calidris alba
Satin Flycatcher
Myiagra cyanoleuca
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
Calidris acuminata
Short-tailed Shearwater
Puffinus tenuirostris
Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross
Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)
Southern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes giganteus
Southern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)
Terek Sandpiper
Xenus cinereus
Tristan Albatross
Diomedea dabbenena
Wandering Albatross
Diomedea exulans
(sensu lato)
Wedge-tailed
Shearwater
Puffinus pacificus
Whimbrel
Numenius phaeopus
White-bellied
Sea-Eagle
Haliaeetus leucogaster
White-capped
Albatross
Thalassarche steadi
White-throated
Needletail
Hirundapus caudacutus
Wood Sandpiper
Tringa glareola
OTHER MIGRATORY SPECIES
Common name
Scientific name
Humpback Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae
Southern Right Whale
Eubalaena australis
Green Turtle
Chelonia mydas
Loggerhead Turtle
Caretta caretta
Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth
Dermochelys coriacea
Bryde’s Whale
Balaenoptera edeni
Pygmy Right Whale
Caperea marginata
Dusky Dolphin
Lagenorhynchus obscurus
OTHER MIGRATORY SPECIES
Killer Whale, Orca
Orcinus orca
Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark
Lamna nasus
Blue Whale
Balaenoptera musculus
Great White Shark
Carcharodon carcharias
For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species
Threatened endemic species
THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES
Taxonomic
group
Scientific name
Reservation status
EPBC Act status
IUCN status
Mammals
Lagorchestes leporides
Recorded in reserves
Extinct
Extinct
Molluscs
Glyptorhagada euglypta
Not recorded
in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Molluscs
Glyptorhagada janaslini
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Molluscs
Glyptorhagada silveri
Not recorded
in reserves
n/a
Endangered
Molluscs
Glyptorhagada tattawuppana
Not recorded
in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Molluscs
Lacustrelix yerelinana
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Molluscs
Pleuroxia italowiana
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Plants
Caladenia macroclavia
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Caladenia woolcockiorum
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Caladenia xantholeuca
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Pterostylis lepida
Not recorded
in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Pterostylis mirabilis
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Acanthocladium dockeri
Not recorded
in reserves
Critically
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Pleuropappus phyllocalymmeus
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Senecio megaglossus
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Acacia araneosa
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Acacia praemorsa
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Acacia spilleriana
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Acacia whibleyana
Not recorded
in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Swainsona pyrophila
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Lachnagrostis limitanea
Not recorded
in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Haloragis eyreana
Not recorded
in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Reptiles
Tiliqua adelaidensis
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
Endangered
Concentrations of unreserved endemic species
The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their
known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be
useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts.
Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural
Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records
held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more
information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australiannatural-heritage-assessment-tool
Invasive species
INVASIVE MAMMALS
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat
Felis catus
4.25
99.94
Red Fox, Fox
Vulpes vulpes
5.29
99.92
Rabbit, European Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
5.91
99.08
Goat
Capra hircus
12.77
83.85
House Mouse
Mus musculus
7.5
81.67
Brown Hare
Lepus capensis
12.94
39.40
Pig
Sus scrofa
3.36
36.21
Domestic Cattle
Bos taurus
4.5
23.48
Black Rat, Ship Rat
Rattus rattus
6.57
22.39
Domestic Dog
Canis lupus familiaris
2.87
21.94
Donkey, Ass
Equus asinus
0.68
2.52
Feral deer species in Australia
n/a
1.85
2.18
Dromedary, Camel
Camelus dromedarius
0.14
1.42
Brown Rat, Norway Rat
Rattus norvegicus
2.41
1.40
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Common Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
14.8
97.86
House Sparrow
Passer domesticus
10.76
97.45
Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon
Columba livia
10.47
81.72
Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird
Turdus merula
24.14
67.71
European Goldfinch
Carduelis carduelis
20.11
55.22
Skylark
Alauda arvensis
23.09
45.65
Spotted Turtle-Dove
Streptopelia chinensis
10.96
27.98
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
