AP European History
R.R. Palmer’s A History of the Modern World
Chapter 1: The Rise of Europe
CHAPTER OUTLINE
The Byzatine World, the Arabic World, and the West about 700
1. The Byzantine Empire
a. Other names
b. extent of empire
c. religion, culture, language
d. The Byzantine Emperor & Constantinople
2. The Arabic World
a. Extent of empire, religion & language
b. Muhammad
c. Allah
d. Qur’an
e. Main tenets
f. the Hegira
g. caliphs
h. Shiites
i. Sunnis
j. The Seal of the Prophets
k. Problems with Christianity
l. Arabic civilization & commerce
m. government
p. scientific/intellectual achivements
1 | AP Euro- Reading Outline to Palmer’s A History of the Modern World, Chapter 1
3. Latin Christendom
a. Potential in 700 A.D.?
b. government systems
4. Germanic customs
a. culture & language
b. economics
c. political organization
d. legal systems
e. local government only-why?
f. peasants
g. trade & economics
h. “Dark Ages”
The Church and the Rise of the Papacy
1. Role of the Church
2. Role of monasteries
a. abbot
3. Importance of Rome
a. effect of no emperor in the West on Bishop of Rome
b. different in the East (Byzantine Empire)- Caesaropapism
3. Papal authority
a. St. Peter
b. Donation of Constantine
4. Conversion of the Barbarians
a. Ulfilas
b. Clovis
c. Augustine of Canterbury
2 | AP Euro- Reading Outline to Palmer’s A History of the Modern World, Chapter 1
d. Western Europe by 700 A.D.
e. Spain-711
f. Battle of Tours-732
The Empire of Charlemagne, 800-814
1. The Franks
a. relationship with the Pope
2. 800 A.D.
3. Hopes of another Roman Empire
4. Charlemagne’s military campaigns
5. A united western Europe, but…
a. Aachen
6. Revival of learning
a. Latin
b. ancient manuscripts
c. economics/commerce
Ninth-Century Invasions, Europe by 1000
1. The Magyars
2. the Norse
3. Arabs
4. Christianity & 1000 A.D.
a. St. Stephen
b. Poland, Bohemia, Scandinavia
5. The Great Schism- 1054 A.D.
a. Bishop of Rome
b. Byzantine Emperor
3 | AP Euro- Reading Outline to Palmer’s A History of the Modern World, Chapter 1
c. Roman Catholic & Greek/Eastern Orthodox
d. Russia
6. Europe by 1000
THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES: SECULAR CIVILIZATION
Agriculture and the Feudal System after 1000
1. Cities
2. Population
3. Agriculture
a. invasions
b. heavy plow & horse collar
c. windmills
4. Slavery
5. Communications
6. Three-field system
7. Feudalism- what & why?
a. counts
b. lesser lords
c. lord & vassal relationship
d. lords’ obligations
e. vassals’ obligations
8. Spread of feudalism
a. Dukes
b. Kings
c. Capetian kings/dynasty
d. Holy Roman Empire
4 | AP Euro- Reading Outline to Palmer’s A History of the Modern World, Chapter 1
9. England
a. William, Duke of Normandy-1066
10. Feudalism contrasted with the old Roman imperial principle
11. The Manor
a. peasants/serfdom
b. duties of the Lord
c. duties of the peasants
12. Result of food surplus on some peasants
The Rise of Towns and Commerce
1. Cities- 9th, 10th centuries
2. Long-Distance Trade
a. Venice
b. Flanders
c. Merchants
d. craftsmen
3. By 1100
a. size of towns
4. Wishes of town merchants, craftsmen vs. feudal lords
a. north Italy, upper Danube & Rhine rivers, Flanders, Baltic sea coast
b. France & England
c. charters of liberties
5. League of Hanse (or the Hanseatic League)
6. Corporate liberties
a. rights of townsmen
7. Guilds
5 | AP Euro- Reading Outline to Palmer’s A History of the Modern World, Chapter 1
a. their public purpose
b. educational purpose
c. women
d. masters, apprentices, journeymen
e. guilds by 1300
f. protecting their own members
8. The medieval economy & competition
9. Towns & the decline of serfdom
a. result of clearing new lands
b. money
c. Western Europe by 15th century
The Growth of Monarchies and Government Institutions
1. Goal of kings
a. hereditary
b. Monarchy in the Holy Roman Empire
c. sheriffs & bailiffs
d. courts
2. Taxation
a. why?
b. kings power to tax?
