SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
“Short-term benefits, but transgenerational costs of maternal loss in an insect with facultative maternal care”
by Julia Thesing, Jos Kramer, Lisa K Koch and Joël Meunier.
Origin of the females excluded from the cross-fostering part of experiment 2.
Here is the detailed maternal (gMother) and paternal (gFather) origins of the 6 females
that were excluded from the cross-fostering:
gMother
gFather
No eggs produced
maternally tended
maternally tended
No eggs produced
maternally tended
maternally deprived
No eggs produced
maternally deprived
maternally tended
No eggs produced
maternally deprived
maternally deprived
Eggs produced too
maternally tended
maternally tended
early
Eggs produced too late
maternally deprived
maternally deprived
Additional details on the statistical analyses of experiment 1.
Because eye distance and forceps length were correlated in both males (r2 = 0.36, LM
slope ± SE = 3.65 ± 0.68, t = 5.4, p < 0.0001) and females (r2 = 0.25, LM slope ± SE = 1.48
± 0.34, t = 4.33, p < 0.0001), we calculated a “corrected forceps length” by extracting the
residuals of two Linear Models (in males and females, separately) with forceps length as
response variable and eye distance as explanatory variable. Furthermore, 40 out of the
80 families (20 MT and 20 MD) had been reared in Petri dishes that were not regularly
cleaned (to measure its effect on immunity - results not shown). This parameter was
thus first entered as an additional explanatory, fixed factor in the four tested models, in
which it was never significant (Survival rate: LR χ21 = 1.42, p = 0.232; Developmental
time: LR χ21 = 1.12, p = 0.734; Eye distance: LR χ21 = 0.99, p = 0.318; Forceps length: LR
χ21 = 1.45, p = 0.228). As a consequence, and because investigating the effects of this
parameter was out of the scope in the present study, this factor was secondarily
removed from the statistical models. Note that keeping or excluding this parameter did
not qualitatively change the presented results.
Table S1 | Combinations of gMother, gFather, fMother and fFather in experiment 2.
The table reports the number of replicates for each combination (N), as well as the
sample size used for each analysis (Stats). The corresponding adults were either
maternally deprived (MD) or maternally tended (MT).
gMother gFather fMother fFather
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MT
MT
MD
MT
MD
MT
Life-history
traits
N
Stats
5
10
5
4
8
4
Clutch defense
N
4
4
4
4
Stats
8
8
Clutch
desertion time
N
Stats
4
8
4
4
8
4
Food
provisioning
N
Stats
3
6
3
2
4
2
1
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
“Short-term benefits, but transgenerational costs of maternal loss in an insect with facultative maternal care”
by Julia Thesing, Jos Kramer, Lisa K Koch and Joël Meunier.
MD
MD
MD
MD
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MD
MD
MD
MD
MT
MT
MT
MT
MD
MD
MT
MT
MD
MD
MT
MT
MD
MD
MT
MT
MD
MT
MD
MT
MD
MT
MD
MT
MD
MT
MD
MT
TOTAL
5
5
4
5
4
4
5
4
4
5
4
5
10
9
8
9
9
9
72
4
5
2
4
3
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
9
6
7
8
7
8
61
4
5
2
4
3
4
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
2
3
4
4
1
3
3
3
4
3
9
6
7
6
7
8
59
7
5
8
4
6
7
47
Table S2 | Effects of gMother, gFather and fMother on nymph developmental time
and survival rate until adulthood in the maternal-presence groups.
Developmental time
Survival rate
LR χ21
P
LR χ21
P
fMother
0.16
0.689
0.11
0.738
gMother
3.39
0.066
0.96
0.327
gFather
0.19
0.666
0.14
0.704
-
> 0.05
-
> 0.05
Interactions
Table S3 | Correlation among the five measurements of maternal care. The lower
and upper diagonals present the correlation value and the p-values, respectively,
obtained from spearman rank correlation tests. Significant p-values are in bold.
Egg
guarding
Egg guarding
Nymph
Egg
Nymph
Food
guarding abandonment abandonment provisioning
p = 0.459
p = 0.009
p = 0.799
p = 0.811
p = 0.880
p = 0.632
p = 0.508
p = 0.499
p = 0.778
Nymph guarding
rs = 0.10
Egg abandon.
rs = 0.02
Nymph abandon.
rs = 0.32
rs = 0.03
rs = 0.06
rs = -0.09
Food provisioning
rs = 0.04
rs = -0.11
rs = 0.04
p = 0.461
rs = 0.12
2