11.48
24.89
Common Myna, Indian Myna
Acridotheres tristis
2.13
3.37
Eurasian Tree Sparrow
Passer montanus
1.47
1.25
Red-whiskered Bulbul
Pycnonotus jocosus
2.86
0.70
European Greenfinch
Carduelis chloris
0.57
0.34
Ostrich
Struthio camelus
27.94
0.22
OTHER INVASIVE FAUNA
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
INVASIVE FLORA
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax,
Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus
Asparagus asparagoides
20.18
50.74
African Boxthorn, Boxthorn
Lycium ferocissimum
23.25
37.48
Boneseed
Chrysanthemoides monilifera
subsp. monilifera
30.11
29.34
Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk,
Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarisk, Flowering
Cypress, Salt Cedar
Tamarix aphylla
9.96
21.54
Blackberry, European Blackberry
Rubus fruticosus aggregate
7.88
20.11
Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White
Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato
Weed, White Nightshade,
Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry,
Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple,
Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo
Solanum elaeagnifolium
40.01
18.31
Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and
Sterile Pussy Willow
Salix spp. except
S.babylonica, S.x calodendron
& S.x reichardtii
8.54
17.24
Ward’s Weed
Carrichtera annua
11.75
15.22
Prickly Pears
Opuntia spp.
12.51
14.55
Gorse, Furze
Ulex europaeus
7.98
9.73
Mesquite, Algaroba
Prosopis spp.
3.02
5.48
Prickly Pears
Cylindropuntia spp.
20.26
3.90
Olive, Common Olive
Olea europaea
77.47
3.16
Broom
Genista sp. X Genista
monspessulana
77.47
3.16
Prickly Pears
Austrocylindropuntia spp.
50.76
1.92
Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Jelly Bean Tree,
Horse Bean
Parkinsonia aculeata
0.32
1.56
Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom,
Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom
Genista monspessulana
2.32
1.06
Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common
Broom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom
Cytisus scoparius
1.19
0.87
Bridal Veil, Bridal Veil Creeper,
Pale Berry Asparagus Fern,
Asparagus Fern, South African Creeper
Asparagus declinatus
43.14
0.76
Chilean Needle grass
Nassella neesiana
0.68
0.55
Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Broom, Flax
Broom
Genista linifolia
4.31
0.54
Climbing Asparagus-fern
Asparagus plumosus
3.55
0.35
Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus
Protasparagus plumosus
3.55
0.35
Bitou Bush
Chrysanthemoides monilifera
subsp. rotundata
1.51
0.31
Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily
Eichhornia crassipes
1.07
0.31
Fireweed, Madagascar Ragwort, Madagascar
Groundsel
Senecio madagascariensis
0.4
0.18
Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine,
Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine,
Anredera cordifolia
0.42
0.12
INVASIVE FLORA
Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine
Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass
Cenchrus ciliaris
0.31
3.29
Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish
Grass, Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina
Fanwort, Common Cabomba
Cabomba caroliniana
2.09
0.66
Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana,
Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red
Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage,
White Sage, Wild Sage
Lantana camara
0.15
0.22
Serrated Tussock, Yass River Tussock,
Yass Tussock, Nassella Tussock (NZ)
Nassella trichotoma
0.11
0.10
Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead
Sagittaria platyphylla
0.16
0.04
Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern
Asparagus scandens
0.03
0.00
Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern,
Sprengi’s Fern, Bushy Asparagus, Emerald
Asparagus
Asparagus aethiopicus
0.02
0.00
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the
species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**)
indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.
For more information on invasive species please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations
Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from
the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and
NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.
The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological
Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of
management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring
and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.
Mallee with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile
1.43% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus socialis; Eucalyptus dumosa; Eucalyptus odorata; Eucalyptus porosa; Eucalyptus leptophylla;
Allocasuarina verticillata; Eucalyptus behriana; Enchylaena tomentosa; Melaleuca lanceolata; Rhagodia
spinescens; Austrodanthonia caespitosa; Austrostipa eremophila; Austrodanthonia setacea; Austrostipa scabra;
Hordeum leporinum; tussock grass; forb; samphire shrub.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Protect against
dryland salinity by
maintaining and
replanting native
vegetation.