c. the Magna Carta
3. Origins of Parliaments
a. role of vassals
b. growth of towns- the burgher class
c. various names
6 | AP Euro- Reading Outline to Palmer’s A History of the Modern World, Chapter 1
4. Why did kings summon them?
5. The Three Estates
a. first estate
b. second estate
c. third estate
6. England’s Parliament
a. House of Lords
b. House of Commons
c. result of House of Commons for England
d. commiting of constituents
THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES: THE CHURCH
1. Church’s importance in the High Middle Ages
The Development of the Medieval Church and Papacy
1. The Church in 1000
a. bishops
b. the clergy
c. Christian beliefs
d. concubines &/or marriage
e. the Pope
2. Reform efforts- the Holy Roman Empire
a. in theory…
b. the reality…
c. Italian peninsula & German states
3. Cluny & the Cluniacs
a. role of Rome
4. Pope Nicholas II’s decree of 1059
7 | AP Euro- Reading Outline to Palmer’s A History of the Modern World, Chapter 1
5. Pope Gregory VII
a. goals
b. celibacy
c. appointment of clergy by laymen
6. Lay Investiture
a. Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV
b. Gregory VII’s reaction
c. excommunication
7. the compromise
a. effects of dispute on Europe’s governments
8. Pope Innocent III
a. revenue & church bureaucracy
b. heresy
9. Council of 1215 (Fourth Lateran Council)
a. ordeals & trials by battle
b. relics
c. the sacraments-know them & their purpose
d. transubstantiation
Intellectual Life: The Universities, Scholasticism
1. The founding of universities
a. The three main schools or faculties of medieval universities
b. the degree
c. Latin
2. Theology
3. Arabic and Greek learning
a. Sicily & Spain
8 | AP Euro- Reading Outline to Palmer’s A History of the Modern World, Chapter 1
b. Jews
4. Aristotle
5. The problem of Aristotle for Christians
a. Scholastic philosophers
6. Thomas Aquinas
a. Summa Theologica
b. his goal
7. Scholasticism
The Crusades, New Invasions, Europe by 1300
1. The Crusades
2. Crusades to the Holy Land
3. Religious fervor
a. Jewish communities & Muslim populations
4. Effects of Crusades on Europeans
5. Holy Lands by 13th century
6. Other Crusades
a. the Normans
b. The Reconquista
c. Granada
d. the Albigensian Crusade
e. the Teutonic Knights
7. New Threats from Asia
a.
b.
8. The “rise” of Europe
9 | AP Euro- Reading Outline to Palmer’s A History of the Modern World, Chapter 1
a. Europe by 1300
9. China in 1300
a. Marco Polo
b. Cheng Ho
c. results of Chinese voyages?
10. The modern scientific and industrial world-why Europe and not China?
R.R. Palmer’s A History of the Modern World
Chapter 2: The Upheaval in Western Christendom, 1300-1560
CHAPTER OUTLINE
Introduction
1. secularization
a. Latin Christendom
b. today’s global civilization?
2. The Mongols
3. The Ottoman Turks
a. Battle of Kosovo
b. 1453
DISASTERS OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY
The Black Death and Its Consequences
1. Population- 1300 to 1400
a. famines
2. The Black Death
a. effects on towns
b. trade
3. Repercussions for workers
10 | AP Euro- Reading Outline to Palmer’s A History of the Modern World, Chapter 1
a. response of upper classes
b. the “jacqueries” & Wat Tyler’s rebellion
c. overall effect on rural workers
4. Kings
a. new ways of raising $
5. The Hundred Years’ War
a. location of war
b. Joan of Arc
6. Effect of war on England
a. longbow
b. Parliament’s power
c. War of the Roses
Troubles of the Medieval Church
1. the Church in 1300
2. Edward I of England, Philip the Fair of France
3. Pope Boniface VIII’s Unam Sanctam
a. King Philip’s response
4. The Babylonian Captivity
a. Avignon
b. effects on the Papacy
5. The Great Schism
a. Papal Revenues
b. effects of the Schism
6. Responses to crisis
a. the Flagellants
11 | AP Euro- Reading Outline to Palmer’s A History of the Modern World, Chapter 1
b. Jews
c. witches
7. William Langland’s Piers Plowman
8. The Lollards & John Wyclif
9. Bohemia & John Huss
a. the Hussites
b. The Hussite Wars
10. Reaction of established & influential persons
The Conciliar Movement
1. Council of Pisa
2. Council of Constance- goals
a.
b.
c.
3. Results of Constance
4. Idea of General Councils
a. Pope Martin V
5. Church Corruption
a. simony
b. nepotism
c. indulgences
6. Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, 1438
7. Renaissance Popes
a. Pope Alexander VI
b. Pope Julius II
c. Pope Leo X
12 | AP Euro- Reading Outline to Palmer’s A History of the Modern World, Chapter 1
13 | AP Euro- Reading Outline to Palmer’s A History of the Modern World, Chapter 1