Exclude stock
from remnants to
enable
recruitment and
regeneration of
over and understorey species.
Undertake
restoration where
there are few
mature overstorey
species or lack of
suitable sites for
seed germination.
Manage native
grazing animals
Create
windbreaks with
mallee species to
reduce the
impacts of soil
erosion.
Choose mallee
species that occur
in remnants on
similar soils and
slope aspect.
Replicate the
Actively manage
weeds when
undertaking
restoration
activities to
ensure weeds do
not compete for
soil moisture with
vulnerable native
replantings.
Manage exotic
herbivore species
including goats,
sheep, rabbits
especially near
habitat for wildlife
such as
Malleefowl.
Reduce tillage in
zones around
remnants.
relative
abundance of
species.
Apply herbicides
to actively growing
weeds and avoid
spray drift.
suitable control for
goats, wallabies,
goats, deer, hares
and foxes. Baiting
is appropriate for
rabbits, hares and
foxes.
Close or fence
artificial sources
of water in
conservation
reserves as these
may attract feral
species and
trampling.
Protect, and
where
appropriate, fence
important wildlife
habitat including
for Malleefowl.
Avoid creating
new access tracks
and roads through
Encourage uptake remnants.
of conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land
Manage wildlife
corridors between
remnant patches.
Create buffer
zones around
remnants by
revegetating
previously cleared
lands with mallee
and ground storey
species.
Reduce the
occurrence of
large fires, and
use mosaic
burning
techniques.
Minimise the
amount of grain
spilt during
transport through
Ensure mosaic
Malleefowl
burns are targeted habitat.
at different age
Erect signs where
classes of
needed to warn
vegetation, to
drivers that
ensure age
Malleefowl may
diversity between be on the road.
and within
remnant patches.
Discourage
broadscale
burning for
agricultural
purposes in areas
that harbour
Malleefowl.
Avoid clearing
roadsides for
firebreaks.
Control foxes and
rabbits
A 1-metre radius
simultaneously to
weed free buffer
avoid foxes
should be
switching to
maintained
predation on
around native
native species, or
woody plants. Use increases in rabbit
spot control to
populations.
maintain this.
Shooting is a
Do not leave
areas of bare
ground to avoid
wind and water
erosion of soils.
Retain some
weed cover and
stagger removal
and replacement
with native
grasses.
Monitor for Redlegged earth
mites. Populations
should be
managed with a
soil active
insecticide.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Saltbush and/or Bluebush shrublands vegetation profile
95.5% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Atriplex vesicaria; Atriplex paludosa; Nitraria billardierei; Maireana sedifolia; Maireana pyramidata; Maireana
astrotricha; Maireana oppositifolia; Rhagodia spinescens; Frankenia sessilis; shrub; tussock grass; forb.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
Establish pestproof fencing
around
key refugia.
Avoid continuous
or heavy grazing
to allow saltbush
to regenerate and
seed.
Promote wise
water use to
avoid
changes to
water flow/water
table levels that
could impact on
aquifers and
overland flow.
Experiment with
different saltbush
species for
livestock forage,
and implement
strategic grazing
regimes to
maximise both
production yields
and biodiversity
benefits.
Refer to
http://www.mallee
cma.vic.gov.au/re
sources/factsheets/enrichfs.pdf
to explore the
benefits of
different grazing
regimes and
saltbush species.
REHABILITATION
FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Undertake
intensive
management of
identified key
refugia and
wildlife habitats.
Actively manage
weeds when
undertaking
restoration
activities to
ensure weeds do
not compete for
soil moisture with
vulnerable native
replantings.
Target rabbits,
foxes and cats in
key refugia and
habitats.
Maintain dingo
populations to
control exotic
pests.
Re-introduce
engineer species
(e.g. bilbies and
bettongs) where
feral animal
controls are in
place and
effective.
Manage native
grazing pressure
(e.g. from
kangaroos).
Manage foxes and
rabbits
simultaneously to
prevent foxes
switching to
predation on
Apply herbicides
native species, or
to actively growing increases in rabbit
weeds and avoid
populations.
spray drift.
Do not leave
areas of bare
ground to avoid
wind and water
erosion of soils.
Retain some
weed cover and
stagger removal
and replacement
with native
grasses.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Mallee with a dense shrubby understorey vegetation profile
96.79% remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus diversifolia; Eucalyptus porosa; Eucalyptus costata subsp. Murrayana; Eucalyptus brachycalyx;
Eucalyptus socialis; Eucalyptus gracilis; Eucalyptus oleosa; Eucalyptus incrassata; Eucalyptus leptophylla;
Eucalyptus dumosa; Melaleuca uncinata; Melaleuca lanceolata; Melaleuca acuminata; Sclerolaena diacantha;
Enchylaena tomentosa; Rhagodia parabolica; shrub; tussock grass; forb.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION
FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Protect against
dryland salinity
by maintaining
and replanting
native
vegetation.
Exclude stock
from remnants to
enable recruitment
and regeneration
of over and understorey species.
Reduce the
occurrence of
large fires, and
use mosaic
burning
techniques.
Manage native
grazing animals.
Close or fence
artificial sources
of water in
conservation
reserves.
Create
windbreaks with
mallee species to
reduce the
impacts of soil
erosion.
Undertake
restoration where
there are few mature
overstorey species
or lack of suitable
sites for seed
germination.
Actively manage
weeds when
undertaking
restoration
activities to
ensure weeds do
not compete for
soil moisture with
vulnerable native
replantings.
A 1-metre radius
weed free buffer
should be
maintained
around native
woody plants. Use
spot control to
maintain this.
Apply herbicides
to actively growing
weeds and avoid
spray drift.
Do not leave
areas of bare
ground to avoid
wind and water
erosion of soils.
Retain some
weed cover and
stagger removal
and replacement
with native
grasses.
Manage exotic
herbivore species
including goats,
sheep, rabbits
especially near
habitat for wildlife
such as
Malleefowl.
Protect, and
where
appropriate
fence important
wildlife habitat
including for
Malleefowl.
Encourage
uptake of
conservation
agreements and
covenants.
Reduce tillage in
zones around
remnants.
Avoid creating
new access tracks
and roads through
remnants.
Choose mallee
species that occur in
remnants on similar
soils and slope
aspect. Replicate
the relative
abundance of
species.
Minimise the
amount of grain
spilt during
transport through
Ensure mosaic
Malleefowl
burns are targeted habitat, as
at different age
foraging close to
classes of
roadsides leaves
vegetation, to
them susceptible
ensure age
to collisions with
diversity between vehicles.
and within
Erect signs where
remnant patches. needed to warn
Manage wildlife
corridors between
remnant patches.
Avoid clearing
roadsides for
firebreaks.
Create buffer zones
around remnants by
revegetating
previously cleared
lands with mallee
and ground storey
species.
Discourage
broadscale
burning for
agricultural
purposes in lands
near Malleefowl
habitat.
drivers that
Malleefowl may
be on the road.
Control foxes and
rabbits
simultaneously to
avoid foxes
switching to
predation on
native species, or
increases in rabbit
populations.
Shooting is a
suitable control for
goats, wallabies,
goats, deer, hares
and foxes. Baiting
is appropriate for
rabbits, hares and
foxes.
Monitor for Redlegged earth
mites. Populations
should be
managed with a
soil active
insecticide.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Mallee with hummock grass vegetation profile
79.8% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus socialis; Eucalyptus dumosa; Eucalyptus porosa; Callitris glaucophylla; Eucalyptus gracilis; Myoporum
platycarpum; Eucalyptus leptophylla; Acacia wilhelmiana; Callitris verrucosa; Leptospermum coriaceum; Acacia
ligulata; Triodia scariosa; Rhagodia spinescens; Senna artemisioides ssp. Coriacea; Dodonaea viscosa ssp.
angustissima; Halgania cyanea; Brachyloma ericoides; Beyeria opaca; Westringia rigida; Grevillea huegelii;
hummock grass; shrub.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
Protect against
dryland salinity by
maintaining and
replanting native
vegetation.
Exclude stock
from remnants to
enable
recruitment and
regeneration of
over and
under-storey
species.
Undertake
restoration where
there are few
mature overstorey
species or lack of
suitable sites for
seed germination.
Manage native
grazing animals.
Close or fence
artificial sources
of water in
conservation
reserves as these
may attract feral
species
and trampling.
Protect, and
where
appropriate, fence
important wildlife
habitat including
for Malleefowl.
Encourage uptake
of conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land.
Reduce the
occurrence of
large fires, and
use mosaic
burning
techniques.
WEED
MANAGEMENT
Actively manage
weeds when
undertaking
Minimise the
restoration
amount of grain
activities to
spilt during
ensure weeds do
transport through
Ensure mosaic
areas that harbour not compete for
soil moisture with
Choose mallee
burns are targeted Malleefowl.
vulnerable native
Create
species that occur at different age
Erect signs where replantings.
windbreaks
in remnants on
classes of
needed to warn
with mallee
similar soils and
vegetation, to
Apply herbicides
drivers that
species to reduce slope aspect.
ensure age
to actively growing
Malleefowl
the impacts of
Replicate the
diversity between may be on
weeds and avoid
soil erosion.
relative abundance and within
spray drift.
the road.
of species.
remnant patches.
Reduce tillage in
Avoid wind and
zones around
Manage wildlife
Discourage broadwater erosion of
remnants.
corridors between scale burning for
soils. Retain some
remnant patches.
agricultural
weed cover and
Avoid creating
purposes in areas
stagger removal
new access tracks Create buffer
that harbour
and replacement
and roads through zones around
Malleefowl.
with native
remnants.
remnants by
grasses.
Avoid clearing
revegetating
previously cleared roadsides for
lands with mallee
firebreaks.
and ground
Discourage broadstorey species.
scale burning for
agricultural
purposes in areas
that harbour
Malleefowl.
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Manage exotic
herbivore species
including goats,
sheep, rabbits
especially near
habitat for wildlife
such
as Malleefowl.
Control foxes and
rabbits
simultaneously to
avoid foxes
switching to
predation on
native species, or
increases in rabbit
populations.
Shooting is a
suitable control for
goats, wallabies,
goats, deer, hares
and foxes. Baiting
is appropriate for
rabbits, hares
and foxes.
Monitor for Redlegged earth
mites. Populations
should be
managed with a
soil active
insecticide.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Casuarina and Allocasuarina open woodlands with a shrubby understorey
vegetation profile
98.16% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Casuarina pauper; Alectryon oleifolius ssp. Canescens; Callitris gracilis; Olearia decurrens; Senna artemisioides
ssp. Coriacea; Senna artemisioides ssp. Petiolaris; Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia; Alyxia buxifolia; Geijera
linearifolia; Maireana sedifolia; Enchylaena tomentosa; Enchylaena tomentosa var.,Maireana georgei/turbinata;
shrub.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Purchase
threatened
ecological
communities,
such as Buloke
woodlands into
reservation.
Manage grazing
pressure in
remnants with an
intact, native
ground layer.
In-plant woody
species where
regeneration does
not naturally occur.
Manage
populations
of kangaroos.
Manage Avena
species,
Brachypodium
distachyon,
Bromus species,
Lolium species,
Medicago
species, Poa
bulbosa and
Trifolium species.
Manage exotic
herbivore species
including goats,
sheep, rabbits
especially near
habitat for wildlife
such as
Malleefowl.
Encourage uptake
of conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land.
Encourage wise
water use and
avoid changes to
water table levels.
Retain standing
dead trees and
fallen timber.
Exclude stock
from remnants or
areas with
scattered trees for
a few years to
allow
regeneration, then
protect the young
trees if stock need
to be reintroduced.
Establish buffers
of indigenous
shrubs around all
small reserves, to
reduce fertilizer
drift and accretion
of aeolian soils in
overlying loam.
Avoid fertiliser
and herbicide
application.
Replicate the
species
composition and
density of good
quality remnants
(an open canopy
of trees; open tall
shrubs or small
trees; and a
number of lower
strata, including a
dense grassy
layer).
As far as possible,
restore natural
infrequent
environmental
flows along the
Wimmera River
and River Murray.
These floodwaters
provide infrequent,
but essential
inundation and soil
moisture levels to
enable seed
germination.
Fires of very low
intensity may
have been
important in
maintaining the
open nature and
the grassiness of
Buloke
Woodlands.
It is suspected
that lack of fire, in
association with
removal of
grazing, has led to
increased woody
species in the
lower strata of
otherwise good
quality remnants.
Canopy tree
regeneration is
unlikely after
severe wildfire. In
the event of
wildfire,
revegetation of
overstorey
species may be
necessary.
Control foxes and
rabbits
simultaneously to
avoid foxes
switching to
predation on
native species, or
increases in rabbit
populations.
Protect
rehabilitation sites
from incursions of
feral species
through fencing.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Mallee with an open shrubby understorey vegetation profile
57.63% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus diversifolia; Eucalyptus dumosa; Eucalyptus socialis; Eucalyptus oleosa; Eucalyptus gracilis; Rhagodia
parabolica; Melaleuca uncinata; Melaleuca lanceolata; Melaleuca acuminata; Pittosporum angustifolium; Nitraria
billardierei; Maireana pyramidata; Santalum acuminatum; Exocarpos aphyllus; Eremophila glabra; Triodia irritans;
Maireana pentatropis; Stenopetalum lineare; samphire shrub; forb; other grass; hummock grass.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Protect against
dryland salinity by
maintaining and
replanting native
vegetation.
Exclude stock
from remnants to
enable
regeneration of
over and understorey species.
Undertake
restoration where
there are few
mature overstorey
species or lack of
suitable sites for
seed germination.
Manage native
grazing animals.
Actively manage
weeds when
undertaking
restoration
activities to
ensure weeds do
not compete for
soil moisture with
vulnerable native
replantings.
Manage exotic
herbivore species
including goats,
sheep, rabbits.
Close or fence
artificial sources
of water in
conservation
reserves as these
may attract feral
species
and trampling.
Protect, and
where
appropriate, fence
important wildlife
habitat including
for Malleefowl.
Create
windbreaks with
mallee species to
reduce the
impacts of soil
erosion.
Reduce tillage in
zones around
remnants.
Choose mallee
species that occur
in remnants on
similar soils and
slope aspect.
Replicate the
relative
abundance
of species.
Avoid creating
new access tracks Manage wildlife
and roads through corridors between
remnant patches.
remnants.
Encourage uptake
Create buffer
of conservation
zones around
agreements and
remnants by
covenants on
revegetating
private land.
previously cleared
lands with mallee
and ground
storey species.
Reduce the
occurrence of
large fires, and
use mosaic
burning
techniques.
Minimise the
amount of grain
spilt during
transport through
Ensure mosaic
Malleefowl
burns are targeted habitat.
at different age
Erect signs where
classes of
needed to warn
vegetation, to
drivers that
ensure age
Malleefowl may
diversity between be on the road.
and within
remnant patches.
Discourage broadscale burning for
agricultural
purposes in areas
that harbour
Malleefowl.
Avoid clearing
roadsides for
firebreaks.
Protect
rehabilitation sites
from incursions of
feral species
through fencing.
Ensure rabbit
control is followed
by fox control to
avoid foxes
switching to
Avoid wind and
predation on
water erosion of
native species, or
soils. Retain some increases in rabbit
weed cover and
populations.
stagger removal
and replacement
with native
grasses.
Apply herbicides
to actively growing
weeds and avoid
spray drift.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT